臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中文摘要
以二個試驗探討飼糧中添加不同來源之非澱粉多醣類對雛鵝生長性能及腸道性狀之影響。試驗一，選取1日齡體重相近之雌白羅曼鵝（White Roman）120隻，逢機分成5個處理組，每處理組4重複，每重複6隻；鵝隻分別餵飼等蛋白質（粗蛋白質20.5 ﹪）、等熱能（代謝能2950 kcal/kg），分別由玉米、大麥糠、米糠、麩皮及果膠等5種原料提供9 ﹪NSP（non-starch polysaccharides）之飼糧；試驗期為3週（21日），採籠飼飼養（90 cm × 56 cm × 58 cm），飼料與飲水採任食。試驗二，5個處理組試驗飼糧分別含9％由玉米、大麥糠、米糠、麩皮及果膠來源之鹼萃取NSP，其餘之試驗設計與試驗一者相同。兩試驗鵝隻均於試驗開始及結束時，秤量個別體重，並每日記錄飼料消耗量；試驗結束時，犧牲鵝隻採取各部位腸道樣本進行相關性狀測定。試驗結果顯示，兩個試驗均以果膠處理組之飼糧黏度較其他各處理組之飼糧為高，且鵝隻腸道內容物之黏度亦以果膠處理組顯著較其他處理組者為高（P < 0.05）。鵝隻隻日增重、隻日採食量、飼料效率及三週齡平均體重，均以果膠處理組顯著較其他處理組者為差（P < 0.05）。在腸道性狀方面，兩試驗的腸道相對重量與相對長度均以果膠處理組顯著地較其他各處理組為高（P < 0.05）；試驗一鵝隻盲腸內容物中短鏈脂肪酸（SCFA）含量，在各處理組間無顯著差異（P > 0.05），而試驗二鵝隻盲腸內容物中乙酸含量，以米糠處理組顯著較麩皮處理組低；丁酸含量則呈相反之現象。試驗一鵝隻腸道腺窩細胞增生速率，在各處理組間無顯著差異（P > 0.05），而試驗二在空腸及迴腸部分則以米糠處理組較麩皮處理組為高；試驗一空腸的細胞以果膠處理組最大，而細胞活性則以果膠處理組顯著最低（P < 0.05），其餘性狀無顯著差異。試驗二空、迴腸的細胞亦以果膠處理組顯著較其他各處理組大，但迴腸的細胞活性以果膠處理組顯著較其他處理組高，蛋白質合成效率則以果膠處理組顯著較其他各處理組低（P < 0.05）。

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different sources of dietary non-starch polysaccharides ( NSP ) on the growth performance and intestinal characteristics in goslings. This study includes two trials. In trial 1, one hundred and twenty 1 day old White Roman female goslings were selected and divided randomly into 5 groups. Each group contained 4 replicates with 6 birds and fed one of five isonitrogenous ( 20.5％ crude protein ) and isocaloric ( 2950 kcal/kg ) diets that contained 9％ natural dietary NSP from corn, barley hull, rice bran, wheat bran or pectin, respectively. Goslings were housed in wire cages ( 90 cm × 56 cm × 58 cm ). Feed and water were supplied ad libitum for a 3-wk experimental period. In trial 2, the experimental designs were same as those of trial 1 except 9％ dietary NSP extracted from corn, barley hull, rice bran, wheat bran and pectin were supplemented to experimental diets, respectively. The body weight of goslings and daily feed consumption were recorded at the begin and end of both trials. At the end of both trials, the goslings were killed for measuring the intestinal characteristics. The results indicated that pectin treament diet had higher viscosity and significantly higher viscosity of intestinal digesta （P < 0.05） than the other treatment diets in both trials. However, the daily gain, daily feed consumption, feed efficiency and average body weight in pectin treatment group were significantly lower than those in the other treatments in both trials（P < 0.05）. With respect to the intestinal weight and length, the relative weight and length of goslings fed with pectin treatment diet were significantly higher than those fed with the other treatments in both trials（P < 0.05）. The percentage of SCFA in caecum were no significantly different among treatments in trial 1, and the percentage of acetic acid in rice bran treatment was significantly higher than that in wheat bran treatment in trial 2, but the percentage of butyric acid had a converse result. The crypt cell proliferation of intestinal mucosa were no significantly different among treatments in trial 1. However, the crypt cell proliferation of intestinal mucosa in rice bran treatment was significantly higher than that in wheat bran treatment in trial 2. In trial 1, except the significantly higher jejunal cell size and the significantly lower cell metabolic activity in pectin treatment, no significantly effects were discovered in DNA, RNA and protein contents. In trial 2, the jejunal and ileal cell sizes and cell metabolic activity in pectin treatment were significantly higher, but the protential rate of protein synthesis was significantly lower than those in the other treatments.

目 錄
壹、 中文摘要………………………………………………………. 1
貳、 前言……………………………………………………………. 3
參、 文獻檢討………………………………………………………. 5
一、飼糧纖維與非澱粉多醣類之定義………………….……. 5
二、非澱粉多醣類的特性……………………………….……. 6
（一）不可溶性非澱粉多醣類…………………………. 6
（二）可溶性非澱粉多醣類……………………………. 8
三、飼料簡介……………………………………………….…. 8
（一）玉米………….……………………………………. 8
（二）大麥糠…………………………………………….. 9
（三）米糠……………………………………………….. 9
（四）麩皮………………………………….…...……….. 10
（五）果膠………………………………………………. 11
1.來源及成分……………………………………. 11
2.結構……………………………………………. 12
3.可溶性…………………………………………. 13
4.膠化性…………………………………………. 14
肆、 材料與方法……………………………………………………. 17
一、試驗設計與方法…………………………………………. 17
二、測定項目與分析方法……………………………………. 23
（一）飼料之化學分析………………………………… 23
（二）NSP之萃取(鹼萃取法)…………………………. 23
（三）飼糧纖維含量之測定……………………………. 24
（四）in vitro法測定原料及飼糧粘度………………… 24
（五）腸道內容物黏度之測定………………………… 25
（六）腸道黏膜DNA、RNA及蛋白質之測定………. 25
（七）盲腸內容物短鍊脂肪酸之測定………………… 27
（八）腺窩細胞增生速率之測定……………………… 28
三、統計分析…………………………………………………. 29
伍、 結果與討論……………………………………………………. 30
一、飼料原料中飼糧纖維之含量及黏度……………………. 30
二、生長性狀………………………………………………….. 34
三、腸道性狀………………………………………………….. 39
1.腸道內容物黏度………………………………………. 39
2.腸道相對重量及長度…………………………………. 42
3.盲腸內容物中短鍊脂肪酸（SCFA）含量…………… 48
4.腺窩細胞增生速率糧粘度……………………………. 52
5.腸道黏膜組織之DNA、RNA與蛋白質……………… 58
陸、 結論……………………………………………………………. 64
柒、 參考文獻………………………………………………………. 65
捌、 英文摘要.................…………………………………………… 74

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