臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

活性污泥法是一種污水的好氧生物處理法，它能從污水中去除溶解性的和膠體狀態的可生物分解性之有機物，以及能被活性污泥吸附的懸浮固體和其他一些物質，同時也能去除一部分磷素和氮素。
本研究嘗試以鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀(Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate, KHP)作為廢水處理模型之有機鹽，並蒐集10種活性污泥混合來分解不同濃度的鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀，以研究馴化和未馴化活性污泥兩者對KHP生物分解的影響，利用測量水中溶氧量之密閉瓶 (Closed bottle)法及測量壓力耗氧量之呼吸壓差法(Oxitops)來進行長時間活性污泥耗氧性的培養分解試驗，針對鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀分別以生化需氧量、呼吸壓差法及碳源消耗量等好氧性微生物之各種代謝指標進行分析計算，並與理論耗氧量或化學需氧量作比較。實驗結果發現，KHP之濃度在30 ppm、60 ppm、100 ppm、150 ppm下，原始污泥之生物分解度分別是29.34%、14.67% 、8.80%、 5.86%；而馴化污泥之生物分解度分別是88.02%、88.02%、88.02%、90.96%；由此發現原始污泥隨著KHP濃度添加，並無明顯的菌體成長，而活性不變，馴化後之污泥其活性較好，隨著KHP濃度的增加，其生物分解速率變慢，濃度越高，則馴化污泥對KHP生物分解反應所花費的時間越長，使得生物分解度遞增至定值。

Activated sludge is a kind of aerobic bioremediation for sewage. The method can remove soluble and colloidal organics which are biodegradable. Meanwhile, it can also take away suspended solids and other matters along with a part of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds.
This research attempts to use potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) as the organic salt in the wastewater treatment model. Besides, the research also collects 10 kinds of activated sludge combinations to degrade KHP of different concentration in order to study the influences between acclimated and unacclimated sludge on KHP biodegradation. By measuring the dissolved oxygen of the closed bottle and different oxygen demand respiratory pressure (Oxitops) to test the culturing conditions and oxygen consumption of the activated sludge in long term. Then, the research introduces related kinetic models to investigate the dynamics of the acclimated sludge on the potassium hydrogen phthalate as a sole carbon substrate and to explore the metabolic indexes of the aerobic microorganisms such as biological oxygen demand (BOD), respiratory pressure method and carbon consumption through analysis, calculation and further comparison with theroretical oxygen demand (ThOD) or chemical oxygen demand (COD). The experimental results show that when the concentration of KHP is under 30 ppm, 60 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm, the biodegradation levels of unacclimated sludge are 29.34%, 14.67%, 8.80%, and 5.86% respectively; and the biodegradation levels of acclimated sludge are 88.02%, 88.02%, 88.02%, and 90.96% respectively. It is found that there is an obvious suppression level of the unacclimated sludge as the concentration of the KHP increases. Rejuvenating the acitivity of the acclimated sludge, the rate of KHP degradation slows down as the acitivity of the KHP increases. With a higher KHP concentration, more time is required for the acclimated sludge to process KHP degradation till the biodegradation level increases up to a fixed value.

目錄
摘　要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌謝 IV
目錄 V
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究動機 1
1.2研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1活性污泥法概說 3
2.1.1活性污泥的一般特性 4
2.1.1.1污泥之沈降性 5
2.1.1.2污泥之生化特性 5
2.1.2生物處理法之原理及程序 6
2.1.2.1生物處理原理 7
2.1.2.2活性污泥程序 7
2.2 生物分解之基本觀念與介紹 8
2.2.1生物分解途徑 8
2.2.2生物分解相關名詞之定義 9
2.2.3生物分解性之測試方法 11
2.3鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀生物代謝路徑推導 14
第三章 實驗設備、方法與步驟 26
3.1實驗儀器器材 26
3.2實驗藥品 28
3.3實驗方法與步驟 30
3.3.1菌種取樣 30
3.3.2菌種活化、馴化 31
3.3.3計算理論需氧量 33
3.3.4 污泥活性的監測 34
3.3.5生物分解測量BOD實驗 34
3.3.5.1 基鹽配置 34
3.3.5.2 菌體濃度定量化 35
3.3.5.3 測量BOD實驗 35
3.3.6生物分解OECD之301C法 38
3.3.6.1 基鹽配置 39
3.3.6.2 菌體濃度定量化 39
3.3.6.3 水樣量選取 42
3.3.6.4 呼吸儀 43
第四章 實驗結果與討論 44
4.1污泥活化的生理特性 44
4.2污泥雜菌馴化之必要性 46
4.3污泥活性的監測 47
4.4未馴化和馴化活性污泥雜菌之生物分解能力比較 49
4.4.1未馴化和馴化活性污泥雜菌的生物分解性比較 49
4.4.2未馴化和馴化活性污泥雜菌的UV生物分解測定 52
4.4.3未馴化和馴化活性污泥雜菌生化需氧量(BOD)的變化 58
第五章 結論與建議 66
5.1結論 66
5.2建議 67
參考文獻 68
附錄A 70
附錄B 71
附錄C 72

參考文獻
1.羅勝崇、邱鴻勝、林軒民，”利用二氧化鈦光催化分解鄰苯二甲酸鉀水溶液pH值效應”，2002輸送現象及其應用研討會論文集，pp.619-622(2002)`
2.廖建治”電路板剝膜廢液之化學及生物處理”，元智大學化學工程學系碩士論文，2001
3. Sung-Nien Lo等，"SBR 廢水生化處理技術之重新評估及推展應用"，漿紙技術 Vol.3，No.1，1999
4.陳鴻烈，"廢水中高濃度氨氮之硝化作用"，工業污染防治，第51 期，1994
5.陳國誠，廢水生物處理學，茂昌圖書(1991)
6. 陳茂修，污泥好氧消化處理之研究，碩士論文，國立台灣大學土木工程研究所，台北，1975。
7.北原文雄等編；賴耿陽譯，界面活性劑應用實務，復漢出版社，397-398(1983)。
8.Grishchenkov V. G.., Townsend R. T., Degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by facultative anaerobic bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions., Process Biochemistry, 889-896(2000).
9.姚俊宇，”淺談水中有機物與其量測方法”，石油通訊技術第五卷第二期(1993)
10.楊宗霖，利用生物分解法處理廢水中含磷苯二甲酸氫鉀之研究，碩士論文，台北科技大學化學工程研究所，台北(2004)。
11. Dagley , S., “Pathways for the utilization of organic growth substrates , in″The Bacteria , vol.VI, Bacterial Diversity″, p.305, L.N. Ornston and J.R. Okatch, eds., Academic Press, New York.
12.劉如招，″石油的微生物分解與利用″，石油季刊 1967
13.陳霈芝，Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum NTU-7C 之苯甲酸降解研究，碩士論文，台灣大學農業化學研究所，台北(1999)
14. Gaudy, A. F. 1980. Microbiology for environmental scientists and engineers. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.
15.Wang Jianlong,"Effect of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) on activated sludge"，Process Biochemistry,39 (2004),1831–1836.
16.OECD Guidelines. OECD Guidelines for testing of chemicals, Paris, 1993. OECD 301 A: DOC Die-Away-Test; OECD 301 B: CO2 Evolution Test; OECD 301 C: Modified MITI Test (I); OECD 301 D: Closed Bottle Test; OECD 301 E: Modified OECD Screening Test; OECD 301 F: Manometric Respirometry Test; OECD 302 B: Zahn-Wellens/EMPA test.
17.Hopkins , W. G. and N. P. A. Huner. Introduction to Plant Physiology, 3rd ed. pp.145-159. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, U.S.A.(2004).
18.Peter Reuschenbach, Udo Pagga, Uwe Strotmann,A critical comparison of respirometric biodegradation tests based on OECD 301 and related test methods, water research", 37 , 1571-1582(2003).
19.蕭來春，生物性界面活性劑增效萃取重金屬汙染土壤之研究，碩士論文，台北科技大學化學工程研究所，台北(2003)。
20.環署檢字第0950043953號
21.Pagga U., "Testing , biodegradability with standardized methods". Chemosphere 35, 2953-72(1997).
22.Hales, S. G., C. J. Philpotts and C. Gillard, “A respirometer with improved sensitivity for ready biodegradation testing”, Chemosphere, Vol. 33, No. 7, pp. 1247-1259, (1996).
23.Kuokkanen, T., Va¨ha¨oja, P., Va¨lima¨ki, I., Lauhanen, R., "Suitability of the respirometric BOD OxiTop method for determining the biodegradability of oils in groundwater using forestry hydraulic oils as model compounds". International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 84, 677-689(2004).
24.Ginkel, C.G.V., C.A. Stroo, A.G.M. Kroon, Tenside Surf. Det., p.213, 30, 3(1993).