臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於能源與環境污染的問題，目前世界各國正積極尋找替代能源以取代化石燃料的燃燒，其中生質合成氣具有可再生的特性，且若其取代化石燃料燃燒後可大幅降低碳足跡，是極具發展潛力的能源。
本研究將生質合成氣主成分之一的一氧化碳添加於貧油預混丙烷燃氣中，以兩向衝擊燃燒器為載具，利用溫度量測、流場可視化、化學螢光法、及燃燒後廢氣分析，對添加一氧化碳後貧油預混丙烷衝擊火焰的穩焰機制進行歸納探討。實驗所觀察到的火焰型態大致可分為M型火焰與丘型火焰兩種，而一氧化碳添加比例的增加會導致火焰傳播速度與火焰溫度的上升，一定程度的一氧化碳添加比例可使丘型火焰轉變為M型火焰。實驗量測發現火焰型態的轉變對燃燒後廢氣所含一氧化碳濃度有很大的影響，由於一氧化碳中的氧碳三鍵鍵能較高，導致其活化能較高，需要較高的能量才能夠進行反應，若在原為丘型火焰的純丙烷預混火焰中以固定當量比的條件下提升燃料所含一氧化碳比例，可發現燃燒後廢氣之一氧化碳濃度持續上升，可見許多添加之一氧化碳未被消耗；然而當一氧化碳添加比例到達一定量導致火焰型態變為M型時，燃燒後廢氣所含一氧化碳濃度隨燃料中一氧化碳添加比例增加而呈大幅度下降，此現象可歸因於流場與燃燒場的共同作用。由於燃燒器特殊的幾何形狀，燃燒器出口下游兩股噴流匯集處產生流場衝擊區，其中M型火焰所製造出的高溫衝擊區可讓添加一氧化碳之燃氣擁有較長時間維持高溫以充分進行反應。
本研究成果有助於了解一氧化碳的添加對貧油預混丙烷燃燒反應的影響，以及添加一氧化碳貧油預混丙烷衝擊火焰的燃燒機制，並驗證衝擊流場對一氧化碳燃燒的良好效果，進一步促進生質合成氣於工業與家庭燃燒上的應用。

The mechanisms of lean combustion of propane with/without CO addition on a V-shaped burner have been investigated through the analysis of both flow and combustion fields. The flame patterns and flame temperatures under different mixing conditions were measured and recorded. Moreover, the measurement of chemiluminescence and the flow visualization were applied to obtain the distributions of C2* and CH* intensity, and flow velocity, respectively, during the combustion process. Also, the exhaust gas was analyzed in order to identify the participation of CO in the combustion taking place on the V-shaped burner. The flame patterns observed in this work could be divided into two groups, M-typed and hill-typed flames. The empirical results showed that the flame propagation speed increased with CO concentration in the fuel, and the addition of CO might cause a change of the flame pattern from hill-type to M-type. Besides, both the flame temperature and the intensity of chemiluminescence increased, and the lower flammability limit decreased when CO concentration in the fuel rose. By analyzing the chemiluminescence and the exhaust gas, the imping effect caused by the V-shaped burner was found improving the combustion of mixtures of Propane/CO due to the high temperature in the impinging area. In the M-typed flame, the collision of gas jets reduced heat loss, and hence the impinging flow structure was able to maintain a high temperature, so that the combustion of CO, whose activation energy is comparatively high, can still take place in the impinging area. The findings provide industries a good concept of burning CO, and it can be further extended to the combustion of syngas.

摘要 II
Abstract V
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XI
符號說明 XII
第一章 前言 1
1.1. 研究背景 1
1.2. 研究動機與願景 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1. 火焰與流場間的關係 4
2.1.1. 燃燒反應區與火焰面特性 4
2.1.2. 流場與火焰的相互作用 4
2.1.3. 火焰間的交互作用 6
2.1.4. 流場與燃燒反應量測技術 7
2.2. 預混燃燒特性 9
2.2.1. 當量比 9
2.2.2. 燃燒中的化學反應 10
2.2.3. 火焰的不穩定性 11
2.2.4. 上飄火焰與火焰熄滅 11
2.3. 合成氣燃燒特性 12
2.3.1. 合成氣燃燒中的化學反應 12
2.3.2. 火焰溫度與火焰傳播速度 14
2.3.3. 質量與熱量傳遞效應 16
2.4. 文獻總結 17
第三章 研究方法 18
3.1. 燃氣供應系統與實驗載具 19
3.1.1. 燃料選擇 19
3.1.2. 供氣系統 19
3.1.3. 燃燒器構造 20
3.1.4. 實驗設置 22
3.1.5. 實驗參數說明 23
3.2. 火焰型態拍攝與溫度量測 24
3.2.1. 火焰型態拍攝 24
3.2.2. 溫度量測 27
3.3. 燃燒流場可視化 28
3.3.1. 燃燒流場可視化實驗設備 29
3.3.2. 雷射系統 30
3.3.3. 示蹤粒子 31
3.4. 化學螢光量測 32
3.4.1. 化學螢光法原理 32
3.4.2. 高速攝影機與鏡頭 33
3.4.3. 光學窄頻濾鏡 35
3.5. 廢氣量測分析 35
3.5.1. 廢氣量測實驗架設 35
3.5.2. 廢氣量測儀器 36
第四章 結果與討論 38
4.1. 衝擊火焰型態 38
4.1.1. 操作區間 39
4.1.2. 添加一氧化碳對火焰型態的影響 41
4.1.3. 一氧化碳添加比例對操作範圍的影響 43
4.2. 衝擊火焰的溫度量測 44
4.3. 衝擊火焰的化學螢光與流場分析 47
4.3.1. 兩種火焰型態的流場分析 47
4.3.2. 丙烷預混火焰化學螢光分析 49
4.3.3. 添加一氧化碳對化學螢光分布之影響 50
4.3.4. 一氧化碳添加比例對化學螢光分布之影響 52
4.4. 燃燒後廢氣分析 53
4.4.1. 丙烷預混火焰燃燒後廢氣分析 53
4.4.2. 燃氣添加一氧化碳之燃燒後廢氣分析 54
第五章 結論 57
參考文獻 60

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陳靖瑋，2011，三環丙烷火焰暫態反應強度與流場之交互作用研究，國立台灣大學機械工程學系碩士論文。