臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

LTE 是由電信相關業者所組成的 3GPP 組織所制訂之無線通訊傳輸標準之一，具有與現有行動通訊網路(3G UMTS, 3.5G HSDPA…等)相容的特性，是目前 4G 標準中最被看好的一種廣域無線網路接取技術，在 LTE 架構之下，規範了行動用戶(UE)如何透過無線訊號與 LTE 核心網路(Evolved Packet Core, EPC)的基地台(E-UTRAN NodeB, eNB) 連線並進行無線通訊；考量 eNB 無線訊號覆蓋範圍，在進階的LTE-Advanced 環境，制訂了低耗電、低成本的中繼設備 Relay Node(RN)加入，可讓訊號覆蓋範圍增加、解決訊號死角，使用者與基地台之間藉由 RN 做中繼轉傳，則可以得到較佳的傳輸品質。本文中所探討的多重無線存取技術(Multiple-Radio Access Technology, Multi-RAT)則是在原有的無線網路環境中支援額外的無線存取技術，使得該網路能讓不同系統的使用者存取到網路；由於不同的存取技術需要不同的基地台做支援，如此一來可能會增加電信業者的佈建成本，所以我們考慮讓 RN 不只支援一種無線存取技術，讓不同存取技術的使用者能透過 RN 來存取網路，而不需要為了每種存取技術佈建基地台，如此一來電信業者可以用較低成本，服務更多使用不同存取技術的使用者。本研究希望在不影響核心網路(Core Network, CN)的前提下，以 UMTS為例進行多重無線存取技術的整合，將 UMTS 技術整合於 RN 上，讓 UMTS 的使用者能透過 RN 和 UMTS 核心網路交換資訊，在本論文研究中我們假設 RN 能支援UMTS 基地台(NodeB, NB)的功能，提出了使用現有介面連接而成的架構，稱之為Architecture A；另外提出了使用 All-IP 方式連接的架構，稱之為 Architecture B。我們針對這兩種架構的整合技術進行說明外，更進一步做了定性分析以及定量分析探討使用者在這些架構之下的換手效能，分析結果可以得知 UE 到 RNC 的路徑長短將會對效能造成最大的影響。未來研究中，我們將考慮探討 RN 若為 Mobile RN 的情況，此外還希望還能加入 Local IP access (LIPA)的功能。

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is one of 3GPP standards developed by 3GPP which is organized by telecommunication manufactories and operators. It is backward compatible with 3G/UMTS cellular systems and competing access network technologies in 4G wireless networks with WiMAX. The major difference between 3GPP Release 10 LTE-Advanced X and original LTE is a new entity called relay node (RN) introduced in LTE-Advanced. Comparing to a base station, RN is a low-power and low-cost device. An Evolved Node B (eNB) can extend its serving coverage and provide better quality of radio signal to users by using RN. Multiple radio access technologies (Multi-RAT) mean that a base station is composed of more than one radio access technology. If RN can support Multi-RAT including UMTS, IEEE 802.11 and 802.16, the LTE-Advanced network can further provide more flexibility services. However, the system architecture for Multi-RAT supporting is still under development. This thesis focuses on integrated architecture design by which RN can provide services for both UMTS UEs and LTE UEs. The proposed architectures can integrate 3G UMTS and 4G LTE-Advanced networks. Thus, the transition between 3G and 4G becomes more easily. The key motivation of proposed architectures is to improve system performance without modifying LTE-Advanced and UMTS core networks. The RN can serve UMTS UEs by integrating UMTS functionalities into RN. Two different architectures, namely Architecture A and Architecture B, are proposed in this manuscript. We assume that RN can support functionalties of UMTS Node B (NB) in both architectures. In Architecture A, existing interfaces are used to interconnect EPC and UMTS Core Network. On the other hand, IP-based intranet is used to interconnect between E-UTRAN and UMTS Core Networks in Architecture B. Comparisons and analytical results show that the distance between UMTS UE and RNC causes great impact on handover and transmission efficiencies.

誌謝 I
論文摘要 II
Abstract IV
目錄 VI
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XI
Chapter 1 簡介 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目標 2
1.3 章節編排 3
Chapter 2 技術標準介紹與文獻探討 4
2.1 LTE 4
2.1.1 LTE標準 4
2.1.1.1 UE初始連接LTE網路 8
2.1.1.2 LTE換手程序 9
2.1.2 LTE-Advanced標準 12
2.1.2.1 RN初始連接LTE-Advanced網路 16
2.1.2.2 LTE-Advanced換手程序 19
2.2 UMTS 21
2.2.1 UMTS標準 21
2.2.2 UMTS基本程序 23
2.2.2.1 UMTS資料傳輸流程 23
2.2.2.2 UMTS換手機制 32
2.3 Multi-RAT 41
Chapter 3 多重無線存取技術整合 43
3.1 UMTS與LTE之介面連接 45
3.2 UMTS與LTE之protocol stack整合 49
Chapter 4效能評估 57
4.1 定性分析 57
4.2 定量分析 60
4.3 多重無限存取技術整合於Mobile RN之延伸探討 72
Chapter 5結論 73
Reference 74

[1]S. Sesia, I. Toufik, and M. P. J. Baker, LTE – The UMTS Long Term Evolution: From Theory to Practice, Wiley, Apr. 2009.
[2]Nakamura Takaharu, “LTE and LTE-Advanced: Radio technology aspects for mobile communications,’’ in General Assembly and Scientific Symposium, 2011 XXXth URSI, pp. 1-4, Aug. 2011.
[3]B. Clerckx, A. Lozano, S. Sesia, C. van Rensburg, and C. B. Papadias, “3GPP LTE and LTE-Advanced,’’ in EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, pp. 1-3, Sep. 2009.
[4]3GPP, “Radio Access Network; UTRAN Overall Description,” Tech. spec. 3GPP TS 25.401, v. 10.2.0 (2011–06), 2011.
[5]3GPP, “Radio Access Network; E-UTRA and E-UTRAN Overall Description,” Tech. spec. 3GPP TS 36.300, v. 8.0.0 (2007–03), 2007.
[6]3GPP, “Radio Access Network; E-UTRA and E-UTRAN Overall Description,” Tech. spec. 3GPP TS 36.300, v. 11.1.0 (2012–03), 2012.
[7]3GPP, “System Aspects; GPRS enhancements for E-UTRAN access,” Tech. spec. 3GPP TS 23.401, v. 11.1.0 (2012–03), 2012.
[8]Aimi. S. A, N. Satiman, N. Fisal, Siti M.M. Maharum, Faiz A. Saparudin, and Rozeha A.Rashid, “Relay Architecture for LTE Advanced Networks,” International Conference on Communication and Broadband Networking, ICCBN 2011, 2011.
[9]O. Teyeb, V. V. Phan, B. Raaf, and S. Redana, “Dynamic Relaying in 3GPP LTE-Advanced Networks,’’ EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, pp. 1-11, Jul. 2009.
[10]3GPP, “Radio Access Network; Relay architectures for E-UTRA (LTE-Advanced),” Tech. report 3GPP TR 36.806, v. 9.0.0 (2010–03), 2010.
[11]3GPP, “Radio Access Network; E-UTRA and E-UTRAN Overall Description,” Tech. spec. 3GPP TS 36.300, v. 10.3.0 (2011–03), 2011.
[12]Jeng-Yueng Chen, Yi-Ting Mai, and Chun-Chuan Yang, “Handover Enhancement in LTE-Advanced Relay Networks,’’ International Symposium on Computer, Consumer and Control (IS3C 2012), pp. 1-12, Jun. 2012.
[13]K. W. Richardson, “UMTS overview,’’ Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal, pp. 93-100, Jun. 2000.
[14]H. Kaaranen, A. Ahtiainen, L. Laitinen, S. Naghian, and V. Niemi, UMTS Networks: Architecture, Mobility and Services (Second Edition), Wiley, Nov. 2005.
[15]3GPP, “System Aspects; Network architecture,” Tech. spec. 3GPP TS 23.002, v. 11.2.0 (2012–03), 2012.
[16]3GPP, “Radio Access Network; UTRAN functions, examples on signalling procedures,” Tech. report 3GPP TR25.931, v10.1.0 (2011－06), 2011.
[17]Huawei Technologies co., “UMTS UTRAN Signaling Procedures,’’ http://www.huawei.com.
[18]H. Holma and A. Toskala, LTE for UMTS – OFDMA and SC-FDMA Based Radio Access, Wiley, 2009.
[19]Y. B. Lin, A. C. Pang, Y. R. Haung, and I. Chlamtac, “An All-IP Approach for UMTS Third-Generation Mobile Networks,’’ Network, IEEE, pp. 8-19, Sep./Oct. 2002.
[20]S. L. C. Tsao, “Enhanced GTP: an Efficient Packet Tunneling Protocol for General Packet Radio Service,’’ International Conference on Communications 2001(IEEE ICC 2001), pp. 2819-2823, Jun. 2001.
[21]P. X., W. Y., and Z. H., “Securing GPRS Tunnel Protocol in 3G Core Network,’’ Computational Intelligence and Security 2010(CIS 2010), pp. 469-473, Dec. 2010.
[22]3GPP, “Radio Access Network; UTRAN Iu Interface: general aspects and principles,” Tech. spec. 3GPP TS25.410, v10.2.0 (2011－06), 2011.
[23]R. S., C. M., “SCTP: New Transport Protocol for TCP/IP,’’ Internet Computing, IEEE, pp. 64-99, Dec. 2001.
[24]Huawei Technologies, “Further considerations on mobility support for eAlt.2-1 Mobile Relay,’’ 3GPP TSG RAN WG3 Meeting #76 R3-121145, May 2012.
[25]Institute for Information Industry (III), “Performance comparison for mobile relay architecture options”, 3GPP TSG RAN WG3 Meeting#75 R3-120752, Mar. 2012.
[26]3GPP, “Mobile Relay for E-UTRA,” Tech. report 3GPP TR 36.836, v. 1.0.0 (2012–05), 2012.