臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來許多實證研究漸漸把注意力集中於廠商成長的問題上,
特別是檢驗初始條件(規模,年齡等等)與廠商成長率之間的關聯性,
以解釋現實觀察到廠商成長之異質性,
並驗證關於隨機成長理論從不同的角度(學習效果,規模經濟,
沉入成本等等)對廠商成長所作的推論。
但是所有的隨機成長理論都以競爭市場為架構,
而且得到的推論也是少得可憐。
本文首次以不完全競爭市場為架構,
從中間財研發的觀點來捕捉廠商的內生成長行為,
推導出廠商成長率與需求彈性、中間財替代彈性、
研發成本、市場規模、廠商規模之間的關聯性,
並提出 Gibrat''s Law 成立的條件。

目 錄
第 一 章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
第 二 章 獨占廠商成長模型 6
2.1 模型設定 6
2.2 廠商最適成長路徑之動態方程式 8
2.3 當 $\theta=0$ 時永續經營廠商之最適成長過程 10
2.4 本章結論 13
第 三 章 獨占廠商有限存活期成長模型 14
3.1 $\theta=0$ 時有限存活期廠商最適成長路徑 14
3.2 $\theta\neq 0$ 時有限存活期廠商最適成長性質 17
3.2.1 初始規模 $n_0$ 對最適成長率之影響 18
3.2.2 需求彈性與中間財替代彈性對最適成長率之影響 22
第 四 章 結論 24
Appendix 1: Proof of Lemma 1. 26
Appendix 2: Variational Differential Equations 27

\bibitem{} Baumol, W. (1962), "On the Theory of Expansion of the Firms,"
{\em American Economic Review}, 52, 1078-1087.
\bibitem{} Cabral, L. (1995), "Sunk costs, firm size and firm growth,"
{\em Journal of Industrial Economics}, 43, 161-172.
\bibitem{} Caputo, M. R. (1990), "Comparative Dynamics via Envelope Methods in Variational
Calculus," {\em Review of Economic Studies}, 57, 689-697.
\bibitem{} Caputo, M. R. (1990), "How to do Comparative Dynamics on the Back of an
Envelope in Optimal Control Theory,"
{\em Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control}, 14, 655-683.
\bibitem{} Caputo, M. R. (1990), "New Qualitative Properties in the Comparative Nonrenewable
Resource Extracting Model of the Firm,"
{\em International Economic Review}, 31, 829-839.
\bibitem{} Cass, D. (1966), "Optimal Growth in an Aggregative Model of Capital
Accumulation: a Turnpike Theorem," {\em Econometrica}, 34, 833-850.
\bibitem{} Chiang, Alpha C. (1992), {\em Elements Of Dynamic Optimization}. New York:
McGraw-Hill,Inc.
\bibitem{} Dunne, P. and A. Hughes (1994), "Age, Size, Growth and Survival:
UK Companies in the 1980s,"
{\em Journal of Industrial Economics}, 42,
115-140.
\bibitem{} Dunne, T., M. J. Roberts and L. Samuelson (1989), "The growth and failure
of U.S. manufacturing plants,"
{\em Quarterly Journal of Economics}, 104, 671-698.
\bibitem{} Ethier, Wilfred J. (1982), "National and International Returns to Scale in
the Modern Theory of International Trade,"
{\em American Economic Review}, 72, 389-405.
\bibitem{} Evans, D. S. (1987a), "The relationship between firm growth,size and age:
estimates for 100 manufacturing industries,"
{\em The Journal of Industrial Economics}, 35, 567-581.
\bibitem{} Evans, D. S. (1987b), "Tests of alternative theories of firm growth,"
{\em Journal of Political Economy}, 95, 657-674.
\bibitem{} Hall, B. H. (1987), "The relationship between firm size and firm growth
in the U.S. manufacturing sector,"
{\em The Journal of Industrial Economics},
35, 583-606.
\bibitem{} Hart, P. E., and S. J. Prais (1956), "The Analysis of Business Concentration:
A Statistical Approach,"
{\em Journal of the Royal Statistical Society}, 119, 150-191.
\bibitem{} Hartman, P. (1985), {\em Ordinary Differential Equations}. New York:
John Wiley.
\bibitem{} Jovanovic, B. (1982), "Selection and the evolution of industry,"
{\em Econometrica}, 50, 649-670.
\bibitem{} Kamien, M. I. and N. C. Schwartz(1991), {\em Dynamic Optimization:
the calculus of variations and optimal control in
economics and management}. New York:Elsevier
Science Publishing Co., Inc.
\bibitem{} Kumar, M. (1985), "Growth, Acquisition Activity and Firm Size:
Evidence from the United Kingdom,"
{\em Journal of Industrial Economics}, 33,
372-338.
\bibitem{} Mansfield, E. (1962), "Entry, Gibrat''s Law, Innovation, and the Growth of Firms,"
{\em American Economic Review}, 52, 1023-1051.
\bibitem{} Mata, J. (1994), "Firm Growth During Infancy,"
{\em Small Business Economics}, 6,
27-39.
\bibitem{} Oniki, H. (1973), "Comparative Dynamics (Sensitivity Analysis) in Optimal Control
Theory,"
{\em Journal of Economic Theory}, 6, 265-283.
\bibitem{} Pashigian, P. and S. Hymer (1962), "Firm Size and Rate of Growth,"
{\em Journal of Political Economy}, 70, 556-569.
\bibitem{} Segal, U. and A. Spivak (1989), "Firm size and optimal growth rates,"
{\em European Economic Review}, 33, 159-167.
\bibitem{} Simon, H. E. and C. P. Bonini (1958), "The Size Distribution of Business Firms,"
{\em American Economic Review}, 48,607-617.
\bibitem{} Singh, A. and G. Wittington (1975), "The Size and Growth of Firms,"
{\em Review of Economic Studies}, 42, 15-26.
\bibitem{} Smith, Adam. [1776] 1976, {\em An Inquiry to the Nature and Causes of the
Wealth of Nations}. Chicago:The University of Chicago Press.
\bibitem{} Smolny, W. (1998), "Innovations, Prices and Employment," {\em
The Journal of Industrial Economics}, 46, 359-381.
\bibitem{} Variyam, J. N. and D. S. Kraybill (1992), "Empirical evidence on determinants
of firm growth," {\em Economic Letter}, 38, 31-36.
\bibitem{} Wagner, J. (1992), "Firm Size, Firm Growth, and Persistence of Chance:
Testing Gibrat''s Law with Establishment Data From Lower Saxony, 1978-1989,"
{\em Small Business Economics}, 4, 121-131.