臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以某TFT-LCD之玻璃基板工廠玻璃研磨廢水進行實驗，藉由預先微波之PAC (Poly Aluminum Chloride，多元氯化鋁)加入至玻璃研磨廢水處理之效應，探討玻璃研磨廢水的沉澱時間、濁度、導電度、溫度以及膠羽顆粒形成之大小。首先以不同微波時間之PAC加入廢水中以破壞其帶電粒子間的穩定性，而後形成膠羽，設定PAC不同微波時間為 0、10、20、30、40、50秒後進行混凝，再以不同沉澱時間取出其上層澄清液，測量並分析經微波之PAC對於廢水濁度之變化。
實驗結果顯示在800W, 2450 MHz預先微波PAC 20 秒，溫度為50 ∼ 52℃之PAC經混凝沉澱後效果最為佳；玻璃研磨廢水加入預先微波20秒之PAC混凝沉澱3分鐘，平均濁度為93.4 NTU，比較其加入未預先微波之PAC混凝沉澱約10 ∼ 20分鐘才可看出有相同效果。
其結果可知玻璃研磨廢水加入預先微波之PAC經混凝處理後，有助於膠羽沉澱，亦有正面提昇水資源回收再利用之成效。

The study was conducted to observe the effect of glass polish wastewater treatment on condition that pre-microwaved PAC(Poly Aluminum Chloride ) was added to the targeted wastepaper from a TFT-CCD glass baseboard factory. In particular, some properties of treated glass polish wastewater were studied: its precipitation time, turbidity, conductivity, temperature and the size of floc aggregates formation. In it, separate parts of PAC which had been microwaved for different time limits were separately added to the wastewater in order to ruin the stabilities of those charged particles and then the treated wastewater was left to form floc aggregates. The separate heating time limits of PAC are 0,10,20,30,40,50seconds, and then added to the wastewater for coagulation. After that, its supernatant liquor was sampled at different time point of precipitation in order to measure and analyze the effect of microwaved PAC on the variation of wastewater turbidity.
The result had shown that the most obvious effectiveness of precipitation appeared on condition that the targeted wastewater was mixes with PAC which reached the temperature(50-52℃) after treated with 20 seconds’ heating(800w 2450MHz). The wastewater mixed with the PAC treated with 20 seconds’ heating was left to precipitate for 3 minute . Its average turbidity was 93.4 NYU, which could occur only after 10 ~20 minutes’ precipitation of the wastewater mixed with unheated PAC.
The result showed that the addition of microwaved PAC to wastewater which occurred before the cougulation of the mixed wastewater contributed to the precipitation of floc and thus positively enhances the effectiveness of the recycling of water resources for reuse.

中文摘要--------------------------------------I
英文摘要--------------------------------------II
誌謝------------------------------------------III
目錄------------------------------------------IV
表目錄----------------------------------------VI
圖目錄----------------------------------------VII
第一章、緒 論
1.1　研究緣起與背景---------------------------1
1.2　研究目的---------------------------------2
1.3　研究架構與流程---------------------------3
第二章、理論基礎與文獻回顧
2.1　微波(電磁)原理與技術應用-----------------5
2.1.1　微波(電磁)的原理-----------------------6
2.1.1.1　微波(電磁)作用對水之影響及探討-------7
2.1.1.2　微波加熱法與一般傳統加熱法之比較-----9
2.1.1.3　微波作用與物質介電因數之關係--------10
2.1.1.4　微波所具有的物理特性----------------13
2.1.2　微波加熱於工業應用的特點--------------16
2.1.3　微波技術於環境工程上的應用------------18
2.2　玻璃研磨原理及特性分析------------------26
2.2.1　玻璃研磨原理及設備流程----------------26
2.2.2　玻璃研磨廢水特性組成分析--------------28
2.3　化學混凝處理技術之發展------------------29
2.3.1　混凝理論------------------------------29
第三章、研究設備及方法
3.1　實驗處理對象及廢水來源------------------38
3.1.1　採樣流程及內容------------------------38
3.2　實驗設備與儀器--------------------------40
3.3　實驗方法及流程--------------------------46
3.3.1　杯瓶試驗 (Jar Test) ------------------46
3.3.2　實驗方法------------------------------51
第四章、研究結果與討論
4.1　玻璃研磨廢水水質特性及分析--------------53
4.1.1　玻璃研磨廢水性質及組成分析------------53
4.2　微波作用對PAC特性之影響-----------------55
4.2.1　微波作用對PAC之PH、溫度、比重影響-----56
4.2.2　微波作用對PAC之導電度、表面張力影響---59
4.3　預先微波PAC作用對玻璃研磨廢水混凝後沉澱效能之影響-----63
4.3.1　預先微波PAC對混凝後沉澱濁度及沉澱時間之影響---------63
4.3.2　預先微波PAC對混凝沉澱溫度之影響-------67
4.3.3　預先微波PAC對混凝後沉澱膠羽大小之影響-68
4.3.4　預先微波PAC對混凝後沉澱 pH、導電度與表面張力之影響---69
第五章、結論與建議
5.1　結論------------------------------------72
5.2　建議------------------------------------73
參考文獻---------------------------------------74

外文文獻
1. Abu-Samia, A., Morris, J.S., Koirtyohann, S.R., (1975). Wet ashing of somebiological samples in a microwave oven. Analytical Chemistry, 47, 1475-1477.
2. Adhikari B, De D, Maiti S., (2000), Reclaimation and recycling of waste rubber. Progress in Polymer Science, 25: 909-948.
3. Adin, A. and T. Asano, (1998), The Role of Physical-Chemical Treatment in Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse, Water Science and Technology, Vol.37, No.10, pp.79-90.
4. C.Touris, D.W. DePaoli, J.T. Shor, M.Z.-C. Hu, T.-Y. Ying, (2001), Electrocoagulation for magnetic seeding of colloidal particles, Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 177, pp.233-233.
5. Cha, C. Y., (1995) Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming.
6. Cha CY, Carlisle CT, (2001), Microwave process for removal and destruction of volatile organic compounds. Environmental Progress, 20(3):145-150.
7. Chen L. Lai, Sheng H. Lin, (2003), Electrocoagulation of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP)wastewater from semiconductor fabrication, Chemical Engineering Journal 95, pp.205-211.
8. Chen L. Lai, Sheng H. Lin, (2004), Treatment of chemical mechanical polishing wastewater by electrocoagulation: system performances and sludge settling characteristics, Chemosphere 54, pp.235-242.
9. Coss PM, Cha CY, (2000), Microwave regeneration of activated carbon used for the removal of solvents from vented air. Journal of Air and Waste Management Association, 50(4):529-535.
10.D.A. Jones, T.P. Lelyveld, S.D Mavrofidis, and S.W. Kingman. (2002), Microwave Heating Application in Environmental Engineering-a review, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 34: 75-90.
11.D Al-Doori, R Huggett, JF Bates, SC Brooks (1988), A comparison of denture base acrylic resins polymerized by microwave irradiation and by conventional water bath curing systems, Dent Mater, 4: 25-32.
12.Di PK, Chang DPY, (2001), Investigation of polychlorinated biphenyl removal from contaminated soil using microwave-generated steam. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 51(4):482-488.
13.Edelstein WA, Iben IET, Muler OM, et al., (1994), Radio frequency ground heating for soil remediation: science and engineering. Environmental Progress, 13(4):247-252.
14.Gabriel, C., S. Gabriel, E.H. Grant, B.S.J. Halstead, and D.M.P. Mingos, (1998). Dielectric parameters relevant to microwave dielectric heating. Chemical Society Reviews; 27: 213–23.
15.Guo J, Lua AC, (2000), Preparation of activated carbons from oilpalm stone chars by microwave induced carbon dioxide activation. Carbon, 38:1985-1993.
16.H. M. Kingston, and L. B. Jassie, (1998), Introduction to microwave sample preparation, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 7-31.
17.Haitham Al-Qahtani, (1996), Effect of magnetic treatment on Gulf seawater, Desalination 107, pp.75-81.
18.Haque, K. E.(1999) “Microwave energy for mineral treatment processes-a brief review, ” International Journal of Mineral Processing, 57, 1-24.
19.Heinzmann, B., (1994), Coagulation and Flocculation of Stormwater from a Separate Sewer System － A New Possibility for Enhanced Treatment, Water Science and Technology, Vol.29, No.12, pp.267-278.
20.I. J. Barnabas, R. D. John, I. A. Fowlis and S. P. Owen(1995), Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons From Highly Contaminated Soil Using Microwave Energy＂, Analyst, Vol.120, pp. 1897-1903.
21.Lagrega MD, Buckingham PL, Evans JC, (1994), Hazardous waste management.New York: McGraw-Hill.
22.Langenegger Bc, (1998), Treating materials, especially medical wastes. UK Patent 2320247 , June 17.
23.Lidstrom, P., Tierney, J., Wathey, B., and Westman, J. (2001) “Microwaveassisted organic synthesis-a review, ”Tetrahedron, 57, 9225-9283.
24.Ludlow-Palafox C, (1994), Microwave induced pyrolysis of plastic wastes management. New York : McGraw-Hill,March 20.
25.Menendez JA, Menendez EM, Garcia A, et al., (1999), Thermal treatment of activated carbons: a comparison between microwave and electric heating. Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, 34(3):137-143.
26.Michael J. Matteson, Regina L. Dobson, Robert W. Glenn, Jr., Nagesh S. Kukunoor, William H. Waits Ⅲ. Eric J. Clayfield, (1995), Electrocoagulation and separation of aqueous suspensions of ultrafine particles, Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 104, pp.101-109.
27.Mirafzal, G. A., Summer, J. M., (2000) Microwave Irradiation Reactions: Synthesis of Analgesic Drugs. J. Chem. Educ., 77, 356.
28.Norman L M, Cha C Y. [J]. Chem. Eng. Comm. , (1996), 140: 87~110.
29.Pailhes M, (1987), Method and device for regenerating waste based on fusible polymers. FR Patent 2599665, December 11.
30.Parquet, E., Lin, Q., (1997) Microwave Assisted Wolff-Kishner Reduction Reaction. J. Chem. Educ., 74, 1225.
31.S. Zhang, R. B. H. Tan, 1 K. G. Neoh, and C. Tien, (2000), Electrofiltration of Aqueous Suspensions, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 228, pp.393-404.
32.Sara Stemme , Lars Odberg , Martin Malmsten, (1999), Effect of colloidal silica and electrolyte on the structure of an adsorbed cationic polyelectrolyte layer, A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 155, pp.145-154.
33.Sheng H.Lin, Chung R yang, (2004), Chemical and physical treatments of chemical mechanical polishing wastewater from semiconductor fabrication, Journal of Hazardous Mayerials B108 pp.103-109.
34.Tai HS, Jou CJG. , (1998), Application of granular activated carbon packed-bed reactor in microwave radiation field to treat phenol. Chemosphere, 37(11):2685-2698.
35.Tambo, N. and T. Kamei, (1998) Coagulation and Flocculation on Water Quality Matrix, Water Science and Technology, Vol.37, No.10, pp.31-41.
36.Thostenson, E. T., and Chou, T. W. (1999) Microwave processing:fundamentals and applications, Composites: Part A, 30, 1055-1071.
37.Tata, Beone F, (1995), Hospital waste sterilization – a technical and economic comparison between radiation and microwave treatments. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 46(4-6): 1153-1157.
38.Van Wyk EJ, Bradasaw SM, de Swardt JB., (1997), The dependence of microwave regeneration of activated carbon on time and temperature. Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, 33(3):151-157.
39.Walkiewicz, J.W., G. Kazonich, and S.L. MacGill. (1998). Microwave heating characteristics of minerals and compounds, Minerals and Metallurgical Processing, 39: 39-42.
中文文獻
1. 台歐企業股份有限公司（1996），中華水電冷凍空調，給水篇，磁化水科技的原理與應用，第157 期。
2. 谷腰欣司 (2005)，「圖解電波的構造」，世茂出版社，台北。
3. 李惠嬌 (2006)，「磁化效應對晶背研磨廢水混凝沉澱處理影響之研究」，國 立雲林科技大學環境與安全衛生工程系碩士論文。
4. 金欽漢，戴樹珊，黃卡瑪 (1999)，微波化學，北京：科學出版社。
5. 林鴻偉，(2005)，磁化效應對晶背研磨廢水處理效能影響之研究，雲林科技大學環境與安全衛生工程研究所碩士論文。
6. 林月霞，(2004)，微波衍生化及固相微萃取結合氣相層析技術檢測丙烯醯胺之研究，國立中興大學所碩士論文。
7. 施伯勳，2004，表面波微波電漿重組甲烷及二氧化碳之研究與反應機制分析，中原大學化學工程研究所碩士論文。
8. 紀柏亨，楊末雄，(1998)，「微波消化之方法應用」, Chemistry（The Chiness Chem. SOC. Taipei）Vol.56, NO.4, pp.269~284.Kingman, S.W., and N.A.
9. 哈爾賓工業大學微波專業http://weibo.hagongda.com/mwlab/tech/mweap_big5.htm
10.黃進芳 (1994)，微波工程實習，全華出版社，臺北市。
11.黃進芳 (2005)，微波工程，五南圖書出版僱份有限公司，台北市 p.41~p.43。
12.黃信仁，(2001)，半導體工廠化學機械研磨廢水之處理研究，台灣科技大學化學工程研究所碩士論文。
13.黃信仁、劉志成、曾國佑（2001），「以超過濾處理半導體工廠化學機械研磨（CMP）廢水之研究」，第二十六屆廢水處理技術研討會論文集。
14.黃志彬、劉訓瑜、邱顯盛、李谷蘭，2000，「科學園區半導體積體電路製造業廢水處理及回收用水調查研究」，國立交通大學環境工程研究所，新竹。
15.徐尉凱，2001，應用蒸氣養護與微波加熱技術於新拌混凝土之可行性研究，朝陽科技大學營建工程所碩士班碩士論文。
16.許桂銘 (2001)，「飛灰輕質骨材製程及其性質之研究」，國立台灣科技大學工程技術研究所碩士論文
17.許茹婷，(2001)，以微波輔助消化法加速進行水樣中總氮之分析研究，國立中興大學所碩士論文
18.陳信君，1996，以微波法偵側廢水中化學需氧量 (COD) 之研究，淡江大學水資源及環境工程研究所碩士論文。
19.陳志邦（2003），「分子動力學模擬水分子團簇受磁場之影響」，成功大學機械工程研究所碩士論文，台南市。
20.陳彥旻（2002），「半導體業化學機械研磨廢水回收處理再利用技術研究」， 國立成功大學環境工程學系碩博士班論文。
21.彭永旺，2004，以微波輔助酸處理純化奈米碳管之探討，明新科技大學化學工程研究所碩士論文。
22.萬騰州，花建佑（2000），「外加交流電對活性污泥生物效應」，雲林科技大學環境與安全工程學系。
23.楊喬宇（2003），「探討哈耳電壓與水磁化變數之關係及其對水泥砂漿抗壓強 度之影響」，中央大學土木工程研究所碩士論文，中壢市。
24.楊素貞，陳秀卿，真昭桓，2003，以微波輔助萃取配合重量法分析水中之油脂，興大工程學刊　第十四卷　第一期。
25.廖秋榮，2001，以微波加熱處理土壤中含氯有機物，屏東科技大學環境工程與科學所碩士論文。
26.劉訓瑜，1999，化學機械研磨廢水混凝沉澱效能之評估，國立交通大學環境工程研究所碩士論文。
27.鄧宗禹、黃志彬、邱顯盛（2002），化學機械研磨費液之處理與回收，毫微 米通訊，第九卷第一期。
28.歐陽嶠暉（2000），下水道工程學，長松文化公司。
29.頼冠麟 (2006)，「微波作用對晶背研磨廢水處理效能之研究」，國立雲林科技大學環境與安全衛生工程系碩士論文。
30.蕭志清 (1997)，「磁化水科技的原理與應用」，化工技術，50，p.166~170。