臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目的：本研究目的在比較一分半鐘直膝與屈膝跳，跳躍前後對膝關節肌力與本體感覺之影響；並比較不同的跳躍方式，對膝關節不同角度本體感覺之影響。研究方法：受測者包括18位高中籃球運動員。跳躍運動包括一分半鐘直膝與屈膝跳，將節拍器控制在60次/分的速度。以等速測力器，角速度60度/秒與180度/秒，測量跳躍前後股四頭肌肌力。以電子量角器，膝屈曲15度為開始角度，膝屈曲30度、45度、60度為目標角度，測量跳躍前後膝關節本體感覺。結果：角速度60度/秒與180度/秒下，屈膝跳後股四頭肌作功下降48%與44%;直膝跳後股四頭肌作功下降35%與34%。膝關節屈曲30度、45度、60度之關節主動復位，屈膝跳前誤差值為1.74度、2.19度、1.98度；屈膝跳後誤差值為4.58度、5.95度、8.46度。直膝跳前誤差值為1.56度、1.97度、2.33度；直膝跳後誤差值6.76度、7.43度、5.55度。兩種跳躍運動前後之絕對誤差值，在不同角度均達統計差異(p < .05)。兩種跳躍運動後，本體感覺皆會變差。比較膝關節屈曲30度、45度、60度時，兩種跳躍方式間之絕對誤差值，達統計差異(p < .05)。在膝關節屈曲30度與45度時，直膝跳之本體感覺較屈膝跳差；在膝關節屈曲60度時，屈膝跳之本體感覺較直膝跳差。結論：不同跳躍運動在肌肉疲勞後皆會造成本體感覺的下降。兩種跳躍方式，對三個關節角度之本體感覺有不同影響，可能因此而增加在不同關節角度下，膝關節發生受傷的機率。

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to compare the strength and proprioception of the knee joint after one and half minutes counter movement and squat jumping, and to compare the influence of muscle fatigue on proprioception in different knee angles after counter movement jump and squat jump. Methods: Subjects were eighteen senior high school basketball players. Different jumping protocols included one and half minutes of counter movement and squat jumping. A metronome was used to control jumping speed at 60 times/minute. Isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure quadriceps strength at speed of 60°/sec and 180°/sec. Electrogoniometer was used to measure absolute reposition errors of knee joint which represent knee proprioception. The starting angle was knee flexion 15°, the target angle was knee flexion 30°, 45°, and 60°. Results: The total work of quadriceps decreased 48% and 44% after squat jumping, 35% and 34% after counter movement jump at speed of 60°/sec and 180°/sec. Absolute reposition errors were 1.74°, 2.19°, and 1.98° before squat jumping, and 4.58°, 5.95°, 8.46°, after squat jumping for knee flexion 30°, 45°, 60°. Absolute reposition errors were 1.56°, 1.97°, and 2.33° before counter movement jumping, and 6.76°, 7.43°, 5.55°, after counter movement jumping for knee flexion 30°, 45°, 60°.There were significant differences of reposition errors after both jumping protocols(p＜.05). Proprioception decreased after both jumping protocols. There were significant differences of reposition errors between two jumping protocols in knee flexion 30°, 45°, and 60°(p＜.05). The proprioception of counter movement jump was worse than squat jump for knee flexion 30°, 45°, and squat jump were worse than counter movement jump for knee flexion 60°.Conclusion: Two different jumping exercises decreased proprioception due to muscle fatigue. Two jumping protocol could induce different knee proprioception performance in three different knee angles. It led to increased knee injury rates in different joint angles.

目 錄

第一章 緒論--------------------------------------- 1

第一節 研究背景與動機------------------------------------ 1
第二節 研究目的-------------------------------------------- 4

第三節 研究假設-------------------------------------------- 5
第四節 研究範圍與限制------------------------------------ 6
第五節 名詞解釋及操作性定義---------------------------- 7

第二章 文獻探討--------------------------------- 9

第一節 本體感覺受器的分類與功能----------------------- 9
第二節 跳躍運動對於膝關節之影響----------------------- 14
第三節 不同關節角度對本體感覺功能之影響------------ 18
第四節 本體感覺測量方法之探討------------------------- 20
第五節 文獻總結-------------------------------------------- 22

第三章 研究方法--------------------------------- 23

第一節 研究對象-------------------------------------------- 23
第二節 實驗地點與時間------------------------------------ 24
第三節 實驗設備與器材------------------------------------ 24
第四節 實驗設計與步驟------------------------------------ 28
第五節 資料收集與統計分析------------------------------- 32

第四章 結果---------------------------------------------33
第一節 跳躍運動前後對大腿股四頭肌作功之影響------ 33
第二節 跳躍運動前後對膝關節絕對誤差角度之影響---- 37
第三節 不同跳躍運動與不同膝關節角度絕對誤差值
之關係----------------------------------------------- 40

第五章 討論----------------------------------------------43
第一節 跳躍運動前後對大腿股四頭肌作功之影響------- 43
第二節 跳躍運動前後對膝關節絕對誤差角度之影響---- 45
第三節 不同跳躍運動與不同膝關節角度絕對誤差值
之關係----------------------------------------------- 47

第六章 結論與建議------------------------------- 49

參考文獻---------------------------------------------51

附錄--------------------------------------------------57
一 受試者同意書-------------------------------------- 57
二 受試者基本資料------------------------------------ 60
三 跳躍前後肌肉作功值------------------------------- 61
四 跳躍前後絕對誤差值------------------------------- 65


表 目 錄

表 3-1 受測者資本資料敘述性統計---------------------------- 23
表 4-1 跳躍運動前後對大腿肌肉作功之t考驗分析比較表-- 34
表 4-2 角速度60度/秒時，兩種跳躍方式對大腿肌肉作功
之共變數分析摘要表--------------------------------- 35
表 4-3 角速度180度/秒時，兩種跳躍方式對大腿肌肉作功
之共變數分析摘要表------------------------------------ 35
表 4-4 屈膝跳躍運動前後對絕對誤差角度之t考驗分析比
較表---------------------------------------------------------- 38
表 4-5 直膝跳躍運動前後對絕對誤差角度之t考驗分析比
較表---------------------------------------------------------- 39
表 4-6 目標角度為膝關節彎曲30度時，兩種跳躍方式對
膝關節絕對誤差值之共變數分析摘要表-------------- 41
表 4-7 目標角度為膝關節彎曲45度時，兩種跳躍方式對
膝關節絕對誤差值之共變數分析摘要表-------------- 41
表 4-8 目標角度為膝關節彎曲60度時，兩種跳躍方式對
膝關節絕對誤差值之共變數分析摘要表-------------- 42



圖 目 錄

圖 2-1 高基氏肌腱器----------------------------------------- 10
圖 2-2 肌梭--------------------------------------------------- 10
圖 2-3 股四頭肌腿後肌共同收縮的前十字韌帶緊張程度與
膝關節彎曲角度關係圖------------------------- 15
圖 2-4 韌帶在往覆受力-放鬆的實驗----------------------------- 17
圖 3-1 等速測力器----------------------------------- 25
圖 3-2 電子量角器-------------------------------------------- 26
圖 3-3 多功能訊號紀錄系統--------------------------------- 26
圖 3-4 主動膝關節角度復位--------------------------------- 27
圖 4-1 跳躍運動前後之肌肉作功比較圖------------------------ 36
圖 4-2 屈膝跳躍運動前後對三個膝關節角度絕對誤差值比
較圖---------------------------------------------------------- 38
圖 4-3 直膝跳躍運動前後對三個膝關節角度絕對誤差值比
較圖---------------------------------------------------- 39
圖 4-4 兩種跳躍方式前後對三個膝關節角度絕對誤差值比
較圖---------------------------------------------------- 42

參考文獻

一、中文部分

1.李翠英(民92)：八十八及八十九學年度高中甲組籃球聯賽運動傷害受傷部位之探討。大專體育。68，182-187頁。
2.林洋卿(民88)：大專院校男子甲組第一級籃球選手運動傷害調查研究。中華體育。13(3)，37-44頁。
3.林順萍、陳俊忠(民82)：田徑訓練對國小六年級學生神經傳導速度動作反應時間、敏捷性及瞬發力之影響。國立體育學院論叢。3(2)，171-189頁。
4.周鴻、陳重佑、涂瑞洪(民86)：膝韌帶與其機械性刺激接受器的生物力學探討。台灣師大體育研究。4，121-138頁。
5.宣正(民88)：NBA體能訓練法。台北縣：科正。
6.詹美華(民91)：膝關節本體感覺功能之比較。物理治療。27(1)，18-24頁。
7.盧鼎厚、韓世真(民84)：提高淺蹲彈跳起跳能力的肌肉工作分析。北京體育大學學報。18(2)，20-25頁。

二、英文部分

1.Akeson, W.H., Woo, S.L.Y., Gomez, M,A., (1981). The time and history-dependent visoelatic properties of the canine medial collateral ligament. Journal of Biomechanical Engi-neering. 103, 293-298
2.Allegrucci, M., Whitney, S.L., Lephart, S.M., Lrrgang, J.J., Fu, F,H. (1995). Shoulder kinesthesia in healthy unilateral athletics participating in upper extremity sports. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 21(4), 220-226
3.Arm, S.W., Pope, M.H., Johnson, R.J., Fis-cher, R.A., Arvidsson, I., ＆ Eriksson, E. (1984). The biomechanics of anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation and reconstruction. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 12, 8-18.
4.Barrack, R.L., Lund, P.J., and Skinner, H.B. (1994). Knee joint proprioception revisited. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 3, 18-42
5.Birrer, B.R. (1994). Sport Medicine for the Primary Care Physician. Florida, USA, CRC Press Inc
6.Borsa, P.A., Lephart, S.M., Kocher, M.S., and Lephart, S.P. (1994). Functional assessment and rehabilitation of shoulder proprioception for glenohumeral instability. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 3, 84-104
7.Bosco, C., and Luhtanen, P., and Komi, P.V. (1983). A Simple Mathod for Measurement of Mechanical Power in Jumping. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 50, 273-282
8.Carpenter, J.E., Blasier, R.B., Pellizzon, G,G. (1998). The effects of muscle fatigue on shoulder joint position sense. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(2), 262-265
9.Clark, F.J., and Burgess, P. R. (1975). Slowly adapting receptors in cat knee joint: ca they singal joint angle? Journal of Neurophysiology,38,1448-1463
10.Clark, F.J., Burgess, R.C., Chaplin, J.W., and Lipscomb, W.T. (1985). Role of intra-musculareceptors in the awareness of limb position. Journal of neurophysiology, 54, 1529-1540
11.Gandevia, S.C., Hall, L.A., McCloskey, D.I., and Potter, E.K. (1983). Proprioceptive sensation at the terminal joint of the middle finger.Journal of Physiology, 335, 507-517
12.Guyton, A.C. (1992). Human Physiology and mechanisms of disease (5 ed.), Pennsylvania: W.B. Saunders Company
13.Higgins, M.J., Perrin, D.H. (1997). Comparison of weight-Bearing amd Non- weight-Bearing condition on knee joint Reposition Sense. Human kinetic Publishers, 327-334
14.Hippe, M., Flint, A. Lee, R.K.(1993). University basketball injuries: a five years study of women's and men's varsity teams. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 3, 117-121
15.Host, J.G., & Ellfeldt, H.J. (1986). Basketball Injuries. In: Nicholas JA medicine St. Louis: Mosby, 1440-1460
16.Hotton, R.S., Nelson, D.L. (1986). Stretch sensitivity of Golgi tendon organs in fatigued gastrocnemius muscle. Medicine & Science in Sports, 18, 69-74
17.Janwantanakul, P, Magarey, M.E., Jones, M.R., Dansie, B.R. (2001). Variation in shoulder position sense at mid and extreme range of motion. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 82, 840-844
18.Lattanzio, P.J., Petrella, R.J., Sproule, L.R. and Fowler, P.J. (1997). Effects of fatigue on knee proprioception. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 7, 22-27
19.Lephart, S.M., Pincivero, D.M., Giraldo, J.L., and Fu, F.H. (1997). The role of proprioception in the management and rehabilitation of athletic injuries. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 25(1), 130-137
20.Marks, R., and Quinney, H.A. (1993). Effect of fatiguing maximal isokinetic quadriceps contractions on ability to estimate knee position. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 77, 1195-1202
21.Newton, R.A., (1982). Joint receptor contributions to reflexive and kinesthetic responses. Physical Therapy, 62(1), 22-29
22.Noyes, F.R., Mooar, P.A., Matthews, D.S. et al., (1983). The symptomatic anterior cruciate-deficient knee: The long-term functional disability in athletically active individuals. The journal of bone and joint surgery , 65, 154-162
23.Pincivero, D.M., Bachmeier, B., and Coelho, A.J. (2001). The effects of joint angle and reliability on knee proprioception. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33(10), 1708-1712
24.Renstrom, P., Arms, S.W., Stanwyke, T.S., Johnson, R.J., ＆ Pope, M.H. (1986). The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 14, 83-87
25.Roberts, D., Ageberg, E., Andersson, G., Friden, T. (2003). Effects of short-term cycling on knee joint proprioception in healthy young persons. American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, 31(6), 990-994
26.Rowinski, M.J. (1997). Neurobiology for orthopedic and sports physical therapy. In T.R. Malone, T.G. McPoil, & A.J. Nitz(3 ed.), Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy, St. Louis: Mosby, Inc
27.Rozzi, S.L., Lephart, S.M., Gear, W.S., Fu, F.H. (1999). Knee joint laxity and neuromuscular characteristics of male and female soccer and basketball players. American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, 27(3), 312-319
28.Saxton, J.M., Clarkson, P.M., James, R., Miles, M., Westerfer, M., Clark, S., and Donnelly, A.E. (1995). Neuromuscular dysfunction fillowing eccentric exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports Exercise, 27(8), 1185-1193
29.Sherrington, C.S. (1906). The integrative action of the nervous system. Yale University Press, New Haven
30.Sterner, R.L., Pincivero, D.M., Lephart, S.M. (1998). The effects of muscular fatigue on shoulder proprioception. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 8(2), 96-101
31.Steiner, M.E., Grana, W.A., Chillag, K., Schelberg-karnes, E.(1986). The effect of exercise on anter-posterior knee laxity. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 14(1), 24-29
32.Volight, M.L., Hardin, J.A., Blackburn, T.A., Tippett, S., and Canner, G.C. (1996). The effects of muscle fatigue on and the relation of arm dominance to shoulder proprioception. The Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 23(6), 348-352
33.Whiteside, P.A., (1980). Men's and Women's injuries in comparable sports. Physician Sports medicine, 8(3), 130-140
34.Wilk, k.e., Zheng, N., Fleisig, G.S., Andrews, J.R., Clancy, W.G. (1997). Kinetic chain exercise：Implications for the anterior cruciate ligament patient. Human Kinetics publishers. 139-143
35.Zelisko, J.A., Nobel, H.B., and Porter, M. (1982) A comparison of men's and women's professional basketball injuries. The American Journal Society for Sports Medicine,10,297-299