臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出之使用智慧卡之離線式電子錢幣付款系統是以電子錢幣付款系統為基礎，搭配智慧卡來設計一套架構以實現離線式交易驗證、資料的安全儲存、錢幣可轉移性、即時防止電子錢幣重複花用、交易的不可中斷性等特性。且本論文所提出之系統將不同於以往的電子錢幣系統，設計原則以簡單、安全為考量，屏除過於複雜的設計，是為網際網路購物的另一種新的選擇。
在本論文中，我們利用智慧卡來儲存私密資料與進行加解密運算，並且透過Nonce技術來防止電子錢幣重複花用。利用離線的交易驗證，不需要透過銀行來進行驗證，以降低通訊時的延遲。並且設計了交易不可中斷的通訊協定，讓每次交易的結果正確無誤。本論文所提出的系統是可點對點轉移有價值的資訊的系統，因此不但可以在網路上使用，亦可透過個人與個人來傳送有價值的資訊。
離線式交易驗證、即時防止電子錢幣重複花用、交易的不可中斷性是本論文最大特色之一，但在過去的文獻探討並沒有完整的討論這些特性，都只針對單一議題來作討論，這樣是不夠的，因為在付款系統中的每一個環節都是重要的，故本論文將首先提出一個不同以往的文獻探討的系統，將付款系統的每一個環節來作討論，並且建構一個完整的架構，以供讀者更容易瞭解。

We propose a payment system based on electronic cash payment system that can offline transactio,avoid double spending immediately,transfer e-cash to other,transfer encrypted data safely to other and store privated data safely in smart card.Our system is different from proposed payment systems.it is very sample and safe.
In our system,we store private data and encryp/decrypte data in smart card.When merchant get e-cash from user,merchant don’t need send bank then.Merchant can validate e-cash himself and can reduce bank’s load,communication time delay.Using our system,we can transfer valuable information from one to another face to face and can transfer valuable information via network.
Our system can avoid double spending immediately because we design a good mechanism during transaction.It is very important that we get transaction result correctly when finishing transaction.Therefore,we also design a protocol that can’t break （transaction result correctly）during transaction.When merchant get much money,he can use on-line transaction by assigning.Our system is more flexible.
Offline transacion,avoiding double spending immediately and atomization are the most specific features in our system.this features is very important to payment systems.Because past papers didn’t discuss this features altogether,we research and propose the solution to problem exhaustively in our system.Our system,Off-line Electronic Cash Payment System Based on Smart Card,is an other way for past payment systems.

一 、緒論...............................................1
1.1研究背景與動機 .......................................1
1.2研究目的.............................................2
1.3章節概要.............................................4
二、相關文獻探討.........................................5
2.1電子交易付款系統概觀..................................5
2.1.1 以付款機制區分.....................................5
2.1.1.1線上信用卡付款系統................................5
2.1.1.2電子錢幣付款系統..................................5
2.1.1.3電子支票付款系統(帳戶型付款系統)...................6
2.1.2 以付款金額大小區分.................................6
2.1.2.1大額交易系統（Macropayment systems）..............6
2.1.2.2小額交易系統（Micropayment systems）..............7
2.2電子錢幣設計原則簡介..................................7
2.3電子錢幣系統簡介.....................................10
2.3.1 Ecash電子錢幣....................................11
2.3.2 CyberCoin 電子錢幣交易系統........................17
2.3.3 Mondex 電子錢幣交易系統...........................18
2.4智慧卡簡介..........................................18
三、使用智慧卡之離線式電子錢幣付款系統設計................21
3.1系統特色............................................21
3.1.1利用智慧卡達到資料儲存的安全性......................23
3.1.2 離線交易驗證.....................................23
3.1.3 交易的不可中斷性.................................23
3.1.4 即時防止電子錢幣的重複花用........................25
3.1.5電子錢幣可轉移性..................................25
3.1.6利用A / B Key 機制達到 Key Renew..................25
3.2系統架構...........................................26
3.2.1 系統架構圖......................................26
3.2.2 系統使用之符號說明...............................28
3.2.3 系統運作機制.....................................31
3.2.3.1卡片認證.......................................32
3.2.3.2 A / B Key 交換機制............................33
3.2.3.2.1更換銀行的公開金鑰............................34
3.2.3.2.2更換使用者的電子憑證（公開金鑰）................35
3.2.3.2.3更換銀行識別碼（KMN）.........................36
3.2.3.3更換電子錢幣....................................37
3.2.3.3.1銀行的公開金鑰過期............................38
3.2.3.3.2銀行的私密金鑰被破解..........................38
3.2.3.3.3電子錢幣過期.................................40
3.2.3.3.4智慧卡中的銀行識別碼（KMN）被破解..............41
3.2.3.4即時防止重複花用（Double-Spending）.............42
3.2.3.5交易的不可中斷性................................43
3.2.3.6 Timestamps...................................46
3.2.3.7離線式產生大量的電子錢幣........................46
3.3交易流程運作.......................................47
3.3.1 交易流程........................................49
3.3.1.1 PhaseA取得智慧卡..............................49
3.3.1.2 PhaseB購買電子錢幣流程.........................50
3.3.1.3 PhaseC付款流程................................52
3.3.1.3.1 離線式付款..................................52
3.3.1.3.2 個人對個人付款...............................53
3.3.1.3.3 即時回存電子錢幣付款.........................53
3.3.1.4 PhaseD入賬流程................................55
四、系統模型設計與分析..................................57
4.1系統實作目標........................................57
4.2系統模型設計環境與假設...............................57
4.3實作問題與考量......................................58
4.4系統操作與介面......................................59
五、結論與未來展望.....................................67
5.1 結論..............................................67
5.2 未來展望..........................................67
參考文獻..............................................69

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http://www.cybercash.com
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Cryptology — Proceeding of Crypto 91,1992, pp.324-337
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[14] Donal O’mahony, Michael Peirce, Hitesh Tewari, “Electronic payment systems”, Copyright © 1997 Artech House, Inc.