臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主要在探討適合於配電業之費率模式。基本上，傳統被認為具有自然獨占性質的電力產業，已逐漸分解為發電、輸電、配電業等不同的市場結構，並依據市場開放競爭的程度區分為：發電市場開放競爭、電力代輸與電力庫等三種型態。台灣目前正處於發電市場開放競爭的階段，未來將邁向電力代輸與電力庫型態。
Seeto、Woo與Horowitz（1997）認為配電業的費率模式，採用二部定價法優於時間定價法。因此，本研究所要探討的問題有兩點：1)二部定價法是否優於時間定價法？2)是否還有更適合的定價方法？
本研究採用歸納的方式，從定價理論及實證研究的文獻中，驗證Seeto、Woo與Horowitz（1997）的論點，並以一個簡單的模型，模擬分析不同的費率對DisCos利潤之影響，以評估哪一種費率模式最佳。
研究結果發現，二部定價法是否優於時間定價法，要視用戶的負載型態變異的程度，以及費率的設計而定。而「時間定價法結合二部定價法」為更適合的定價方法，且已為傳統綜合電業的台灣電力公司，現行採用的費率模式之一。

The purpose of the thesis is to explore a suitable rate structure for an electricity distribution company. The traditional electricity industry is gradually restructuring to tree different market segments: generation, transmission networks, and distribution system.
Seeto, Woo, and Horowitz (1997) proposed that two-part tariffs is more suitable than time-of-use (TOU) pricing for distribution companies （DisCos）. Therefore, the research questions of the thesis are: 1) Whether TOU pricing is suitable for DisCos or not. 2) Are there any suitable pricing model?
A deduction method was applied in the research, to compare Seeto's viewpoint with the literature. Then, a simple simulation model was applied to analyze the relationship between rate structures and DisCo's profit, to evaluate which rate structure is the best one.
The main findings are: Whether TOU pricing is suitable for DisCos or not, depend on the consumption profile of customer, and the design of the rate structure. However, The mixes rate structure of TOU and two-tariffs, would be more suitable for DisCos, and is implemented by the traditional electric utility in Taiwan.

目錄 v
圖表目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2研究目的 2
1.3文獻探討 3
1.4研究架構與方法 9
1.5論文架構 10
第二章 電力產業發展趨勢 12
2.1傳統電力產業結構型態 13
2.2發電市場開放競爭型態 15
2.3電力代輸型態 16
2.4電力庫型態 21
2.5配電部門之產業結構：英國之經驗 25
第三章 公用事業費率模式 .29
3.1邊際成本定價法 30
3.2平均成本定價法（報酬率制 31
3.3RAMSEY定價法 33
3.4價格上限制 34
3.5二部定價法 39
3.6優先服務 45
3.7尖離定價法（時間定價法 51
3.8即時電價法 57
第四章 電力代輸費率模式 59
4.1輸電成本 59
4.2輸電定價理論 61
4.3台灣電力代輸費率規劃現況 69
第五章 配電業之費率模式 71
5.1配電成本之估算 71
5.2綜合電業費率模式的實證研究 77
5.3配電業可採行之費率模式84
第六章 模擬分析 99
6.1用電型態 99
6.2採用單一費率 101
6.3採用時間定價法 103
6.4採用二部定價法 105
6.5結合二部定價法與時間定價法 107
6.6討論 109
第七章 結論與建議 119
7.1模擬結果分析 119
7.2結合二部定價法與時間定價法 120
7.3未來研究 122
參考文獻 124
圖表目錄
圖 1.1研究架構 10
圖 2.1 傳統電力產業型態 15
圖 2.2 躉售代輸型態 17
圖 2.3 零售代輸型態 18
圖 2.4 電力庫模式之躉售代輸型態22
圖 2.5 電力庫模式之零售代輸型態22
圖 3.1 公用事業管制的模式 32
圖 3.2 平均成本定價法的社會福利41
圖 3.3 消費者在二部定價法的選擇模型 43
圖 3.4 二部定價法模型 45
圖 3.5 現貨定價法的供需曲線 51
圖 3.6 電力負載持續曲線53
圖 3.7 WENDERS尖離定價模型 55
圖 4.1 節點定價模型 65
圖 4.2 節點能量損失與定價 66
圖 5.1 邊際配電容量成本之估算流程 75
圖 5.2 多區塊費率結構下之尖離峰用電量 80
圖 5.3 受限制的二部定價法與價格上限制 94
圖 5.4 歧視的二部定價法98
圖 6.1 住宅用戶之日負載圖 100
圖 6.2 工業用戶之日負載圖 100
圖 6.3 採用單一費率之日負載圖 101
圖 6.4 採用時間定價法之日負載圖103
圖 6.5 採用二部定價法之日負載圖107
圖 6.6 結合二部定價法與時間定價法 109
圖 6.7費率模式、負載率與預期利潤 114
表 2.1 英國配電公司概況-1996/9728
表5.1 選擇費率模式之衡量指標 87
表6.1 各種費率之預期效率比較表 111
表6.2 DISCOS的預期利潤（負載率為60%）112
表6.3 DISCOS的預期利潤（負載率為100%） 113
表6.4 DISCOS的預期利潤（負載率為60%，且超約用電20%） 115
表7.1 電力產業之費率模式 121

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