臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究採用經確認具有鹼質反應活性的台東地區粒料，調整不同的水泥含鹼量，以飛灰、水淬爐石粉取代不同比例水泥量，並在高鹼含量的飛灰試體中額外添加鋰/鈉莫耳比為1的氫氧化鋰，製作7.5×7.5×28.5cm的混凝土角柱試體，經28天的初期養治後，分別將試體置於溫度38℃100% 相對溼度，浸泡於2.1%、3.5% 和4.9% 鹽水及1N NaOH溶液中，以觀察不同環境對以飛灰、水淬爐石粉抑制混凝土鹼質與粒料反應成效的影響。
研究結果顯示若使用非活性粒料，即使混凝土具有高鹼質含量，仍不會發生鹼質與粒料反應。若混凝土使用活性粒料，以飛灰取代20% 以上水泥、水淬爐石粉取代50% 以上水泥，在不同環境下可有效的抑制鹼質與粒料反應，飛灰取代量愈高，其抑制效果愈好。對未經適當抑制處理的混凝土，環境中的鹼質濃度愈高，試體的膨脹量愈大。以飛灰取代水泥抑制鹼質與粒料反應，應綜合考量混凝土中的鹼質含量與環境的鹼質濃度。

This study is to evaluate the environmental effects on inhibition of alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) by using fly ash and slag to replace a portion of cement and lithium hydroxide. Reactive aggregate, cement adjusted to have different alkali content, and replacement of different portion of cement by fly ash and slag were mixed to make 2.5×2.5×28.5cm concrete prisms. After 28 days initial curing, the prisms were cured in five different environments including containers with 100% relative humidity, soaked in 2.1%, 3.5%, and 4.9% NaCl solutions, as well as in 1N NaOH solution at 38℃.
Test results showed that the use of non-reactive aggregate was effective to inhibit AAR even in high alkali content concrete. The use of fly ash to replace more than 20% cement and slag to replace more than 50% cement could inhibit AAR expansion in any environments studied. The effectiveness of AAR inhibition was improved with increasing fly ash and slag replacement. In extremely high alkali content concrete, the use of fly ash and slag might not be sufficient to inhibit AAR expansion. If the concrete was not properly treated to inhibit AAR, the amount of expansion was increased with increasing the alkali concentration in the environment. The strategy of using fly ash and slag to inhibit AAR should consider the alkali content both in the concrete and in the environments.

第一章 緒論1
1-1 研究動機1
1-2 研究目的1
第二章 文獻回顧3
2-1 鹼質與粒料反應之種類3
2-1-1 鹼-氧化矽反應3
2-1-2 鹼-碳酸鹽反應3
2-1-3 鹼-矽酸鹽反應4
2-2 鹼-氧化矽反應概說4
2-2-1 鹼-氧化矽反應過程6
2-2-2 鹼的來源7
2-2-3 活性粒料8
2-3 影響鹼-氧化矽反應的因素10
2-3-1 水泥含鹼量10
2-3-2 水灰比11
2-3-3 反應活性粒料的含量12
2-3-4 反應活性粒料的粒徑12
2-3-5 溼度13
2-3-6 溫度14
2-3-7 含鹼質環境15
2-3-8 附加劑15
2-3-9 摻料16
2-4 飛灰16
2-4-1 燃煤飛灰17
2-4-2 棕櫚油灰17
2-4-3 取代量與膨脹量的關係17
2-5 爐石18
2-5-1 水淬爐石粉19
2-5-2 取代量與膨脹量的關係19
2-6 鹼-氧化矽反應特徵20
2-6-1 外部特徵20
2-6-2 內部特徵23
2-7 抑制鹼-氧化矽反應的方法24
2-7-1 選擇粒料24
2-7-2 控制含鹼量24
2-7-3 隔離水分25
2-7-4 改變膠體性質25
2-8 模型模擬26
2-9 ASR相關規範27
2-9-1 ASTM C22727
2-9-2 ASTM C28927
2-9-3 ASTM C29527
2-9-4 ASTM C126028
2-9-5 ASTM C129328
2-9-6 水泥混凝土協會提供的方法28
2-9-7 CSA A23.2-14A29
2-9-8 NBRI提供的方法29
2-9-9 BS 81229
第三章 試驗規劃30
3-1 試驗流程30
3-2 試驗材料31
3-2-1 水泥31
3-2-2 飛灰31
3-2-3 水淬爐石粉31
3-2-4 粒料31
3-2-5 化學藥品32
3-3 混凝土配比35
3-4 含鹼量計算35
3-5 實驗配比36
3-5-1 水泥36
3-5-2 飛灰37
3-5-3 水淬爐石粉37
3-5-4 氫氧化鋰37
3-5-5 環境配置38
3-5-6 配比組合38
3-6 試驗儀器設備40
3-7 試驗項目及步驟50
3-7-1 岩相分析法50
3-7-2 粒料活性化學檢驗法50
3-7-2-1檢量曲線製作50
3-7-2-2量測矽濃度(Sc)51
3-7-2-3量測溶液消耗之鹼量(Rc)52
3-7-3 水泥砂漿棒膨脹試驗法53
3-7-3-1 器具54
3-7-3-2 溫度及濕度54
3-7-3-3 材料選擇54
3-7-3-4 水泥之選擇55
3-7-3-5 試驗步驟55
3-7-4 水泥混凝土柱膨脹試驗法56
3-7-5 試體處理程序56
3-7-6 抗壓試驗56
3-7-7 掃瞄式電子顯微鏡之觀測及能量分布擷取器分析57
3-7-7-1 掃描式電子顯微鏡57
3-7-7-2 能量微區分析儀57
3-7-8 X光繞射分析試驗58
3-7-9 壓汞式孔隙分析59
第四章 結果與討論60
4-1 混凝土試體膨脹量分析60
4-1-1 不同含鹼量對鹼質與粒料反應的探討60
4-1-2 添加飛灰對抑制鹼質與粒料反應的成效分析63
4-1-2-1 相同含鹼量時、不同飛灰取代量對抑制鹼質與粒料反應的成效分析63
4-1-2-2 相同飛灰取代量時、不同含鹼量對抑制鹼質與粒料反應的成效分析64
4-1-3 添加水淬爐石粉對抑制鹼質與粒料反應的成效分析72
4-1-3-1 相同含鹼量、不同水淬爐石粉取代量對抑制鹼質與粒料反應的成效分析72
4-1-3-2 相同水淬爐石粉取代量、不同含鹼量對抑制鹼質與粒料反應的成效分析73
4-1-4 添加氫氧化鋰及飛灰對抑制鹼質與粒料反應的成效分析80
4-1-5 環境因素對混凝土中鹼質與粒料反應之影響分析85
4-1-5-1 環境因素對添加飛灰之混凝土試體抑制鹼質與粒料反應之影響分析85
4-1-5-2 環境因素對添加水淬爐石粉之混凝土試體抑制鹼質與粒料反應之影響分析86
4-1-5-3 環境因素對添加氫氧化鋰之混凝土試體抑制鹼質與粒料反應之影響分析87
4-2 抗壓強度98
4-3 微觀分析103
4-3-1 X.R.D. 分析103
4-3-2 S.E.M. 及 E.D.S. 分析109
4-3-3 M.I.P. 孔隙分析115
第五章 結論與建議118
5-1 結論118
5-2 建議119
參考文獻120

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