臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要
為探討持續性與間歇性運動訓練對大鼠骨骼發展的影響，以36隻週齡為7週，品系為Wistar的雄性大鼠，隨機分派至持續運動組、間歇運動組以及控制組。以跑步機為訓練工具，實施為期8週、每週五天的跑步訓練，二組運動組於第一週之跑步速度均為12m/min並持續20分鐘，之後漸進增加強度至第八週，此時，持續運動組以22m/min速度連續跑60分鐘，間歇運動組以30m/min的速度進行9回合之間歇訓練，就訓練量（總跑步距離）而言，兩組跑步距離（訓練量）相同。
以單因子變異數分析進行各組間下列變項的比較：（1）脛骨與股骨之骨質密度；（2）分析近端脛骨之骨骨后區、第一海綿骨區、第二海綿骨區的骨量比率（3）分析比目魚肌之檸檬酸合成酉每活性。
研究結果指出，運動訓練結束後控制組之體重（473.10±31.55g）高於持續跑步組（402.44±47.56 g）以及高於間歇跑步組（405.55±23.33 g），並達顯著差異（p< .05），而比目魚肌檸檬酸合成酉每活性隨運動訓練而上升，二組運動組的比目魚肌檸檬酸合成酉每活性均顯著高於控制組。於骨量比率部份三組並無差異；於全股骨中，控制組之骨密度顯著高於持續跑步組，全脛骨則無差異。
本實驗顯示大鼠的體重與骨質密度以及骨質含量呈現高相關的關係，且透過運動的實施會減少體重的增加幅度，然而運動組亦可能因體重較低而導致對於骨骼系統發展有較小的效果。
關鍵詞：骨骼發展、運動、持續性訓練、間歇式訓練

To investigate the effects of endurance training and interval training on bone developments, thirty-two Wistar rats (7-wk old) were randomly assigned into three groups: Endurance training group, Interval training group, and Control group. Animals of exercise groups were trained on the treadmill 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Training began at 12 m/min (20 min) and progressively increased to 22 m/min (60 min) for Endurance training group and 30m/min (9 sets, 4 minites and 53 secounds per set) for Interval training group. The training distance was the same in both of the two exercise groups. The variables among groups analyzed by one-way anova included: (1) bone mineral density (BMD) of femur and tibia; (2) bone volume ratio (BVR) in epiphysis, primary spongiosa, and secondary spongiosa of proximal tibia; (3) citrate synthase (CS) activities of soleus.
The results were found as the following: (1)The body weights of Control group were significantly higher than two exercise groups. (2) The CS activities were significantly higher in Endurance group and Interval group than that of Control group. (3) The BVR was not significantly different among three groups. (4) The control group had significantly higher BMD in total femur than endurance group. But there was no difference in total tibia among groups. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between body weight and BMD or BMC. The less body weight caused by endurance and interval training might contribute to less effect on the bone development of the rats.
Keywords: bone development, exercise, endurance training, interval training

前序部分
口試委員與系主任簽字證書………………………………i
授權書………………………………………………………ii
中文摘要……………………………………………………iii
英文摘要……………………………………………………iv
謝誌…………………………………………………………v
目次…………………………………………………………vi
圖次…………………………………………………………viii
表次……………………………………………………………ix
本文部分
第壹章 緒論
第一節 問題背景………………………………………………1
第二節 研究目的………………………………………………3
第三節 研究範圍………………………………………………3
第四節 名詞操作性定義………………………………………3
第五節 研究的重要性…………………………………………4
第貳章 文獻探討
第一節 骨組織的構造與生理…………………………………5
第二節 骨骼之生長……………………………………………8
第三節 運動對骨骼的影響……………………………………9
第參章 研究方法與步驟
第一節 實驗動物………………………………………………14
第二節 實驗設計………………………………………………14
第三節 實驗方法與步驟………………………………………16
第四節 統計分析與顯著水準…………………………………18
第肆章結果
第一節 體重與肌肉中酉每之活性……………………………19
第二節骨骼發展………………………………………………23
第伍章討論與結論
第一節運動與體重…………………………………………29
第二節運動與檸檬酸合成酉每活性………………………29
第三節骨質密度與骨質含量………………………………30
第四節骨骼組織形態、骨骼外形…………………………34
第五節結論與建議…………………………………………36
參考文獻
中文部份……………………………………………………………38
西文部份……………………………………………………………39
圖 次
圖一、訓練週次與大鼠體重變化…………………………21
圖二、三組大鼠於不同肌肉中之CS活性…………………22
圖三、三組大鼠於股骨與脛骨之骨質密度
………………………………………………………27
圖四、三組大鼠於股骨與脛骨之骨質含量
………………………………………………………28
圖五、大鼠體重與骨質密度、骨質含量相關圖
………………………………………………………33
表 次
表1 大鼠8週運動訓練計畫……………………………15
表2 訓練週次與各組大鼠體重…………………………20
表3 三組大鼠之比目魚肌與伸趾長肌中檸檬酸合成酉每活性……………………………………………………22
表4 三組大鼠之股骨與脛骨之長、寬、厚度
………………………………………………………24
表5 三組大鼠骨量比率…………………………………25
表6 三組大鼠於各部位之骨質密度…………………26
表7 三組大鼠骨質含量（BMC）………………………27
後篇部份
附錄一 大鼠體重原始資料………………………………42
附錄二 肌肉中檸檬酸合成酉每活性原始資料…………43
附錄三 大鼠骨骼外形原始資料…………………………44
附錄四 大鼠骨量比率（BVR）原始資料………………45
附錄五 大鼠骨小樑厚度原始資料………………………46
附錄六 大鼠骨質密度與骨質含量原始資料……………47

中文部份
賴祐平。（1996）。基礎骨科學。台北市︰藝軒圖書出版社。
林志聰、吳建宗、李建明、陳顯瑩、黃正仁、梁文雄、高丕霖。（1993）。
組織學。台北市︰藝軒圖書出版社。
游詳明。（1995）。組織學。台北市︰藝軒圖書出版社。
李文森。（1991）。解剖生理學（二版）。台北市︰華杏出版股份有限公司。
黃建蘭。（1997）。骨質疏鬆症面面觀。父母親月刊，148，57-65。
郭素菁。（1997）。拒絕骨質疏鬆症（二版）。台北市︰方志出版社。
張豐麟、黃滄海、謝伸裕、楊榮森、方進隆、林嘉志。（2000）。不同強度的耐力運動訓練對大鼠海綿骨結構的影響。中華民國體育學會八十九年度大會手冊（p.57）。台北市：中華民國體育學會。
西文部份
Bourrin, S., Genty, C., Palle, S., Gharib, C., & Alexandre, C. (1994). Adverse effect of strenuous exercise : A densitometric and histomorphometric study in the rat. Journal of Applied Physiology,76(5),1999-2005.
Chamay, A. & Tschantz, P. (1972). Mechanical influence in bone remodeling. Experimental research on Wolff’s law. Journal of Biomechanics,5,173-180.
Dook, J. E., James, C., Henderson, N. K., & Price, R. I. (1997). Exercise and bone mineral density in mature female athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,29(3),291-296.
Grimston, S. K., Willows, N. D., & Hanley, D. A. (1993). Mechanical loading regime and its relationship to bone mineral density in children. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,25(11), 1203-1210.
Hatori, M., Hasegawa, A., Adachi, H., Shinozaki, A., Hayachi, R., Okano, H., Mizunuma, H., & Murata, K. (1993). The effects of walking at the anaerobic threshold level on vertebral bone loss in postmenopausal women. Calcified Tissue International,52,411-414.
Iwamoto, J., Takeda, T., & Ichimura, S. (1998). Effects of exercise on bone mineral density in mature osteopenic rats. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research,13(8),1308-1317.
Iwamoto, J., Yeh, K., & Aloia, F. (1999). Different effect of treadmill exercise on three cancellous bone sites in the young growing rat. Bone,24(3),163-169.
Madsen, K. L., Adams, W. C., & Vanloan, M. D. (1998). Effects of physical activity, body weight and composition, and muscular strength on bone density in young women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,30(1),114-120.
Nordsletten, L., Kaastad, T. S.,Madsan, J. E., Reikeras, O., Ovstebo, R., Stromme, J. H., & Falch, J. (1994). The development of femoral osteopenia in ovariectomized rats is not reduced by high intensity treadmill training : A mechanical and densitometric study. Calcified Tissue International,55,436-442.
Nichold, D. L., Sanborn, C. F., Bonnick, S., Gench, B., & Dimarco, N.M. (1995). Relationship of regional body composition to bone mineral density in college females. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,27(2),178-182.
Parfitt, A. M., Drezner, M. K., Glorieux, F. H., Kanis, J. A., Malluche, H., Meunier, P. J., Ott, S. M., & Recker, R. R. (1987). Bone histomorphometry:standardization of nomenclature, symbols and units. Journal of Bone Mineral Research, 2, 595-610.
Rico, H., Aznar, L., Hernandez, E. R., Seco, C., Sanchez-Atrio, A., Villa, L. F., & Gervas, J. J. (1999). Effects of potassium bicarbonate Supplementation on axial and peripheral bone mass in rats on strenuous treadmill training exercise. Calcified Tissue International,65,242-245.
Shepherd, D., & Garland, P. B. (1969). Citrate synthase from rat liver. Methods Enzymology ,13, 11-16.
Teegarden, D., Proulx, W. R., Kern, M., Sedlock, D., Weaver, C. M., Johnston, C. C., & Lyle, R. M. (1996). Previous physical activity relates to bone mineral measures in young women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,28(1),105-113.
Wiel, H. E., Lips, P., Graafmans, W. C., Demielsen, C. C., Nauta, J., Lingen, A., & Mosekilde, L. (1995). Additional weight-bearing during exercise is more important than duration of exercise for anabolic stimulus of bone : A study of running exercise in female rats. Bone,16(1),73-80.
Weltmen, A., Weltmen, J. Y., Schurrer, R., Evans, W. S., Veldhuis, J. D., & Rogol, A. D. (1992). Jouranl of Applied Physiology,72(6),2188-2196.
Woitge, H. W., Friedmann, B., Suttner, S., Farahmand, I., Muller, M., Schmidt-gayk, H., Baertsch, P., Ziegler, R., & Seibel, M. J. (1998). Change in bone turnover induced by aerobic and anaerobic exercise in young males. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 13(12), 1797-1804.
Yang, R. S., Lin, T. K., Lin-Shiau, S. Y. (1993). Increased bone growth by local prostaglandin E2 in rats. Calcified Tissue International, 52(1), 57-61.
Zonderland, M. L., Bar, P. R., Reijneveld, J. C., Spruijt, B. M., Keizer, H. A., & Glatz, J. F. C.(1999). Different metabolic adaptation of heart and skeletal muscles to moderate-intensity treadmill training in the rat. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 79, 391-396.