臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

鼠魚銜科魚類為底棲性魚類，主要棲息於泥沙底環境。目前全世界共有10屬182種鼠魚銜魚 (Fricke 之分類系統)。以往傳統形態研究中，Nakabo (1982, 1983a b) 與Fricke (1983, 1986) 兩位學者雖對鼠魚銜科魚類做詳細描述並加以整理，但由於兩者之間對於「屬」的鑑定上有所差異，因此導致後人對鼠魚銜科魚類之分類與鑑種參考上有所困惑。本研究藉由野外採集與檢視典藏標本重新檢視台灣海域之鼠魚銜科魚類。另外，以粒線體和核基因之序列特徵來探討全球17屬之鼠魚銜魚 (Nakabo 之分類系統) 之親緣關係，釐清「屬」間之類緣關係。
本研究記錄台灣鼠銜科魚類共11屬26種，其中萊氏小連鰭魚銜 (Minysynchiropus laddi) 為台灣新紀錄種，另有一未描述種棘紅魚銜 (Foetorepus sp.)。沈與吳 (2011) 雖紀錄10屬37種，但內容只限於特徵描述，且其中16種因缺乏標本紀錄，故均未納入研究及分析。利用粒線體與核基因所分析的親緣關係結果，在「屬」層級之鑑定上皆顯示支持Nakabo (1982)，但不支持Nakabo (1983b) 以嘴部形態與尾舌骨差異所建構之親緣關係假說。本研究結合以往傳統形態和化石證據和分子親緣關係結果推測，鼠魚銜科魚類可能起源於古地中海。而在棲地的適應上鼠魚銜科魚類演化往深海和淺海兩個不同的棲地發展，而淺海之鼠魚銜魚又可分為偏好岩礁和偏好泥沙底環境的不同類群。

Dragonets (Callionymidae) are benthic fishes living mostly in sandy or muddy bottom. There are 182 species belonged to 10 genera worldwide. Previously the phylogenies based on morphology were reviewed by Nakabo (1982, 1983a b) and Fricke (1983, 1986), but there are still some differences on genera and species classification needed to be resolved. The aims of this study were to review dragonets in Taiwan and using both mitochondrial and nuclear genes to test generic relationship of 17 genera of callionymid.
In this study, we identified 11 genera and 26 species of dragonets in Taiwan. Among them, Minysynchiropus laddi is the Taiwanese new recorded species and an undescribed species Foetorepus sp. was also recorded. Shen and Wu (2011) listed 10 genera and 37 species, but it only described the morphological characters of each species and there are 16 species without specimen records which were tentatively excluded in the present study. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of data from both mitochondrial and nuclear genes supported the genus classification system proposed by Nakabo (1982). However, the topology didn’t support the hypothesis on the phylogeny base on the morphological characters of jaw protrusion and urohyal. Combining the molecular phylogeny with fossil evidences and morphological characters, I suggest that the origin of dragonets was from Tethys sea. The dragonets then separated into two groups one tended to live in deep sea and another in shallow habitat. The latter group splited into two lines (1) associated with rocky or coral reef; and (2) muddy or sandy bottom.

壹、 前言......................................................................................... 1
一、 鼠魚銜科魚類分類與生態介紹......................................... 1
二、 鼠魚銜科魚類研究歷史回顧與傳統形態研究................. 2
三、 鼠魚銜科魚類與其近親之親緣關係研究........................... 5
四、 分子生物技術與親緣關係研究鼠銜科魚類高階分類..... 6
五、 台灣地區鼠魚銜科魚類之研究............................................ 8
六、 實驗目的.............................................................................. 9
貳、 材料與方法............................................................................... 10
一、 標本採樣............................................................................ 10
二、 標本保存............................................................................ 11
三、 形質觀察與測量................................................................ 11
四、 DNA分子實驗.................................................................. 14
五、 DNA序列資料分析.......................................................... 19
參、 結果.......................................................................................... 21
一、 形態結果........................................................................... 21
二、 分子序列分析.................................................................. 104
肆、 討論......................................................................................... 113
一、 台灣鼠魚銜科魚類標本採樣與分類學研究..................... 113
二、 鼠魚銜科魚類分子序列分析........................................... . 114
三、 鼠魚銜科魚類分子類緣關係與過去傳統分類系統之比較116
四、 鼠魚銜科魚類演化歷史與地理之分佈........................... . 120
五、 鼠魚銜科魚類「屬」之分化與生態適應....................... . 122
六、 鼠魚銜科魚類與外群之親緣關係................................... . 125
七、 不同基因及不同親緣分析方法之比較......................... . 125
伍、 結論.......................................................................................... 127
陸、 參考文獻.................................................................................. 129

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