臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著可攜式電子產品的蓬勃發展，我們需要一個高轉換效率的電源控管晶片去延長電池的使用壽命。一般而言，基本的切換式電壓轉化器 (如：降壓型直流-直流轉換器、升壓型直流-直流轉換器) 皆無法有效的利用電池的輸出電壓特性，(以鋰電池為例：其輸出電壓為2.7 V~4.2 V之間)來產生一個穩定的輸出電壓 (如3.3 V)。在本論文中，將介紹一個以平均電流模式控制之非反向升降壓型直流-直流轉換器。此轉換器具有可以完整利用鋰電池輸出電壓特性的優點，因此可以有效的延長電池的使用時間。並且，此轉換器更同時具有高轉換效率、快速的暫態響應以及優異的抗雜訊能力等優點。
此晶片使用台灣積體電路公司0.35μm 2P4M 5V混合訊號製程，以40 S/B封裝，尺寸為1.9×1.7mm2。此轉換器輸出電壓固定為3.3 V，且在輸入電壓範圍為2.5 V ~ 5 V之間時，皆可以提供高達300 mA 的負載電流。

With the increasing use of electrical portable devices, an efficient power management solution is needed to extend battery life. Generally, basic switching regulators (e.g., buck, boost) are not capable of using the entire battery output characteristics effectively (e.g., 2.7–4.2 V for Li-ion) to provide a fixed output voltage (e.g., 3.3V). In this work, an average-current-mode non-inverting buck-boost dc-dc converter is introduced, which can use the full-range output voltage of Li-ion battery with the advantages of high power efficiency, faster transient response, and excellent noise immunity.
The die area of this chip is 1.9x1.7 , which is fabricated by using Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 0.35μm 2P4M 5V mixed-signal polycide process. The converter output is set to 3.3V, and can supply up to 300 mA load current. Its input votlage can range from 2.5V to 5V.

Chapter 1 Introductions 1
1.1 Motivations 1
1.2 Organizations 2
Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Switching Regulator 3
2.1 Specifications of Switching Regulator 3
2.1.1 Input Voltage Range 3
2.1.2 Output Voltage Ripple 3
2.1.3 Regulation 3
2.1.4 Efficiency 4
2.1.5 Transient Response 5
2.2 Introduction to Switching Regulators 7
2.2.1 Buck converter 7
2.2.2 Boost converter 8
2.2.3 Buck-boost converter 9
2.3 Current Mode v.s. Voltage Mode 11
2.3.1 Voltage-Mode Control 11
2.3.2 Current-Mode Control 13
2.3.3 Comparisons of Voltage-Mode Control and Current-Mode Control 14
2.4 Topologies of Buck-Boost Power Supply 18
2.4.1 Flyback Converter 18
2.4.2 Boost/Linear Regulator Combination 19
2.4.3 Cuk Converter 20
2.4.4 Single-Ended-Primary-Inductance Converter 21
2.4.5 Non-inverting Buck-Boost Converter 22
Chapter 3 23
3.1 Average-Current-Mode Control Regulators 23
3.2 Stability of System 30
3.3 Mode Selection of Non-inverting Buck-Boost regulator 35
Chapter 4 39
4.1 Architecture of Average-Current-Mode Non-inverting Buck-Boost Regulator 39
4.2 Power Transistors of Non-inverting Buck-Boost Power Stage 42
4.3 Soft Start Circuit 43
4.4 Bandgap Reference Voltage Circuit 45
4.5 Operational Amplifier for Compensator 48
4.6 Comparator for PWM 50
4.7 Ramp and Clock Generator 52
4.8 Current Sensing 55
4.9 Zero-Current Detector 59
4.10 Mode-Selecting Circuit 61
4.11 Dead-Time and Buffer Circuits 62
4.12 Simulation Results 64
Chapter 5 Layout and Measurement Results 71
5.1 Layout 71
Chapter 6 Conclusions and Future Work 82
References 83

[1] L. H. Dixon, “Average current-mode control of switching power supplies, Unitrode power supply design seminar manual, 1990.
[2] J. Sun and R. M. Bass. “Modeling and practical design issues for average current control, HApplied power electronics conference and expositionH, vol.2, p980-p986, 1999.
[3] W. Tang, F. C. Lee, and R. B. Ridley, “Small-signal modeling of
average current-mode control, IEEE Transactions on power electronics, vol.8, no.2, p112-p119, 1993.
[4] B. Sahu, and G. A. Rinc?n-Mora, “A low voltage, dynamic, noninverting , synchronous buck-boost converter for portable applications, IEEE Transactions on power electronics, vol. 19, no. 2, p443-p452, 2004.
[5] Y. J. Lee, A. Khaligh, and A. Emadi, “A compensation technique for smooth transitions in a noninverting buck–boost converter, IEEE Transactions on power electronics, vol. 24, no. 4, p1002-p1116, 2009.
[6] C. F. Lee, and P. K. T. Mok, “A monolithic current-mode CMOS dc–dc converter with on-chip current-sensing technique, IEEE Journal of solid-state circuits, vol. 39, no. 1, p3-p14, 2004.
[7] P. Midya, K. Haddad, and M. Miller, “Buck or boost tracking power converter, IEEE Power electronics letters, vol. 2, no. 4, Dec. 2004.
[8] J. A. Morales-Saldana, J. Leyva-Ramos, E. E. Carbajal-Gutierrez, and M. G. Ortiz-Lopez, “Average current-mode control scheme for a quadratic buck converter with a single switch, IEEE Transactions on power electronics, vol. 23, no. 1, p485-p490, 2008.
[9] P. C. Huang, W. Q. Wu, H. H. Ho, K. H. Chen, and G. K. Ma, “High efficiency buck-boost converter with reduced average inductor current (RAIC) technique, IEEE Conferences proceedings of ESSCIRC’09, p456 – 459 2009
[10] B. Sahu, “Integrated, dynamically adaptive supplies for linear RF power amplifiers in portable applications, doctoral dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004
[11] C. Zheng and D. Ma, “A 10MHz 92.1%-efficiency green-mode automatic reconfigurable switching converter with adaptively compensated single-bound hysteresis control, IEEE International solid-state circuits conference, p204-205, 2010
[12]H. Y. H. Lam, W.H. Ki and D. Ma, “Loop gain analysis and development of high–speed high–accuracy current sensors for switching converters, Circuits and systems, 2004. 2004 IEEE international symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS’04), vol. 5, p828-831, 2004.
[13]B. Sahu and G. A. Rincon-Mora “A high-efficiency, dual-mode, dynamic, buck-boost power supply IC for portable applications, 2005 18th international conference on VLSI Design, p 858 – 861, 2005.