臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中文摘要

本試驗之目的在比較白羅曼種母鵝（White Roman breeding geese）與新母鵝（new breeding geese）在產蛋期與非產蛋期之血球容積比（packed cell volume）、血漿pH值、血漿雌素二醇（estradiol, E2）、血漿助孕素（progesterone, P4）、血漿離子鈣（ionized calcium）、血漿三酸甘油酯（triglyceride）、血漿總蛋白質（total protein）、血漿總膽固醇（total cholesterol）濃度，以及血液異嗜性白血球與淋巴球比值（heterophils to lymphocytes rate, H/L）之變化，以作為建立判定白羅曼母鵝產蛋與否之指標。此外，並以經產母鵝在產蛋期間內連續96小時內之血液異嗜性白血球與淋巴球之比例變化，探討其與產蛋之關係。
試驗結果顯示，新母鵝與經產母鵝在非產蛋期之血球容積比均顯著較產蛋期為高（P＜0.01），而非產蛋期之新母鵝與經產母鵝的血球容積比間則無顯著差異。新母鵝與經產母鵝在非產蛋期之血漿總膽固醇濃度顯著較產蛋期為高（P＜0.01），但非產蛋期之新母鵝與經產母鵝間的血漿總膽固醇濃度則無顯著差異。新母鹅與經產母鵝在產蛋期之異嗜性白血球百分比顯著較非產蛋期時為高，而新母鵝與經產母鵝血液中之異嗜性白血球與淋巴球之比值以產蛋期均顯著較非產蛋期為高(P < 0.01)，惟新母鵝與經產母鵝間則無顯著差異。
新母鵝與經產母鵝在產蛋期之雌素二醇濃度顯著較非產蛋期為低，但產蛋期時之助孕素濃度相對較非產蛋期時為高（P＜0.05）。
白羅曼新母鵝與經產母鵝在產蛋期之血漿三酸甘油酯亦顯著較非產蛋期為高（P＜0.01），但新母鵝與經產母鵝在非產蛋期之血漿三酸甘油酯濃度間則無顯著差異。
另外，在試驗開始時，新母鵝與經產母鵝之異嗜性白血球與淋巴球之比值均較其他時期為高。
經產種母鵝在產蛋期間內連續96小時之異嗜性白血球與淋巴球之比值雖有高低起伏，但其平均異嗜性白血球與淋巴球之比值則無顯著差異。。


關鍵詞：種母鹅、新母鹅、產蛋期

The purpose of this study was to investigate the profiles of blood constituent and hematology during laying and out of laying periods in White Roman breeding geese and new breeding geese. Two trials were conducted in this experiment. In trial one, forty forty-week old new breeding geese and sixty two-year-old breeding geese were randomly allotted into four groups: breeding geese in laying period, breeding geese out of laying period, new breeding geese in laying period, and new breeding geese out of laying period. During the experimental period, blood samples were collected biweekly for packed cell volume (PCV), plasma pH, plasma estradiol (E2), plasma progesterone (P4), ionized calcium, plasma triglyceride, total protein, and cholesterol concentration determinations. Aliquots of blood samples were also used for differential counts of leukocytes, and the ratios of heterophils to lymphocytes during laying or out of laying periods were calculated. In trial two, five two-year-old breeding laying geese which were randomly chosen form twenty breeding geese. The brachial vein of breeding geese was cannulated with silastic medical grade tubing, blood were sampled at one hour interval for ninety six hours and the egg weights were recorded. The blood samples were used for differential counts of leukocytes, and the ratios of heterophils to lymphocytes in laying period were calculated.
The results of trial one showed that PCV and the concentrations of plasma estradiol, progesterone, and cholesterol of breeding geese and new breeding geese during laying period were significantly higher than those during out of laying period (P<0.05). however, there were no significantly differences between breeding geese and new breeding geese during out of laying periods. The concentrations of plasma triglyceride and ratios of heterophils to lymphocytes in breeding geese and new breeding geese during laying period were significantly higher than those during out of laying period (P<0.05). The ratios of heterophils to lymphocytes of breeding geese and new breeding geese at first sampling time was obviously higher than those of the other sampling times.
The results of trial two showed that the ratios of heterophils to lymphocytes in laying breeding geese increased significantly precede two hours by egg laying. However, there were no significantly differences in the ratios of heterophils to lymphocytes between each breeding geese.
It was concluded that changes of blood constituents may be markedly different between laying period and out of laying period. However, the increasing of heterophils to lymphocytes ratios in laying period could be not only a selection criterion for heat stress, but also for egg production in geese.
Key Words: Breeding geese, New breeding geese, Laying period.

目 錄
頁 次
壹、中文摘要------------------------------------------------------005
貳、前言----------------------------------------------------------016
参、文獻檢討------------------------------------------------------018
一、鵝之季節性生殖特性------------------------------------------018
二、光照對家禽生殖之影響-----------------------------------------018
三、家禽白血球之種類與型態--------------------------------------023
（1）嗜異性球-------------------------------------------------023
（2）嗜酸性球-------------------------------------------------023
（3）嗜鹼性球-------------------------------------------------025
（4）淋巴球---------------------------------------------------025
（5）單核球---------------------------------------------------025
四、緊迫對家禽之影響---------------------------------------------028
1. 警報反應期-----------------------------------------------028
2. 抵抗期（適應期）-----------------------------------------029
3. 竭盡期---------------------------------------------------029
五、卵巢內泌素與母禽生殖系統之關係------------------------------030
（一）卵巢內泌素之合成過程----------------------------------030
1.體系前濾泡---------------------------------------------031
2.體系濾泡-----------------------------------------------031
3.排卵後之濾泡-------------------------------------------033
（二）卵巢內泌素之作用--------------------------------------034
1.動情素-------------------------------------------------034
2.助孕素-------------------------------------------------039
3.睪固酮-------------------------------------------------039
（三）產蛋前後卵巢內泌素濃度之變化--------------------------040
六、免疫系統與卵巢生殖之關係------------------------------------040
專一性免疫：
（一）上皮細胞----------------------------------------------044
（二）吞噬細胞----------------------------------------------044
（三）急性反應期蛋白----------------------------------------045
（四）補體--------------------------------------------------045
非專一性免疫：
（一）T細胞-------------------------------------------------045
（二）B細胞-------------------------------------------------045
肆、試驗材料與方法------------------------------------------------049
試驗一.新母鵝與經產母鵝於產蛋期與非產蛋期之血液學變化-----------049
（一） 試驗動物與分組----------------------------------------049
（二） 飼養與管理--------------------------------------------049
（1） 飼養環境-------------------------------------------049
（2） 光照制度-------------------------------------------050
（3） 餵飼方式-------------------------------------------050
（三） 血液樣品之採集與處理----------------------------------050
（四） 分析項目及方法----------------------------------------052
1. 血漿雌素二醇及助孕素濃度之測定-----------------------052
（1）測定原理-----------------------------------------052
（2）儀器及試劑---------------------------------------052
（3） ACS180儀器之操作步驟----------------------------054
2. 一般血液成分之測定-----------------------------------056
（1） 血漿總蛋白質濃度之測定--------------------------056
（2） 血漿總膽固醇濃度之測定--------------------------058
（3） 血漿三酸甘油酯濃度之測定------------------------061
（4） 血球容積比之測定--------------------------------064
（5） 血漿離子鈣濃度及pH值之測定---------------------066
（6） 白血球分類計數----------------------------------067
（五） 試驗結果之統計分析------------------------------------069
試驗二.經產母鵝在產蛋期間連續96小時內之血液異嗜球與淋巴球比值之變化-------------------------------------------------------070
（一）試驗動物----------------------------------------------070
（二）飼養與管理--------------------------------------------070
（1）飼養環境-----------------------------------------070
（2）光照制度-----------------------------------------070
（3）餵飼方式-----------------------------------------070
（4）紀錄項目-----------------------------------------071
（三）血液樣品之採取與處理-----------------------------------071
（四）分析項目----------------------------------------------071
（五）試驗結果之統計分析-------------------------------------071
伍、結果與討論----------------------------------------------------072
試驗一.新母鵝與經產母鵝於產蛋期與非產蛋期之血液學變化-----------072
一、新母鵝與經產母鵝在產蛋期與非產蛋期之血液內泌素濃度變化----072
（一）血漿雌素二醇濃度-------------------------------------072
（二）血漿助孕素濃度---------------------------------------076
二、新母鵝與經產母鵝在產蛋期與非產蛋期之ㄧ般血液成分變化------080
（一）血漿總蛋白質濃度-------------------------------------080
（二）血漿總膽固醇濃度-------------------------------------084
（三）血漿三酸甘油酯濃度-----------------------------------088
（四）血球容積比-------------------------------------------092
（五）血漿離子鈣濃度---------------------------------------096
（六）血漿酸鹼值-------------------------------------------100
（七）白血球分類計數---------------------------------------103
（八）異嗜球與淋巴球之比值---------------------------------107
試驗二.經產母鵝在產蛋期間連續96小時內之血液異嗜球與淋巴球比值之變化-------------------------------------------------------111
陸、結論----------------------------------------------------------119
柒、參考文獻------------------------------------------------------121
捌、英文摘要------------------------------------------------------007

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