臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的在探討冷加工處理後對2205雙相不銹鋼氫脆及機械性質的影響。而實驗主要利用電化學氫滲透量測、氫原子微印技術及慢速率拉伸試驗，針對固溶處理、冷加工20%及40%後2205雙相不銹鋼的氫脆性與氫原子擴散方式的關係進行探討。
電化學氫滲透實驗結果發現，有效擴散速率隨著冷加工量的增加而降低，視固溶量則隨著冷加工量的增加而提高，且冷加工後產生微裂縫，故滲透速率隨著冷加工量的增加而提高。
在慢速率拉伸試驗中，最大抗拉強度隨著冷加工量的增加而增加，相對地，延伸率則隨著冷加工量的增加而減少；充氫後氫原子進入試片中，導致延伸率都有降低的趨勢，但最大抗拉強度只有稍微降低。由破斷面觀察，充氫後試片由延性破壞轉變為脆性破壞，並有二次裂縫的發生。這些結果指出經過冷加工處理後對氫脆較為敏感。
根據氫原子微印技術結果，發現晶界上並沒有觀察到銀原子的分佈，所以氫原子主要為晶格擴散，且在肥粒鐵相中之氫滲透速率和擴散速率高於沃斯田鐵相，當試片冷加工40%後，觀察到的銀原子分佈全部都在肥粒鐵相中發現，故肥粒鐵相形成氫原子唯一的擴散路徑。

The aim of this work is to study the effect of cold work on hydrogen embrittlement and mechanical properties in 2205 duplex stainless steel. Hydrogen embrittlement of solution treatment, 20 and 40% cold worked 2205 duplex stainless steels has been evaluated by using electrochemical permeation measurment, hydrogen microprint technique and tensile test in this study.
For electrochemical permeation measurement, it is known that hydrogen effective diffusivity decrease with increasing cold work, while hydrogen concentration increase with the cold work. Cold work may cause some micro-crack in microstructure, thus resulting in the high rate of hydrogen permeation.
For slow strain rate tests, the ultimate tensile strength increases with the amount of cold work, while elongation decreases with cold work. After hydrogen charging, hydrogen atoms diffused into the microstructure, resulting the elongation decayed significantly, while the ultimate tensile strength slightly decreased. The fractography of precharged specimens shows that the ductile fracture has changed to the brittle fracture, and some hydrogen-assisted secondary cracks were also observed in the specimens.
According to the results of hydrogen microprint technique, it is observed that no silver atoms were detected on the grain boundary； this indicates that hydrogen atoms were mainly lattice diffusion. Hydrogen atom exhibited higher permeation rate and diffusivity in ferritic phase than that in austenitic phase. It is observed that the silver atoms were exclusively detected in ferritic phase of 40% cold worked specimen. Ferritic phase in duplex stainless steel is the main diffusion path for hydrogen atoms. These results exhibit that the cold worked duplex stainless steel were more susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement than annealed specimen.

目錄
目錄………………………………………………………………………I
圖目錄………………………………………………………..………... III
表目錄…………………………………………………………………..VI
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………1
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………2
第一章 前言……………………………………………………………..4
第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………………..6
2.1 2205雙相不銹鋼簡介……………………………………....6
2.1.1 2205雙相不銹鋼……………………………...………6
2.1.2 合金成分對雙相不銹鋼的影響……………………..6
2.1.3 顯微結構對2205雙相不銹鋼的影響…………….…8
2.2 氫脆……………………………………………………….10
2.3 冷加工對氫脆及機械性質影響……………………….…11
第三章 理論背景………………………………………………………15
3.1 氫脆理論………………………………………….………15
3.2 氫脆機構……………………………………….…………16
3.3 氫溶解度及捕集位置分類與特性……………………….18
3.4 氫對材料機械性質影響………………………….………23
3.5 氫破壞種類及原因………………………….……………26
3.6 氫破壞之防治方法………………………..….…….…….31
3.7 電化學氫滲透理論……………………………….………34
3.8 氫原子微印技術………………………………………….41
第四章 實驗步驟…………………………………………..…………..49
4.1 材料試片準備……………………………………………49
4.2 金相組織觀察及微硬度試驗…………………………….49
4.3 電化學氫滲透實驗……………………………………….52
4.4 慢速率拉伸試驗………………………………………….54
4.5 氫原子微印技術……………………………….…………58
第五章 結果與討論……………………………………...…………….60
5.1 金相組織及表面硬度…………………………….………60
5.2 電化學氫滲透實驗……………………………………….60
5.3 慢速率拉伸試驗………………………………….………67
5.3.1 慢速率拉伸試驗結果………………………………67
5.3.2 慢速率拉伸試驗破斷面觀察………………………72
5.4 氫原子微印技術………………………………...………..81
第六章 結論……………………………………………..……………..86
參考文獻………………………………………………………………..88
圖目錄
圖3-1 捕集位置與氫作用圖…………………………………………..17
圖3-2 臨界濃度之概念及相關參數。CK：臨界濃度；CH：被缺陷所捕集之氫濃度…………………………………………………..22
圖3-3 陽極應力腐蝕破裂與陰極敏感性氫脆之破裂機構比較…..…28
圖3-4 油槽管壁橫截面之氫泡腫機構………………………………..29
圖3-5 Nelson圖………………………………………………...………32
圖3-6 充氫時陰極電荷與水分子在試片表面的反應過程……….….35
圖3-7 氫原子進入材料之兩種模式…………………………………..36
圖3-8 電化學氫滲透實驗中，試片的邊界條件…………………..…38
圖3-9 lag time法則示意圖………………………………………….…40
圖3-10 (a)氫原子微印技術示意圖，(b)AgBr顆粒在試片表面分佈狀況………………………………………………………………..44
圖3-11 溴化銀顆粒間空隙之理論大小……………………………....47
圖3-12 溴化銀顆粒排列層數對氫原子微印技術解析度之影響：(a)單層溴化銀乳劑披覆，(b) 雙層溴化銀乳劑披覆………………48
圖4-1 2205雙相不銹鋼流程圖………………………………………..50
圖4-2 慢速率拉伸試驗試片尺寸規格………………………………..51
圖4-3 電化學氫滲透裝置圖…………………………………………..53
圖4-4 Watt浴法電鍍鎳操作環境裝置圖……………………………..55
圖4-5 拉伸試驗機系統SHIMADZU AG-250KNG…………………..57
圖4-6 氫原子微印技術裝置圖………………………………..………59
圖5-1 不同冷加工量的金相組織……………………………………..61
圖5-2 不同冷加工量的金相組織……………………………………..62
圖5-3 退火對2205雙相不銹鋼氫滲透的影響………………………65
圖5-4 冷加工20%對2205雙相不銹鋼氫滲透的影響………………65
圖5-5 冷加工40%對2205雙相不銹鋼氫滲透的影響………………66
圖5-6 冷加工對2205雙相不銹鋼應力-應變圖的影響………………68
圖5-7 冷加工對預充氫後2205雙相不銹鋼應力-應變圖的影響……68
圖5-8 不同冷加工量對充氫前後2205雙相不銹鋼應力-應變圖的影響………………………………………………………..………69
圖5-9 退火試片破斷面………………………………………………..73
圖5-10 冷加工20%試片破斷面………………………………………74
圖5-11 冷加工40%試片破斷面………………………………………75
圖5-12 退火預充氫試片破斷面………………………………………76
圖5-13 冷加工20%預充氫試片破斷面………………………………77
圖5-14 冷加工40%預充氫試片破斷面………………………………78
圖5-15 雙相不銹鋼中充氫前後兩相之應力-應變圖………………...80
圖5-16 2205雙相不銹鋼退火之氫微印結果…………………………82
圖5-17 2205雙相不銹鋼冷加工20%之氫微印結果…………………83
圖5-18 2205雙相不銹鋼冷加工40%之氫微印結果…………………84
表目錄
表3.1 材料內部氫原子捕集位置之分類……………………..…….…20
表3.2 材料內部缺陷對氫原子之束縛能……………………………...20
表3.3 高解析度自動輻射照相技術與氫原子微印技術比較………...43
表3.4 改良後之氫原子微印技術與改良前的比較………………...…46
表4.1 2205雙相不銹鋼之合金化學成分分析(wt%)……………….....51
表4.2 電鍍鎳溶液成份及配置環境………………………………...…56
表5.1 2205雙相不銹鋼經過不同冷加工量的洛氏硬度值………...…63
表5.2 2205雙相不銹鋼隨著不同冷加工量的氫滲透數據………..…66
表5.3 2205雙相不銹鋼隨著不同冷加工量的拉伸試驗數據………..71

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