臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

自從Wertheimer 與 Leeper 兩人在1979 年首先提出暴露於極低頻電磁場(Electromagnetic Field, EMF)可能影響人類健康的說法迄今三十年來，部分民眾對於電磁場的暴露與健康影響的顧慮仍未完全消失，但以往多數EMF 研究側重於公共衛生與機電研究領域，在物業管理之領域為一較新興之議題，故在建築材料屏蔽與物業環境診斷議題上較缺乏。因此本研究以EMF 量測實驗作為研究方法，依情境的特徵在實驗規劃上分為三大部分：(一)進行居家與工作環境常見電器用品與設備之EMF 量測，以瞭解EMF 強度隨距離衰減之情況；(二)進行建築
材料屏蔽之EMF 量測，以瞭解居家與工作環境建築材料屏蔽之效果；(三)選擇用電形態較具集中性與規律性之某校教學研究空間改善案例進行量測，作為工作環境改善之案例實證。
EMF 量測實驗實施後，獲致之研究成果為：常見電器用品與設備之EMF 強度隨距離急遽衰減，例如電磁爐EMF 強度從距離10cm 增至50cm 時則已衰減94％，並測試25 類常見電器用品與設備，其結果可作為居家與工作環境電器使用或迴避之參考；在材料屏蔽方面，測試了6 類金屬建材與8 類非金屬建材之屏蔽效果，其中以矽鋼片效果最佳，以鐵絲方格網效果最差，量測結果可作為必要時居家與工作環境屏蔽改善之選材參考；在某校之教學研究空間改善案例量測部份，其成果除彰顯出學校EMF 時間與用電之關聯特性外，改善案例雖以1/2B 磚牆＋矽鋼片之改善提出建議，但囿於經費，必頇分成兩期改善，第一期以1/2B磚牆取代落地窗之改善成效並不顯著，仍有待第二期續以矽鋼片改善。前述量測實驗之研究成果，有助於建築師在健康環境設計時做預先屏蔽規劃之參考、營建公司在整建修繕時之建材選用參考，以及物業管理公司在健康環境診斷與維護之管理參考，藉以營造出健康的工作與生活環境。

In 1979, Wertheimer and Leeper proposed exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) may cause an adverse effect on human health. After 30 years, public concern for exposure to EMFs and their effect on human health still exists. However, EMF researches have centered more on the issues of public health and electrical engineering. Its importance in the field of property management has been recognized just recently; therefore, researches on blockage of EMFs by building materials and diagnosis of property environment are still relatively fewer. As a result, this research conducts experiments of EMF measurement. The experiment plan is divided into 3 parts based on individual characteristics of different conditions: (1) EMFs emitted by appliances and equipments commonly seen in households and workplaces are measured to understand how the strength of EMFs reduce with distance; (2) EMFs blocked by building materials are measured to find out the extent of EMFs being blocked by building materials of households and workplaces; (3) improvement measures are applied to a selected teaching and research space of one school which shows a more centralized and regular pattern of electricity consumption. EMFs are measured after implementation of improvement measures to show how much the environment of this case is improved.The EMF measurement conducted by this research shows that the strength of EMFs emitted by commonly-seen appliances and equipments falls rapidly with distance. For example, the strength of EMFs emitted by an induction cooker is reduced for 94% when the distance increases from 10 cm to 50 cm. Twenty-five common appliances and equipments are also tested. The result can be used as a reference for the use or avoidance of an appliance in households and workplaces. Asto the blockage effect of building materials, 6 types of metal materials and 8 types of non-metal materials are tested for their effects on blocking EMFs. It is found that silicon steel is the most effective while grid wire mesh is the least effective. This result can be used as reference when choosing a building material to block EMFs in households and workplaces. The measurement of improvement in the teaching and research space shows that EMF strength in this space is related to the timing and the pattern of electricity consumption. Although an improvement plan of building a 1/2B wall and using silicon steel is proposed, the improvement work must be carried out in two phases due to the budget limitation. In the first phase, the effectiveness of replacing one French window with the 1/2B wall is not significant. Further improvement still needs to be made by installation of silicon steel in the second phase.
The result of the said measurement experiment can be served as a reference for architects to draw up a plan to block EMFs when designing a healthy environment;for construction companies to select building materials during renovation; and for property management companies to diagnose and maintain the healthiness of one environment so that a healthy working and living environment can be created.

誌謝 ............................................................................................................................... i
摘要 .............................................................................................................................. ii
Abstract ...................................................................................................................... iii
目錄 .............................................................................................................................. v
圖目錄 ....................................................................................................................... viii
表目錄 ....................................................................................................................... xiii
第一章 緒論 ........................................................................................................... 1
1.1 研究背景 ........................................................................................................ 1
1.2 研究目的 ........................................................................................................ 2
1.3 研究對象與範圍 ............................................................................................ 3
1.4 研究流程 ........................................................................................................ 4
1.5 研究方法與限制 ............................................................................................ 6
第二章 文獻回顧 ................................................................................................... 8
2.1 電磁場概述 .................................................................................................... 8
2.1.1 電磁場的分類 ................................................................................... 10
2.1.2 電磁干擾與電磁互容 ....................................................................... 14
2.2 電磁場的屏蔽 .............................................................................................. 15
2.2.1 電磁屏蔽概述 ................................................................................... 15
2.2.2 電磁屏蔽材料－導電材料與導磁材料 ........................................... 16
2.3 極低頻電磁場對健康之影響 ...................................................................... 19
2.3.1 從WHO 的觀點 ................................................................................ 20
2.3.2 從ELF EMF 與疾病研究的觀點 ..................................................... 25
2.3.3 從居家環境ELF EMF 研究的觀點 ................................................. 30
2.3.4 從工作環境ELF EMF 研究的觀點 ................................................. 32
2.3.5 從政府的觀點 ................................................................................... 34
2.3.6 國內外極低頻電磁場強度建議值 ................................................... 36
2.4 以物業管理與建築醫學的觀點來看極低頻電磁場 ............................... 38
2.4.1 電磁場問題在物業管理之概況 ....................................................... 40
2.4.2 在建築醫學觀點下電磁場與健康建築之關係 ............................... 41
2.4.3 物業前期規劃 ................................................................................... 42
2.5 小結 .............................................................................................................. 43
第三章 居家與工作環境的電磁場量測實驗規劃 ............................................. 45
3.1 量測實驗規劃 .............................................................................................. 45
3.1.1 量測實驗流程與目的 ....................................................................... 48
3.1.2 量測實驗儀器與設備 ....................................................................... 49
3.1.3 量測實驗場地與材料 ....................................................................... 54
3.2 居家與工作環境常見電器用品與設備 ...................................................... 60
3.2.1 居家環境 ........................................................................................... 61
3.2.2 工作環境 ........................................................................................... 63
3.3 建築材料屏蔽實驗規劃 .............................................................................. 65
3.4 改善案例實測規劃 ...................................................................................... 69
3.5 小結 .............................................................................................................. 71
第四章 量測結果與分析 ..................................................................................... 73
4.1 居家環境常見電器用品與設備量測結果分析 .......................................... 73
4.2 工作環境常見電器用品與設備量測結果分析 .......................................... 74
4.3 常見建築材料屏蔽實驗量測結果分析 ...................................................... 75
4.4 案例一量測結果分析 .................................................................................. 80
4.5 案例二量測結果分析 .................................................................................. 85
4.5.1 第一單元量測結果分析 ................................................................... 86
4.5.2 第二單元量測結果分析 ................................................................... 90
4.5.3 第三單元量測結果分析 ................................................................. 104
4.5.4 第四單元量測結果分析 ................................................................. 113
4.5.5 M1 與M3 EMF 量測結果之比較 ................................................ 118
4.5.6 M1、M3 與M4 EMF 量測結果之比較 ...................................... 121
4.6 小結 ............................................................................................................ 123
第五章 結論與建議........................................................................................... 128
5.1 結論 ............................................................................................................ 128
5.2 建議 ............................................................................................................ 132
參考文獻 ................................................................................................................. 134

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