臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　為維護台灣民眾之健康及化解民眾之疑慮，針對己興建之PI垃圾焚化爐周界之空氣、植物及土壤進行PCDD/Fs採樣分析，實為重要之工作。此外，為確切明瞭環境中PCDD/Fs之來源，亦須對焚化爐周界可能之PCDD/Fs來源做一調查、瞭解及鑑定。
　　本研究之PI垃圾焚化廠兩次周界大氣採樣中之總PCDD/Fs濃度介於0.778 ∼ 1.850之間，平均分別為1.191 pg/Nm3；總I-TEQ則介於0.055 ∼ 0.086 pg-I-TEQ/Nm3之間，平均分別為0.069 pg-I-TEQ/Nm3。由PI垃圾焚化廠之最大落地濃度、上風處及下風處採樣點大氣濃度相比較，並藉由周界大氣中PCDD/Fs濃度之等位軌跡圖，其對周界大氣中PCDD/Fs濃度之影響並不顯著。與國外周界大氣中PCDD/Fs濃度相較，低於日本東京與橫濱。以國內外不同地域而言，則與高雄市交通繁忙區大氣中PCDD/Fs濃度和國外都會區較為接近。周界大氣PCDD/Fs特徵剖面與國外相似。
　　PI垃圾焚化廠周界植物中之總PCDD/Fs含量濃度介於17.080 ∼ 29.194 ng/kg-d.w.之間，平均PCDD/Fs含量分別為22.619 ng/kg-d.w.；總I-TEQ則介於1.738 ∼ 3.254 ng-I-TEQ/kg-d.w.之間，平均分別為2.259 pg-I-TEQ/kg-d.w.。經由PI垃圾焚化廠之最大落地濃度、上風處及下風處採樣點植物PCDD/Fs含量濃度相較，並藉由植物PCDD/Fs含量之等位軌跡圖分析結果顯示，其對周界植物PCDD/Fs含量之影響並不顯著。與國內文獻相較，得知台東地區植物中PCDD/Fs之含量為最低，而其餘地區植物中PCDD/Fs之含量為台東地區之1∼12倍。若與國外文獻比較則本研究所得之PI垃圾焚化廠(2.259 ng-I-TEQ/kg-d.w.)周界植物葉片中PCDD/Fs含量濃度與韓國Gwangiu地區(2.72 ng-I-TEQ/kg-d.w.)較為接近。
　　PI垃圾焚化廠周界土壤中總PCDD/Fs含量濃度分別介於28.795 ∼ 64.005 ng/kg-d.w.之間，平均分別為48.409 ng/kg-d.w.；總I-TEQ則分別介於0.692∼1.405 ng-I-TEQ/kg-d.w.之間，平均分別為1.007 ng-I-TEQ/kg-d.w.。PI垃圾焚化之最大落地濃度、上風處及下風處採樣點土壤PCDD/Fs含量相比較，並藉由土壤PCDD/Fs含量之等位軌跡圖分析結果顯示，其對周界土壤PCDD/Fs含量之影響亦並不顯著。國內以PI地區土壤中之PCDD/Fs含量濃度為全部地區最低，其次為嘉義地區。與國外文獻研究調查數據比較，可知附近有焚化廠運作中之土壤PCDD/Fs含量值之範圍相當大，為0.11 ∼ 356 ng-I-TEQ/kg，而國內各區土壤中PCDD/Fs之含量皆屬於在此範圍之較低值。
　　根據大氣、植物與土壤PCDD/Fs同族物之分佈相較，大氣與植物PCDD/Fs之同族物分佈相較，在TeCDD、PeCDD、TeCDF、PeCDF、HxCDF及HpCDF部分具有較高之相似度；而大氣與土壤PCDD/Fs之同族物分佈相較，顯示TeCDD、PeCDD、HxCDD及HpCDF部分之相似度較高；植物與土壤PCDD/Fs之同族物分佈相較僅在TCDD、PeCDD及HpCDF部分之同族物分佈相似。大氣、植物與土壤PCDD/Fs同族物之分佈相較中，OCDD皆呈現出高單峰分佈情形。

　　The mean PCDD/Fs concentration in 8 ambient air samples in the vicinity of PI municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) is 0.069 pg-I-TEQ/Nm3. Compared with ambient air concentration of Japan regulation level (0.6 pg-I-TEQ/Nm3), the ambient air concentration of the PI incinerator is lower than Japanese regulation level. The mean PCDD/Fs composition in vegetation and soil samples in the vicinity of PI MSWI is 2.259 and 1.007 ng-I-TEQ/kg-d.w., respectively. In this study, even the soil from site C, which has the highest PCDD/Fs level, can still be freely utilized (based on the German regulation value). According to the homologue profile of ambient air samples, most sites had profiles similar to those of PI MSWI or mobile sources. By comparing the PCDD/Fs concentration (composition) of maximum ground concentration sampling sites, upwind and downwind sampling sites, it is concluded that the emission of PCDD/Fs from the PI MSWI to its surrounding environment is not significant.

總 目 錄

中文摘要 I
Abstract III
誌 謝 IV
總 目 錄 V
表 目 錄 VIII
圖 目 錄 X
第一章 前 言 1
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2-1 世紀之毒－戴奧辛(Dioxin) 3
2-1-1 PCDD/Fs之產生源與分佈 3
2-1-1-1 PCDD/Fs來源 3
2-1-1-2 PCDD/Fs之分佈 5
2-1-2 PCDD/Fs之物理化學特性 5
2-1-3 PCDD/Fs毒理性質及對人體之影響 12
2-1-3-1 毒理性質 12
2-1-3-2 對人體之影響 13
2-1-4 形成PCDD/Fs之機制 16
2-2 地理區域與季節性對PCDD/Fs之影響 24
2-3 大氣中PCDD/Fs之流佈 29
2-3-1 大氣中之氣固相分佈 29
2-3-2 沉降 31
2-3-2-1 乾沈降 31
2-3-2-2 濕沉降 31
2-3-3 傳輸和光解作用 33
2-3-3-1 傳輸 33
2-3-3-2 光解作用 33
2-4 土壤中PCDD/Fs之傳輸 37
2-5 植物中PCDD/Fs之傳輸 39
2-5-1 氣相沉降之吸收作用與固相沉降之吸附作用 39
2-5-2 植物根部之吸收作用 40
2-5-3 土壤揮發作用及土壤再揚起作用 40
第三章 研究設備與方法 44
3-1 研究架構及採樣規劃 44
3-1-1 空氣採樣點 44
3-1-2 土壤及植物採樣點 44
3-2 大氣PCDD/Fs採樣設備及方法(依據NIEA A809.10B) 50
3-2-1 PS-1高流量空氣採樣器 50
3-2-2 流量校正 50
3-2-3 大氣PCDD/Fs採樣之標準流量及體積 54
3-2-4 大氣PCDD/Fs採樣方法(依據NIEA A809.10B) 60
3-3 土壤採樣設備及方法 61
3-4 植物採樣設備及方法 62
3-5 PCDD/Fs樣品之前處理 64
3-5-2 植物及土壤樣品之前處理步驟 68
3-6 PCDD/Fs之儀器分析 71
3-7 品質保證與品質控制 76
3-7-1 實驗藥品與試劑 76
3-7-2 採 樣 81
3-7-3 PCDD/Fs樣品分析前處理 83
3-7-4 實驗室PCDD/Fs測試能力範圍 84
3-7-5 高解析度氣相層析儀與高解析度質譜儀 84
3-7-6 質譜圖鑑定準則 84
3-7-7 實驗室品管程序 85
3-8 空氣品質ISCST3擴散模式 89
第四章 結果與討論 96
4-1 氣象資料整理 96
4-1-1 大氣溫度 96
4-1-2 氣壓、風速與相對濕度 96
4-2 周界空氣之PCDD/Fs濃度分佈特徵 99
4-2-1 PI垃圾焚化廠周界大氣中PCDD/Fs之特徵 99
4-2-2 空氣樣本與國內外之研究比較 112
4-3 周界植物之PCDD/Fs濃度分佈特徵 121
4-3-1 植物樣本分析結果 121
4-3-2 植物樣本與國內外之研究比較 129
4-4 周界土壤之PCDD/Fs濃度分佈特徵 136
4-4-1 土壤樣本分析結果 136
4-4-2 土壤樣本與國內外之研究比較 145
4-5 空氣與環境介質中PCDD/Fs之相關比較 151
4-5-1 空氣與植物介質相較 151
4-5-2 空氣與土壤物介質相較 151
4-5-3 植物與土壤介質相較 159
4-5-4 大氣、植物與土壤介質PCDD/Fs同族物相較 159
第五章 結論與建議 166
5-1 結論 166
5-2 建議 167
參 考 文 獻 169

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