臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

連續式超臨界水氧化（Supercritical water oxidation, SCWO）技術是一項具有高效率的有機廢水處理技術，利用水作為反應的媒介，在高於水的超臨界溫度、壓力（Tc≥374℃, Pc≥218atm）供給充足的氧氣使有機污染物在超臨界水中產生快速的氧化分解反應。連續式超臨界水氧化技術與傳統濕式氧化技術的差異，主要為有效處理含高總有機碳（Total organic carbon, TOC）之有機廢水，其反應條件具較高壓力、溫度且供氧充足及槽密閉性高、反應時間短可將有機物完全分解無二次污染，有機廢水在超臨界水狀態下可達到減廢減毒、完全礦化的效果，氧化分解後之產物為二氧化碳、水和無機鹽類，目前已普遍應用於高濃度有機廢水除污技術。
研究主要探討以連續式超臨界水氧化對二甲胺（Dimethylamine）廢水去除效率。濃度為8%（v/v）二甲胺廢水在未添加醇類超臨界水溫度反應條件下，TOC去除率僅49%，主要是二甲胺燃點溫度高，因此在未達燃點溫度的超臨界水氧化條件下，其TOC去除率低；然而醇類化合物如乙醇具高焓（Enthalpy）值又較二甲胺燃點低的優越特性在超臨界水中燃燒可釋放較多熱值，實驗結果顯示乙醇濃度為4%與6%（v/v）的超臨界水氧化條件下，TOC去除率皆可達99.9%。此外實驗證實少量乙醇添加可提供穩定的熱值給反應槽，本研究驗證以少量高熱值醇類添加作為輔助燃料在超臨界水氧化可有效分解燃點高之有機物質。在添加少量乙醇於二甲胺廢水中，乙醇：二甲胺（v/v）為1：5及1：2.5之實驗結果，發現在1：2.5的濃度設定及反應溫度為390℃，二甲胺TOC去除率可高達99.0%，與未添加乙醇相比較TOC去除率大幅度提升50%。本研究證實添加高熱值醇類可以有效提升難分解有機物之去除率。

Continuous supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is a highly efficient organic wastewater treatment technology. Using water as a reaction medium with sufficient oxygen supply organic pollutants rapidly decomposed as the temperature and pressure higher than supercritical condition(Tc≥374℃, Pc≥218atm）. The main difference between continuous supercritical water oxidation technology and traditional wet oxidation is the more effective way to treat the organic wastewater containing high total organic carbon (TOC). With high sealed reactor, short processing time, and the organic compounds decompose completely without secondary pollution. Organic waste under the supercritical water condition can be attenuated to achieve waste reduction. The organics were completely mineralized, after oxidation, and decomposition products were carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic salts. The SCWO commonly used for the removal of high concentration organic wastewater.
The main objective of this study is to investigate the efficiency of waste water removal for dimethylamine in continuous SCWO. Concentration of 8% (V/V) dimethylamine water without adding alcohol in supercritical water reaction, The TOC removal was of only 49%, mainly dimethylamine ignition temperature is high, and therefore below the ignition temperature supercritical water oxidation conditions, the TOC removal was low, but alcohols such as ethanol, a high enthalpy solvent when compared with dimethylamine. Alcohol has excellent characteristics in supercritical water combustion. It can release much more heat. Experimental results show that ethanol concentration of 4% and 6% (V/V), TOC removal rate were 99.9%. By adding small amount of alcohol in the dimethylamine contained waste water (i.e.) ethanol: decomposition 1:5, and 1:2.5 (V/V) for the experimental, Our results found that the concentration of 1:2.5 and the reaction temperature was set 663K, TOC of dimethylamine removal reached 99.0%, which compared with no ethanol added. The TOC removal enhances more than 50%. This study confirms the adding of alcohol can raise the heat and enhance the decomposition removal efficiency of dimethylamine contained waste water.

中文摘要...................................................Ⅰ
英文摘要...................................................Ⅱ
目錄......................................................Ⅲ
表目錄....................................................Ⅴ
圖目錄....................................................ⅤⅠ
第一章 緒論................................................1
1.1 研究緣起...............................................1
1.2 研究目的...............................................2
1.3 研究內容................................................3
第二章文獻回顧..............................................4
2.1 超臨界流體..............................................4
2.1.1 超臨界流體之定義.......................................4
2.1.2 超臨界水與水的性質.....................................5
2.1.3 超臨界流體之應用.......................................7
2.2 超臨界水................................................9
2.2.1 超臨界水之定義.........................................9
2.2.2 超臨界水之性質與特性...................................10
2.2.3 超臨界水氧化技術之影響因子..............................15
2.2.4 超臨界水氧化、焚化、濕式氧化及生物處理比較.................18
2.3 超臨界水氧化技術之發展、應用與面臨之難題.....................21
2.3.1 超臨界水氧化技術之發展..................................21
2.3.2 超臨界水氧化技術之應用..................................22
2.3.3 超臨界水氧化技術面臨之難題..............................24
2.4 二甲胺之文獻回顧........................................26
2.4.1 二甲胺、乙醇與異丁醇之物理化學性質........................26
2.4.2 危害性...............................................27
2.4.3 對人體之毒性..........................................28
2.4.4 貯存要求.............................................28
2.4.5 主要用途.............................................28
2.4.6 處理方法.............................................29

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