臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來布袋濕地鹽田面臨濕地環境劣化的問題，因此本研究以自然濕地公園施工的前中後三年對布袋鹽田濕地進行環境監測，將西臨台灣海峽、東以台17線為界規劃為研究區域，並於研究區域內選定4處測站點(BD1~BD4)作為測站。其監測項目包含水質監測、魚類調查、底棲動物調查。
研究結果顯示101年(施工中)與其他兩年在水質方面有較為明顯的差異，主要的差異包括101年濁度最高，各樣區平均值高出100年1.1倍、102年4.5倍；101年總磷平均值降低至100年的40%~60% (102年更低至101年的56%)；101年氨氮平均值為0.42 mg/L，而100年平均值低於偵測極限(不及0.2 mg/L)、102年也降低至0.3 mg/L；101年葉綠素a平均值高出100年2倍、102年3.6倍。
在魚類調查中發現100年魚類的捕獲大多集中於BD3樣區，每一季捕獲的數量都是全樣區之冠，最高達244隻，101年第二季BD1樣區捕獲的數量高達1159隻，其餘各區各季皆不及200隻，102年魚類多數捕獲自BD4樣區，數量集中於三、四季，最高達804隻，其餘各區各季皆不及100隻，三年優勢種多以吳郭魚(Oreochromis sp.)、帆鳍胎鱂魚(Poecilia velifera)為主。
於底棲動物調查中發現100年除了BD1，各樣區的最大數皆發生在第三季，BD3的第三季採集數量高達2049隻，其中流紋蜷(Thiara riqueti) 2045隻，佔全數的99.8%，101年的捕獲量大多集中於三、四季，BD4樣區四季中唯獨第三季捕獲量明顯飆升達1036隻，其中以車鼓粟螺(Stenothyra chilkaensis) 909隻最多，佔總數的87.7%。優勢種流紋蜷在三年中都佔有一定的比例，100年88%、101年33%、102年30%。
以水質、魚類、底棲動物的研究結果皆直接或間接顯示在自然濕地公園施工期間，因水路的阻隔等因素對於布袋鹽田濕地的生態環境造成了負面的影響，此外本研究建立布袋鹽田濕地之水質、魚類、底棲動物等基本資料，並探討三年內水質與生物相的變動，可供往後濕地營運與管理規劃之背景環境依據。

These years, the environment of the Budai Wetland has been deteriorating. The author of this study conducted an environmental monitoring around the Budai Wetland from 2011-2013 (from one year before the construction until one year after the construction). The geographical range of the environmental monitoring covered the area between the Straits of Taiwan and Taiwan Provincial Highway No. 17. Four monitoring stations (BD1-BD4) were established within the range. The monitored objects included water quality, fish study and benthos study.
The study showed that in 2012 (during construction), the water quality was distinguishable from those of other years; there were difference in many aspects. In 2012, the turbidity was the highest; 1.1 times higher than that in 2011 and 4.5 times higher than that in 2013. In 2012, the average amount of phosphorus decreased to 40%-60% of that in 2011 (in 2013 the average amount of phosphorus even decreased to 56% of that in 2012). In 2012, the average amount of ammonium was 0.42 mg/L and the amount of ammonium in 2011 was lower than the minimum detectable amount (lower than 0.2 mg/L). In 2013, the average amount of ammonium was lowered to 0.3 mg/L. In 2012, the average amount of chlorophyll in 2012 was 2 times higher than that in 2011 and 3.6 times higher than that in 2013.
The fish study discovered that, in 2011, most fish were captured in BD3. The number of fish captured in that zone during every quarter of the year was always the highest; it reached as high as 244 fish. In the second quarter of 2012, 1159 fish were caught in BD1, whilst in other zones, less than 200 fish were caught. In 2013, most fish were captured in BD4, mainly during the third and the fourth quarter of the year, with the maximum 804 fish; in other zones, less than 100 fish were captured during any quarter. The most dominant species in this environment during these three years were Oreochromis sp. and Poecilia velifera.
According to the benthos study, the maximum numbers of captured animals in each zone except BD1 occurred during the third quarter. In zone BD3, a maximum of 2049 animals were captured during the third quarter. Among the 2049 animals, there were 2045 Thiara riqueti, accounting for 99.8% of the total amount. In 2012, most animals were caught during the third and the fourth quarter. In BD4, the number of captured fish peaked in the third quarter, reaching a maximum of 1036 animals. The majority of those 1036 animals were the 909 Stenothyra chilkaensis, accounting for 87.7% of the total amount. The dominant species was Thiara riqueti accounted for a considerable amount during all three years- 88% of the total amount in 2011, 33% in 2012 and 30% in 2013.
The findings of the water quality, fish study and benthos study, directly and indirectly showed that the construction at the wetland area caused a negative impact on the Budai Wetland because the construction blocked the waterway. In addition, the author created a database regarding the water quality, fish activities and the benthic zone. The paper examines the changes in water quality and fauna, and can serve as the reference for the management and operation of the wetland in the future.

摘要 i
英文摘要 iii
致謝 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
一、前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 1
二、文獻回顧 2
2.1 水體分類水質標準 2
2.1.1 保護生活環境相關環境基準 2
2.1.2 三項水質項目的介紹與標準 3
2.2 優養化定義及其指標 4
2.2.1 水質優養程度指標的判定 5
2.2.2 優養化指標之卡爾森優養指標 5
2.3 主成分分析 7
2.4 生態環境評估 8
2.4.1 調查頻度 9
2.4.2 調查方法 9
2.4.3 資料分析與呈現 14
三、研究方法 16
3.1 研究區域 16
3.2 研究架構 17
3.3 水質監測 18
3.4 生物相調查 19
3.4.2 底棲動物調查 19
3.5 資料分析 20
3.5.1 卡爾森指數 20
3.5.2 主成份分析 21
四、結果與討論 23
4.1 水質監測 23
4.1.1水質項目檢測結果 25
4.1.2 布袋鹽田濕地水體分類與優養化評估 36
4.1.3 主成分分析 42
4.1.4 小結 47
4.2魚類調查結果 49
4.2.1調查結果分析 49
4.2.2 各樣區魚類相似度分析 57
4.2.3 小結 62
4.3 底棲動物調查結果 64
4.3.1 調查結果分析 64
4.3.2 各樣區底棲動物相似度分析 74
4.3.3 小結 77
五、結論與建議 79
5.1 結論 79
5.1.1 水質檢測結果 79
5.1.2 魚類調查結果 79
5.1.3 底棲動物調查結果 80
5.2 建議 81
參考文獻 82

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