臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用修改過的商用熱水鍋爐,以高級柴油為燃料,探討再不同的操作條件下去探討燃燒特性與污染物排放情形.實驗參數控制範圍:當量比0.8~1.1,渦旋數0及0.6,穩流板開口角度0及45度,煙道氣迴流量0~12%及燃油噴嘴角度80度等,利用相機拍攝燃燒室內火焰結構以利觀察了解不同參數下之燃燒行為.
在煙道氣迴流量8%,當量比0.9,渦旋數0及0.6,穩流板開口角度0及45度下,整體而言,在不同穩流板開口角度0及45度下,由於開口角度45度造成局部渦旋,使得主燃燒區在燃燒氣前方提前反應,故在相同觀測點,所觀察到的火焰,高溫黃白色較0度來得少.火焰後端外圍則因CO2及水氣使火焰呈現紅色.隨著渦旋度增強火焰由平順轉為劇烈波動.

In this research a modified commercial boiler,which burns diesel oil,is used to study the combustion characterisics and the pollution of the exhausting products under various operating conditions.The controlling ranges of the various experimental parameters include equivalence ratio from 0.8to1.1,swirl number 0 and 0.6, the flue rate of the recirculated flue gas from 0% to 12%, and jet spray angle 80. The effect of the above various operating conditions on the combustion characteristics and the formation of pollutants are studied in this research. A photographic technology is used to study the combustion behaviors of the flame under various operating condition.
Flame structures display that when the flow rate of the recirculated flue gas increase, the flame color in primary combustion zone will change gradually from high temperature white-yellow flame to low temperature orange-red flame. At plate angle 0 and 45, the primary combustion zone with plate angle 45 occurs near burner so that we cannot see too much white-yellow zone from quartz window. The flame outside of the primary combustion region exhibits the red color which is due to the radition of CO2 and water vapor. In addition, when the strength of the swirl increases the contour of the flame will change gradually from smooth shape to strongly distortion.

中文摘要..............................1
Abstract..............................3
目錄..............................5
表目錄..............................9
圖目錄..............................10
符號說明..............................17
第一章 緒論..............................1
第二章 理論背景..............................9
第三章 實驗設備與介紹..............................20
第四章 實驗結果與分析..............................31
第五章 結論..............................50
參考文獻..............................54

1. Tangirala, Chen, and Driscoll, "Effect of Heat Release and Swirl on the
Recirculation within Swirl-Stabilized Flames," Combust. Sci. and
Tech., Vol. 51, 1987, pp. 75-95.
2. Turns and Bandaru, "Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Turbulent
Nonpremixed Jet Flames, "Combustion and Flame , Vol. 94, 1993,
pp.462-468.
3. Suzukawa, Sugiyama, and I. Mori, "Heat Transfer Improvement and
NOx Reduction in Industrial Furnance by Regenerative Combustion
System , "Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 1996, IECEC
96, Proceeding of the 31st Intersociety Vol. 2, 1996, pp. 804-809.
4. Pershing, England, Heap, and Flament, "Control of NOx Emissions
from Liquid Fuel-Fired Industrial Boilers,"AICHE Symposium Series,
No. 201, Vol. 76, 1980, pp. 1-15.
5. Hsiao- Kang, Ming- Yung, and Fa-Hong, "The Study of Spray
Combustion Characteristics in a Bluff- Body Combustor, "Journal of
the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1993,
pp. 10-25.
6. Joao, Maria, Pedro, and Mario, "Flue Gas Recirculation in a Gas-Fired
Laboratory Furnace: Measurements and Modelling, " Fuel, Vol.
76, No. 10, 1997, pp. 919-929.
7. Caldeira- Pires, Heitor, and Carvalho, "Characteristics of Nitric Oxide
Formation Rates in Turbulent Nonpremixed Jet Flames, "Combustion and Flame , Vol. 120, 2000, pp. 383-391.
8. Gupta, Bolz, and Hasegawa, "Effect of Air Preheat Temperature and
Oxygen Concentration on Flame Structure and Emission, "Journal of
Energy Resources Technology, Vol. 121, September 1999, pp. 209-
216.
9. Energy Commission, Ministry of Economic Affairs, The Republic of
China, "Energy Supply and Consumption Projections ".
10. Hedman, Sturgess, Warren, Goss, Shouse " Observations of Flame
Behavior From a Practical Fuel Injector Using Gaseous Fuel in a
Technology Combustor,"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and
Power, Vol. 117, July 1995, pp. 441-452.
11.Turns, "An Introduction To Combustion -Concepts and Applications
,"2nd Edition McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, Chapter 5, 1996, pp. 148-
177.
12. Syred and Beer, "Combustion in a Swirling Flow : A Review,"
Combustion and Flame, Vol. 23, 1974, pp. 143-201.
13. Michel, "Effect of Flue-Gas Recirculation on NOx Production and
Performance of Pulse Combustion Hot-Water Boiler,"Combust.
Science and Technology, Vol. 94, 1993, pp. 167-179.
14. Sarofim, and Flagan, "NOx Control for Stationary Combustion
Sources,"Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., Vol. 2, 1976, pp. 1-25.
15. Costa, Costen ,and Lockwood, "Detailed Measurements in a Heavy Fuel
Oil-Fired Large-Scale Furnace,"Combustion Science and Technology,
Vol. 77, 1991, pp. 1-26.
16. Chigier, "Pollution Formation and Destruction in Flames -Introduction
,"Prog. Energy Combustion Science, Vol. 1, 1975, pp. 3-15.
17. Chigier and Chervinsky, "Experimental Investigation of Swirling
Vortex Motion in Jets,"Journal of Applied Mechanics, Transaction of
the ASME, June, 1967, pp. 443-451.
18. Becker, Rahbar, and Sobiesiak, "Performance Characteristics of the
Novel Low-NOx CGRI Burner For Use with High Air Preheat,
"Combustion and Flame, Vol. 115, 1998, pp. 93-125.
19. Iverach, Basden, and Kirov, "Formation of Nitric Oxide in Fuel-Lean
and Fuel-Rich Flames,"14th Symposium (International) on
Combustion, The Combustion Institute, 1973, pp. 767-775.
20. Heywood, "Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals,"McGraw-Hill,
Inc., New York, Ch8, 1989, pp. 326-370.
21. Kuo, "Principles of Combustion,"John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York,
Chapter 6, 1986, pp. 347-401.
22. Turner, Andrews, and Siegmund, "Influence of Combustion
Modification and Fuel Nitrogen Content on Nitrogen Oxides Emissions
From Fuel Oil Combustion,"AICHE Symposium Series, No. 126, Vol.
68, 1972, pp.55-65.
23. Glassman, "Combustion,"3rd Edition Academic Press, New York,
1996.
24. Barreiros, and Carvalho, Costa, and Lockwood, "Prediction of the
Near Burner Region and Measurements of NOx and Particulate
Emissions in Heavy Fuel Oil Spray Flames,"Combustion and Flame,
Vol. 92, 1993, pp. 231-240.
25. Bowman, "Control of Combustion-Generated Nitrogen Oxide
Emissions: Technology Driven by Regulation,"24th Symposium
(International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, 1992, pp.
859-878.
26. Chigier, "The Atomization and Burning of Liquid Fuel Sprays," Prog.
Energy Combustion Science Vol. 2, 1976, pp. 97-114.
27. Kenbar, Beltagui, Ralston and Maccallum, "Measurement and
Modelling of NOx Formation in a Gas Fired Furnace,"Combustion
Science and Technology, Vol. 93, 1993, pp. 173-192.
28. Foster, and Keck, "Factors Affecting NOx Formation from Nitrogen-Containing
Fuels,"Combustion and Flame, Vol. 38, 1980, pp. 199-209.
29. Fenimore, "Reactions of Fuel-Nitrogen in Rich Flame Gases,"
Combustion and Flame, Vol. 26, 1976, pp. 249-256.
30. Hampartsoumian, Nimmo, Pourkashanian, and Williams, "The
Prediction of NOx Emissions from Spray Combustion," Combust. Sci.
and Tech., Vol. 93, 1993, pp. 153-172.
31. Williams, "Fundamentals of Oil Combustion,"Prog. Energy Combustion
Science, Vol. 2, 1976, pp. 167-179.
32. Chigier, and Chervinsky, "Experimental and Theoretical Study of
Turbulent Swirlimg Jets Issuing from a Round Orifice," Israel Journal
of Technology, Vol. 4, NO. 1, 1996, pp. 44-54.
33. Chervinsky, "Turbulence Swirling Jet Diffusion Flame,"Israel Institute
of Technology, NO. 10, 1969, pp. 1877-1883.
34. Heywood, "Internal Combustion Engine Fundamental,"Chapter 10,1989, pp. 197-502.
35. Drake, Correa, Pitz, Shyy, and Fenimore, "Superequilibrium and the
Thermal Nitric Oxide Formation in Turbulent Diffusion Flames,
"Combustion and Flame, Vol. 69, 1987, pp. 347-365.
36. Hassan, Lockwood, and Moneib, "Measurements in a Gas-Fired
Cylindrical Furance,"Combustion and Flame, Vol. 51, 1983, pp. 249-
261.
37. Cernansky, and Sawyer, "NO and NO2 Formation in a Turbulent
Hydrocarbon/Air Diffusion Flame,"15th Symposium (International)
on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, 1974, pp. 1039-1050.