1.沈佛亭。2006。Gordonia菌屬放線菌之分子偵測、分類及鑑定。國立中興大學土壤環境科學系博士論文。2.林文中。2006。根瘤菌胞外多醣對柴油乳化之研究。國立中興大學生命科學系碩士論文。3.林詩耀。2007。重油降解細菌之表現型及基因型特性研究。國立中興大學土壤環境科學系碩士論文。4.楊秋忠。2004。土壤與肥料 (第八版)。農世股份有限公司。台中。
5.Ahn, Y., J. Sanseverino, and G.S., Sayler. 1999. Analyses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria isolated from contaminated soils. Biodegradation 10:149–157.
6.Ajithkumar, P.V., K.P. Gangadhara, P. Manilal, and A.A.M. Kunhi. 1998. Soil inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3MT eliminates the inhibitory effect of 3-chloroand 4-chlorobenzoate on tomato seed germination. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30:1053–1059.
7.Amann, R., L. Krumholz, and D.A. Stahl. 1990b. Fluorescent-oligo-Amann, R.I., W. Ludwig, and K.-H. Schleifer. 1995. Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation. Microbiol. Rev. 59:143–169.
8.Anderson, J.W. 1993. Selenium interactions in sulfur metabolism. p. 49–60. In L.J. De Kok (ed.) Sulfur nutrition and assimilation in Higher plants-regulatory, agricultural and environmental aspects. The Hague, The Netherlands, SPB Academic.
9.Aprill, W, and R.C. Sims. 1990. Evaluation of the use of prairie grasses for stimulating polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbon treatment in soil. Chemosphere 20:253–265.
10.Ashton, E.C., and D.J. Macintosh. 2002. Preliminary assessment of the plant diversity and community ecology of the Sematan mangrove forest, Sarawak, Malaysia. Forest Ecol. Manag. 166:111–129.
11.Atlas, R.M., and R. Bartha. 1992. Hydrocarbon biodegradation and oil-spill biodegradation. p. 287–338. In K.C. Marshall (ed.) Advancesin microbail ecology. 12. Plenum Press, New York.
12.Aziz, A., J. Martin-Tanguy, and F. Larher. 1997. Plasticity of polyamine metabolism associated with high osmotic stress in rape leafdiscs and with ethylene treatment. Plant Growth Regul. 21:153–163.
13.Banuelos, G.S, and D.W. Meek. 1990. Accumulation of selenium in plants grown on seleniumtreated soil. J. Environ. Qual. 19:772–777.
14.Barak, R., I. Nur, and Y. Okon. 1983. Detection of chemotaxis in Azospirillum brasilense. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 53:399–403.
15.Barak, R., I. Nur, Y. Okon, and Y. Henis. 1982. Aerotactic response of Azospirillum brasilense. J. Bacteriol. 152:643–649.
16.Barrett, J.E., and I.C. Burke. 2000. Potential nitrogen immobilization in grassland soils across a soil organic matter gradient. Soil Biol. Biochem. 32:1707–1716.
17.Bashan, Y., and H. Levanony. 1990. Current status of Azospirillum inoculation technology: Azospirillum as a challenge for agriculture. Can. J. Microbiol. 36:591–608.
18.Bashan, Y., G. Holguin, and L. de-Bashan. 2004. Azospirillum–plant relationships: physiological, molecular, agricultural, and environmental advances (1997–2003). Can. J. Microbiol. 50:521–577.
19.Belimov, A.A., and K.J. Dietz. 2000. Effect of associative bacteria on element composition of barley seedlings grown in solution culture at toxic cadmium concentrations. Microbiol. Res. 155:113–121.
20.Ben Dekhil, S., M. Cahill, E. Stackebrandt, and L.I. Sly. 1997. Transfer of Conglomeromonas largomobilis subsp. largomobilis to the genus Azospirillum as Azospirillum largomobile comb. nov., and elevation of Conglomeromonas largomobilis subsp. parooensis to the new type species of Conglomeromonas, Conglomeromonas parooensis sp. nov. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 20:72–77.
21.Bento, F.M., F.A. Camargo, B.C. Okeke, and W.T. Frankenberger. 2005. Comparative bioremediation of soils contaminated with diesel oil by natural attenuation, biostimulation and bioaugmentation. Bioresour. Technol. 96:1049–1055.
22.Bergersen, F.J. 1991. Physiological control of nitrogenase and uptake hydrogenase. p. 76–102. In M. Dilworth, and A. Glenn (ed.) Biology and biochemistry of nitrogen fixation. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
23.Berti, W.R, and S.D. Cunningham. 2000. Phytostabilization of metals. p. 71–88. In I. Raskin and B.D. Ensley (ed.) Phytoremediation of toxic metals. Using plants to clean up the environment. Wiley, New York.
24.Bleecker, A.B., and H. Kende. 2000. Ethylene: a gaseous signal molecule in plants. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 16:1–18.
25.Blaylock, M.J, and J.W. Huang. 2000. Phytoextraction of metals. p. 53–70. In I. Raskin and B.D. Ensley (ed.) Phytoremediation of toxic metals. Using plants to clean up the environment. Wiley, New York.
26.Boddey, R.M., V.L.D. Baldani, J.I. Baldani, and J. Dobereiner. 1986. Effect of inoculation of Azospirillum spp. on nitrogen accumulation by field-grown wheat. Plant Soil. 95:109–121.
27.Bosma, T.N.P., P.J.M. Middeldorp, G. Schraa, and A.J.B. Zehnder. 1997. Mass transfer limitations of biotransformation: quantifying bioavailability. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31:248–252.
28.Brazil, G.M., L. Kenefick, M. Callanan, A. Haro, V. de Lorenzo, and D.N. Dowling. 1995. Construction of a rhizosphere pseudomonad with potential to degrade polychlorinated biphenyls and detection of bph gene expression in the rhizosphere. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:1946–1952.
29.Briggs, G.G, R.H. Bromilow, and A.A. Evans. 1982. Relationships between lipophilicity and rootuptake and translocation of non-ionized chemicals by barley. Pestic. Sci. 13:405–504.
30.Brooks, R.R. 1998. p. 381 In Plants that hyperaccumulate heavy metals. Wallingford, CAB Intl.
31.Brosius, J., M.L. Plamer, P.J. Kennedy, and H.R. Noller. 1978. Complete nucleotide sequence of a 16S ribosomal RNA gene from Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 75:4801–4805.
32.Burd, G.I., D.G. Dixon, and B.R. Glick. 2000. Plant growth-promoting bacteria that decrease heavy metal toxicity in plants. Can. J. Microbiol. 46:237–245.
33.Burken, J.G, and J.L. Schnoor. 1997. Uptake and metabolism of atrazine by poplar trees. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31:1399–1406.
34.Burken, J.G. 2003. Uptake and metabolism of organic compounds: green-liver model. p. 59–84. In S.C. McCutcheon and J.L. Schnoor (ed.) Phytoremediation: transformation and control of contaminants. S.C. Wiley, New York.
35.Bushnell, L.D., and H.F. Haas. 1940. Theutilization of certain hydrocarbons by microorganisms. J. Bacteriol. 41:653–673.
36.Cakmakci, R., F. Donmez, A. Aydm, and F. Şahin. 2006. Growth promotion of plants by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under greenhouse and two different field soil conditions. Soil Biol Biochem. 38:1482–1487.
37.Casida Jr, L.E., D.A. Klein, and T. Santoro. 1964. Soil dehydrogenase activity. Soil Sci. 98:371–376.
38.Chaney, R.L, Y.M. Li, S.L. Brown, F.A. Homer, and M. Malik. 2000. Improving metal hyperaccumulator wild plants to develop commercial phytoextraction systems: approachesand progress. p. 129–158. In N. Terry et al. (ed.) Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and water. Lewis.
39.Choi, B.-K., B.J. Paster, F.E. Dewhirst, and U.B. Gobel. 1994. Diversity of cultivable and uncultivable oral spirochetes from a patient with severe destructive periodontitis. Infect. Immun. 62:1889–1895.
40.Christofi, N., I.B. Ivshina, M.S. Kuyukina, and J.C. Philp. 1998. Biological treatment of crude oil contaminated soil in Russia. J. Geol. Soc. 14:45–51.
41.Cobbett, C.S, and P.B. Goldsbrough. 2000. Mechanisms of metal resistance: phytochelatins andmetallothioneins. p. 247–271. In I. Raskin and B.D. Ensley (ed.) Phytoremediation of toxic metals. Using plants to clean up the environment. Wiley, New York.
42.Collins, M.D. 1985. Isoprenoid quinone analysis in classification and identification. p. 267–287. In M. Goodfellow and D.E. Minnikin (ed.) Chemical methods in bacterial systematics. Academic Press, London.
43.Colwell, R.E., and J.D. Waiker. 1977. Ecological aspects of microbial degradation of petroleum in the marine environment. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 5:423–425.
44.Conference, P.1985. Microscopy. In M. Muller and S.A. Bhatt (ed.) The science of biological specimen preparation for microscopy and microanalysis. AMF O''Hare Chicago, Illinois.
45.Cooper, A.B., and H.W. Morgan. 1981. Improved fluorimetric method to assay for soil lipase activity. Soil Biol. Biochem. 13:307–311.
46.Cooper, D.G., and B.G. Goldenberg. 1987. Surface-active Agents from Two Bacillus Species. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53:224–229.
47.Davis, L.C, L.E. Erickson, N. Narayanan, and Q.Zhang. 2003. Modeling and design of phytoremediation. p. 663–694. In S.C. McCutcheon and J.L. Schnoor (ed.) Phytoremediation: transformation and control of contaminants. Wiley, New York.
48.Deere, D., G. Vesey, N. Ashbold, K.A. Davies, K.L. Williams, and D. Veal. 1998. Evaluation of fluorochromes for flow cytometric detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts labeledby fluorescence in situ hybridization. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 27:352–356.
49.Delgado, J.A., and R.F. Follett. 2002. Carbon and nutrient cycles. J. Soil Water Conserv. 57:455–464.
50.DeLong, E.F., L.T. Taylor, T.L. Marsh, and C.M. Preston. 1999. Visualization and enumeration of marine planctonic archaeaand bacteria by using polyribonucleotide probes and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:5554–5563.
51.Demba, D.M., A. Willems, N. Vloemans, S. Cousin, T.T. Vandekerckhove, P. de Lajudie, M. Neyra, W. Vyverman, M. Gillis, and K. Van der Gucht. 2004. Polymerase chain reactiondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of the N2-fixing bacterial diversity in soil under Acacia tortilis ssp.raddiana and Balanites aegyptiaca in the dryland part of Senegal. Environ. Microbiol. 6:400–415.
52.Desai, J.D., and I.M. Banat. 1997. Microbial production of surfactants and their commercial potential. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 61: 47–64.
53.Dobereiner, J. and J.M. Day. 1976. Associative symbioses in tropical grasses: characterization of microorganisms and dinitrogen-fixing sites. p. 518–538. In W.E. Newton and C.J. Nyman (ed.) Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on N2 Fixation, Washington State University Press, Pullman.
54.Dushenkov, S, and Y. Kapulnik. 2000. Phytofiltration of metals. p. 89–106. In I. Raskin and B.D. Ensley (ed.) Phytoremediation of toxic metals. Using plants to clean up the environment. Wiley, New York.
55.Dushenkov, S. 2003. Trends in phytoremediation of radionuclides. Plant Soil 249:167–175.
56.Eckert, B., O.B. Weber, G. Kirchhof, A. Halbritter, M. Stoffels, and A. Hartmann. 2001. Azospirillum doebereinerae sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with the C(4)-grass Miscanthus. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51:17–26.
57.Edghill, L.A., A.D. Russel, M.J. Day, and J.R. Furr. 1999. Rapid evaluation of biocidal activity using a transposonencoded catechol 2,3-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida. J. Appl. Microbiol. 87:91–98.
58.Edwards, U., T. Rogall, H. Blocker, M. Emde, and E.C. Bottger. 1989. Isolation and direct complete nucleotide determination of entire genes. Characterization of a gene coding for 16S ribosomal RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:7843–7853.
59.Elizabeth, P.S. 2005. Phytoremediation. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 56:15–39.
60.Embley, T.M. and R. Wait. 1994. Structural lipids of eubacteria. p. 121-161. In M. Goodfellow et al. (ed.) Chemical methods in prokaryotic systematics. England.
61.Falk, E.C., J. Dobereiner, J.L. Johnson, and N.R. Krieg. 1985. Deoxyribonucleic acid homology of Azospirillum amazonense Magalhaes et al. 1984 and emendation of the description of the genus Azospirillum. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 35:117–118.
62.Fay, G.D., and A.L. Barry. 1972. Rapid ornithine decarboxylase test for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 23:710–713.
63.Feller, G., M. Thiry, J.L. Arpigny, and C. Gerday. 1991. Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of three lipase-encoding genes from the psychrotrophic antarctic strain Moraxella TA144. Gene. 102:111–115.
64.Garg, N., K. Bala, and R. Lal. 2011. Sphingobium lucknowense sp. nov., a hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-degrading bacterium isolated from HCH-contaminated soil. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (doi:10.1099/ijs.0.028886-0)
65.Garland, J.L., and A.L. Mills. 1991. Classification and characterization of heterotrophic microbial communities on the basis of patterns of community level sole-carbon-source utilization. Appl. Environ. Microb. 57:2351–2359.
66.Gerhardt, P., R.G.E. Murray, W.A. Wood, and N.R. Krieg. 1994. Polymerase chain reaction. Methods gen. mol. bacteriol. 19:419–432.
67.Georgiou, G., S.C. Lin, and M.M. Sharma. 1992. Surface-active compounds from microorganisms. Biotechnol. 10: 60–65.
68.Gevao, B., K.T. Semple, and K.C. Jones. 2000. Bound pesticide residuesin soils. Environ. Pollut. 108:3–14.
69.Gibson, A., M. Roper, and D. Halsall. 1988. Nitrogen fixation not associated with legumes. p. 66–88. In J.R. Wilson (ed.) Advances in nitrogen cycling in agricultural ecosystems. C.A.B. International, Wallingford, U.K.
70.Glass, D.J. 1999. U.S. and International Markets for Phytoremediation, 1999–2000. Needham, MA: D. Glass Assoc.
71.Glick, B.R. 2001. Phytoremediation: synergistic use of plants and bacteria to clean up the environment. Biotechnol. Adv. 21:383–93.
72.Glick, B.R., D.M. Penrose, and J. Li. 1998. A model for the lowering of plant ethylene concentrations by plant growth-promoting bacteria. J. Theor. Biol. 190:63–68.
73.Gobel, U.B. 1991. Targeting ribosomal RNA sequences: auniversal approach to the detection and identification of microorganisms. p. 27–36. In A. Vaheri et al. (ed.) Rapid methods and automation in microbiology and immunology. Springer, Heidelberg.
74.Gray, E.J., and D.L. Smith. 2005. Intracellular and extracellular PGPR: commonalities and distinctions in the plant-bacterium signaling processes. Soil Biol Biochem. 37:395–412.
75.Hall, P.G., and N.R. Krieg. 1984. Application of the indirect immunoperoxidase stain technique to the flagella of Azospirillum brasilense. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47:433–435.
76.Hamana, K., S. Matsuzaki, and M. Sakakibara. 1988. Completar. Int. J. Syst. Bacterial. 38:89–98.
77.Hankin, L., D.E. Hill, and G.R. Stephens. 1982. Effect of mulches on bacterial populations and enzyme activity in soil and vegetable yields. Plant Soil. 64:193–201.
78.Hansen, D, P.J. Duda, A. Zayed, and N. Terry. 1998. Selenium removal by constructed wetlands: role of biological volatilization. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32:591–597.
79.Hanson, K.G., A. Nigam, M. Kapadia, and A. Desai. 1997. Biodegradation of cruld oil contamination with Acinetobacter sp. A3. Current Microbiol. 35:191–193.
80.Harayama, S., A. Wasserfallen, P. Cerdan, and M. Rekik. 1992. Mutation modification of the substrate specificity of catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase encoded by TOL plasmid pWW0 of Pseudomonas putida. Am. Soc. Microbiol. 223–230.
81.Harayama, S., and M. Kok. 1992. Functional and evolutionary relationships among diverse oxygenase. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 46:565–601.
82.Hardy, R.W., R.C. Burns, and R.D. Holsten. 1973. Application of the acetylene-ethylene assay for measurement of nitrogen fixation. Soil Biol. Biochem. 5:47–81.
83.Harms, H., M. Bokern, M. Kolb, and C. Bock. 2003. Transformation of organic contaminants by different plant systems. p. 285–316. In S.C. McCutcheon and J.L. Schnoor (ed.) Phytoremediation: transformation and control of contaminants. Wiley, New York.
84.Harmsen, H.J.M., D. Prieur, and C. Jeanthon. 1997. Distribution of microorganisms in deepsea hydrothermal vent chimneys investigated by whole-cell hybridization and enrichment culture of thermophilic subpopulations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:2876–2883.
85.Harris, D. 1994. Analyses of DNA extracted from microbial communities. p. 111–118. In K. Ritz et al. (ed.) Beyond the biomass. Chichester, England.
86.Hartmann, A. and W. Zimmer. 1994. Physiology of Azospirillum. p. 15–39. In Y. Okon (ed.) Azospirillum/Plant associations. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
87.Hattori, T. 1993. Soil aggregates as microhabitats of microorganisms. Rep. Inst. Agric. Res. Tohoku University 37:23–36.
88.Head, I.M., D.M. Jones, and F.M. Roling. 2006. Marine microorganisms make a meal of oil. Nature Rev. 4:173–182.
89.Heiner, C.R., L.K. Hunkapiller, S.M. Chen, J.I. Glass, and E.Y. Chen. 1998. Sequencing multimegabase-template DNA using BigDye terminator chemistry. Genome. Res. 8:557–561.
90.Heinrich, D. and D. Hess. 1985. Chemotactic attraction of Azospirillum lipoferum by wheat roots and characterization of some attractants. Can. J. Microbiol. 31:26–31.
91.Helsel, L.O., D.G. Hollis, A.G. Steigerwalt, and P.N. Levett. 2006. Reclassification of Roseomonas fauriae Rihs et al. 1998 as a later heterotypic synonym of Azospirillum brasilense Tarrand et al. 1979. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 56:2753–2755.
92.Higuchi, K., K. Suzuki, H. Nakanishi, H. Yamaguchi, N.K. Nishizawa, and S. Mori. 1999. Cloning of nicotianamine synthase genes, novel genes involved in the biosynthesis of phytosiderophores. Plant Physiol. 119:471–479.
93.Hill, S., 1971. Influence of oxygen concentration on the colony type of Derxia gummosa grown on nitrogen-free media. J. Gen. Microbiol. 67:77–83.
94.Hong, M.S., W.F. Farmayan, I.J. Dortch, C.Y. Chiang, S.K. McMillan, and J.L. Schnoor. 2001. Phytoremediation of MTBE from a groundwater plume. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35:1231–1239.
95.Hopkins, D.W., and A.G. O’Donnell. 1992. Methods for extracting bacterial cells from soil. p. 104–112. In E.M.H. Wellington and J.D. Van Elsas (ed.) Genetic interactions among microorganisms in the natural environment. Pergamon, Oxford.
96.Horne, A.J. 2000. Phytoremediation by constructed wetlands. p. 13–40. In N. Terry and G. Banuelos (ed.) Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and water. Boca Raton, Lewis.
97.Howley, P.M., M.F. Israel, M-F. Law, and M.A. Martin. 1979. A rapid method for detecting and mapping homology between heterologous DNAs. Evaluation of polyomavirus genomes. J. Biol. Chem. 254:4876–4883.
98.Huang, X.D., Y. El-Alawi, D.M. Penrose, B.R. Glick, and B.M. Greenberg. 2004b. A multiprocess phytoremediation system for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soils. Environ Pollut. 130:465–476.
99.Huang, X.D., Y. El-Alawi, J. Gurska, B.R. Glick, and B.M. Greenberg. 2005. A multi-process phytoremediation system for decontamination of persistent total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from soils. Microchem. J. 81:139–147.
100.Hughes, J.B., J. Shanks, M. Vanderford, J. Lauritzen, and R. Bhadra. 1997. Transformation of TNT by aquatic plants and plant tissue cultures. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31:266–271.
101.Humble, M.W., A. King, and I. Phillips. 1977. API ZYM: a simple rapid system for the detection of bacterial enzymes. J. Clin. Path. 30:275–277.
102.Hung, M.-H., A.B. Arun, F.-T. Shen, P.D. Rekha, and C.-C. Young 2005. Indigenous rhizobia associated with native shrubby legumes in Taiwan. Pedobiologia. 49:577–584.
103.Hutchinson, S.L., A.P. Schwab, and M.K. Banks. 2003. Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere. p. 355–386. S.C. McCutcheon and J.L. Schnoor (ed.) In Phytoremediation: transformation and control of contaminants. Wiley, New York.
104.Ikushiro, H., H. Hayashi, and H. Kagamiyama. 2003. Bacterial serine palmitoyltransferase: awater-soluble homodimeric prototype of the eukaryotic enzyme. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1647:116–120.
105.Ishimoto, R., M. Sugimoto, and F. Kawai. 2001. Screening and characterization of trehalose-oleate hydrolyzing lipase. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 195:231–235.
106.Ismailov, N.M. 1988. Microflora and enzyme activities in oil-contaminated soils, Vosstanovlenie neftezagryaznennykh pochvennykh ekosistem. In M.A. Glazovskaya, (ed.) Bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil ecosystems. Moscow, Nauka.
107.Joga, M.A., X. Font, M.A. Gordillo, and F. Valero. 2001. Esterase activity by flow injection analysis (FIA). Biotechnol. Lett. 23:943–948.
108.John, H., M. Birnstiel, and K. Jones. 1969. RNA: DNA hybrids at the cytogenetical level. Nature 223:582–587.
109.Jones, K.C., R.E. Alcock, D.L. Johnson, G.L. Northcott, K.T. Semple, and P.J. Woolgar. 1996. Organic chemicals in contaminatedland: analysis, significance and research priorities. Land Contamination and Reclamation 4:189–197.
110.Kamnev, A.A., A.V. Tugarova, L.P. Antonyuk, P.A. Tarantilis, M.G. Polissiou, and P.H.E. Gardiner. 2005. Effects of heavy metals on plant-associated rhizobacteria: comparison of endophytic and non-endophytic strains of Azospirillum brasilense. J Trace Elemed Biol. 19:91–95.
111.Katterer, T., and O. Andren. 2001. The ICBM family of analytically solvedmodels of soil carbon, nitrogen and microbial biomass dynamics descriptions and application examples. Ecol. Model. 136:191–207.
112.Khammas, K.M., E. Ageron, P.A.D. Grimont, and P. Kaiser. 1989. Azospirillum irakense sp. nov., a new nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with rice roots and rhizosphere soil. Res. Microbiol. 140:679–693.
113.Khan, A.G. 2005. Role of soil microbes in the rhizospheres of plants growing on tracemetal contaminated soils in phytoremediation. J. Trace Elemed Med. Biol. 18:355–364.
114.Kireeva, N.A. 1994. Mikrobiologicheskie protsessy v neftezagryaznennykh pochvakh. In Microbiological processes in oil-contaminated soils. Ufa: Bashk. Gos, Univ.
115.Kloepper, J.W. and M.N. Schroth. 1978. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on radishes. In Proceedings of the fourth international conference on plant pathogen bacteria. 2:879–882. Angers, France.
116.Koch, B., and H.J. Evans. 1966. Reduction of acetylene to ethylene by soybean root nodules. Plant Physiol. 41:1748–1750.
117.Kupper, H, A. Mijovilovich, W. Meyer-Klaucke, and M.H. Kroneck. 2004. Tissue- and qge-dependent differences in the complexation of cadmium and zinc in the cadmium/zinc hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens (Ganges Ecotype) revealed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Plant Physiol. 134:748–757.
118.Lamm, R.B. and C.A. Neyra. 1981. Characterization and cyst production of Azospirilla isolated from selected grasses growing in New Jersey and New York. Can. J. Microbiol. 27:1320–1325.
119.Landegent, J.E., N. Jansen in de Wal, R.A. Baan, J.H.J. Hoeijmakers, and M., van der Ploeg. 1984. 2-Acetylaminofluorene-modi-fied probes for the indirect hybridocytochemical detection ofspecific nucleic acid sequences. Exp. Cell. Res. 153:61–72.
120.Lathe, R., 1985. Synthetic oligonucleotide probes deduced fromamino acid sequence data. Theoretical and practical considera tions. J. Mol. Biol. 183:11–12.
121.Lavrinenko, K., E. Chernousova, E. Gridneva, G. Dubinina, V. Akimov, J. Kuever, A. Lysenko, and M. Grabovich. 2010. Azospirillum thiophilum sp. nov., a novel diazotrophic bacterium isolated from a sulfide spring. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60:2832–2837
122.Law, B.F., S. Stone, D. Frazer, and P.D. Siegel. 2006. Characterization of laboratory simulated road paving-like asphalt by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 3:343–350.
123.Lenhard, G. 1956. The dehydrogenase activity in soil as a measure of the activity of soil microganisms. Z Pfanzenernah Dung Bondenkd. 73:1–11.
124.Li, X., P. Li, X. Lin, C. Zhang, Q. Li, and Z. Gong. 2008. Biodegradation of aged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by microbial consortia in soil and slurry phases. J. Hazard. Mater. 150:21–26.
125.Lin, S.-Y., C.-C.Young, H. Hupfer, C. Siering, A.B. Arun, W.-M. Chen, W.-A. Lai, F.-T. Shen, P.D. Rekha, and A.F.Yassin. 2009. Azospirillum picis sp. nov., isolated from discarded tar. Int. J. Syst.Evol. Microbiol. 59:761–765.
126.Lin, T.-F., H.-I. Huang, F.-T. Shen, and C.-C. Young. 2006. The protons of gluconic acid are the major factor responsible for the dissolution of tricalcium phosphate by Burkholderia cepacia CC-A174. Bioresour. Technol. 97:957–960.
127.Lopez-de-Victoria, G. and C.R. Lovell. 1993. Chemotaxis of Azospirillum species to aromatic compounds. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:2951–2955.
128.Lopez-de-Victoria, G., D.R. Fielder, R.K. Zimmer-Faust, and C.R. Lovell. 1994. Motility behavior of Azospirillum species in response to aromatic compounds. Can. J. Microbiol. 40:705–711.
129.Lovley, D.R. 2003. Cleaning up with genomics: applying molecular biology to remediation. Nature Rev. 1:35–44.
130.Ludwig, W., and K.H. Schleifer. 1994. Bacterial phylogeny based on 16S and 23S rRNA sequence analysis. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 15:155–173.
131.Lytle, C.M, F.W. Lytle, N. Yang, J.H. Qian, D. Hansen, A. Zayed, and N. Terry. 1998. Reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by wetland plants: potential for in situ heavy metal detoxification. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32:3087–3093.
132.Mahler, H.R., and E.H. Cordes. 1971. In Biological Chemistry. Harper and Row, New York.
133.Mandels, M., and E.T. Reese. 1957. Induction of cellulase in fungi by cellobiose. J. Bacteriol. 73:816–826.
134.Mandels, M., and E.T. Reese. 1957. Induction of cellulase in Trichoderma viride as influenced by carbon sources and metals. J. Bacteriol. 73:269–278.
135.Margesin, R, A. Zimmerbauer, and F. Schinner. 1999. Soil lipase activity-a useful indicator of oil biodegradation. Biotechnol. Tech. 13: 859–863
136.Margesin, R., G. Feller, M. Hammerle, U. Stegner, and F. Schinner. 2002. A colorimertic method for the determination of lipase activity in soil. Biotechnol. Lett. 24:27–33.
137.Marmur, J., and P. Doty. 1962. Determination of the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from its thermal denaturation temperature. J. Mol. Biol. 5:109–118.
138.Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. p. 889. Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
139.Mattson, A.M., C.O. Jensen, and A.R. Dutcher. 1947. Triphenyltetrazolium-chloride as a dye for vital tissue. Science. 106:294–295.
140.McCutcheon, S.C, V.F. Medina, and S.L. Larson. 2003. Proof of phytoremediation for explosivesin water and soil. p. 429–480. S.C. McCutcheon and J.L. Schnoor (ed.) In Phytoremediation: transformation and control of contaminants, Wiley, New York.
141.McCutcheon, S.C., and J.L. Schnoor. 2003. Overview of phytotransformation and control of wastes. p. 3–58. S.C. McCutcheon and J.L. Schnoor (ed.) In Phytoremediation: transformation and control of contaminants, Wiley, New York.
142.Mehnaz, S., B. Weselowski, and G. Lazarovits. 2007a. Azospirillum canadense sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from corn rhizosphere. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 57:620–624.
143.Mesbah, M., U. Premachandran, and W.B. Whitman. 1989. Precise measurement of the G+C content of deoxyribonucleic acid by highperformance liquid chromatography. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 39:159–167.
144.Meyer, S., R. Moser, A. Neef, U. Stahl, and P. Kampfer. 1999. Differential detection of key enzymes of polyaromatic-hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria using PCR and gene probes. Microbiol. 145:1731–1741.
145.Michiels, K.W., C.L. Croes, and J. Vanderleyden. 1991. Two differentmodes of attachment of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 to wheatroots. J. Gen. Microbiol. 137:2241–2246.
146.Minnikin, D.E., A.G. O’Donnell, M. Goodfellow, G. Alderson, M. Athalye, K. Schaal, and J.H. Parlett. 1984. An integrated procedure for the extraction of bacterial isoprenoid quinones and polar lipids. J. Microbiol. Methods. 2:233–241.
147.Moens, S., K. Michiels, V. Keijers, F. Van Leuven, and J. Vanderley-den. 1995. Cloning, sequencing, and phenotypic analysis oflaf1, encoding the flagellin of the lateral flagella of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7. J. Bacteriol. 177:5419–5426.
148.Moller, V. 1954. Distribution of amino acid decarboxylases in Enterobacteriaceae. Acta. Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 35:259 –277.
149.More, M., J.B. Herrick, M.C. Silva, W.C. Ghiorse, and E.L. Madsen. 1994. Quantitative cell lysis of indigenous microorganisms and rapid extraction of microbial DNA from sediment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:1572–1580.
150.Moter, A., and U.B. Gobel. 2000. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for direct visualization of microorganisms. J. Microbiol. Methods 41: 85–112.
151.Moter, A., C. Hoenig, B.-K. Choi, B. Riep, and U.B. Gobel. 1998a. Molecular epidemiology of oral treponemes associated withperiodontal disease. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:1399–1403.
152.Muratova, A.Y., O.V. Turkovskaya, L.P. Antonyuk, O.E. Makarov, L.I. Pozdnyakova, and V.V. Ignatov. 2005. Oil-oxidizing potential of associative rhizobacteria of the genus Azospirillum. Microbiology. 74:210–215.
153.Muyzer, G., and N.B. Ramsing. 1995. Molecular methods to study the organization of microbial communities. Wat. Sci. Tech. 32:1–9.
154.Muyzer, G., E.C. de Waal, and A. Uitterlinden. 1993. Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16S rRNA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:695–700.
155.Negri, M.C., and R.R. Hinchman. 2000. The use of plants for the treatment of radionuclides. p. 107–132. I. Raskin and B.D. Ensley (ed.) In Phytoremediation of toxic metals. Using plants to clean up the environment. Wiley, New York.
156.Newman, L.A., S.E. Strand, N. Choe, J. Duffy, and G. Ekuan. 1997. Uptake and biotransformation of trichloroethylene by hybrid poplars. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31:1062–1067.
157.Normander, B, N.B. Hendriksen, and O. Nybroe. 1999. Green fluorescent protein-marked Pseudomonas fluorescens: localization, viability, and activity in the natural barley rhizosphere. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:4646–4651.
158.Nriagu, J.O. 1979. Global inventory of natural and anthropogenic emissions of trace metalsto the atmosphere. Nature 279:409–411.
nucleotide probing of whole cells for determinative, phylogenetic, and environmental studies in microbiology. J. Bacteriol. 172:762–770.
159.Okon, Y, and C.A. Labandera-Gonzalez. 1994. Agronomic applications of Azospirillum: an evaluation of 20 years world-wide field inoculation. Soil Biol. Biochem. 26:1591–1601.
160.Okon, Y. 1994. In Azospirillum/plant associations, p. 175. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
161.Okon, Y. and J. Vanderleyden. 1997. Root-associated Azospirillum species can stimulate plants. ASM News 63:366–370.
162.Olson, P.E., K.F. Reardon, and E.A.H. Pilon-Smits. 2003. Ecology of rhizosphere bioremediation. p. 317–354. S.C. McCutcheon and J.L. Schnoor (ed.) In Phytoremediation: transformation and control of contaminants. Wiley, New York.
163.Pace, N.R., D.A. Stahl, D.J. Lane, and G.J. Olsen. 1985. The analysis of natural microbial populations by ribosomal RNA sequences. Am. Soc. Microbiol. News. 51:4–12.
164.Pancholy, S.K., and J.Q. Lynd. 1972. Quantitative fluorescence analysis of soil lipase activity. Soil Biol. Biochem. 4:257–259.
165.Pardue, M.L., and J.G., Gall. 1969. Molecular hybridization ofradioactive DNA to the DNA of cytological preparations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 6464:600–604.
166.Patriquin, D.G., J. Dobereiner, and D.K. Jain. 1983. Sites and processes of association between diazotrophs and grasses. Can. J. Microbiol. 29:900–915.
167.Patten, C.L., and B.R. Glick. 2002. Regulation of indole acetic acid production in Pseudomonas putida GR 12-2 by tryptophan and the stationery-phase sigma factor RpoS. Can. J. Microbiol. 48:635–642.
168.Pattern, C.L., and R.B. Glick. 1996. Bacterial biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid. Can. J. Microbiol. 42:207–220.
169.Peng, G., H. Wang, G. Zhang, W. Hou, Y. Liu, E.T. Wang, and Z. Tan. 2006. Azospirillum melinis sp. nov., a group of diazotrophs isolated from tropical molasses grass. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 56:1263–1271.
170.Perrig, D., M.L. Boiero, O.A. Masciarelli, C. Penna, O.A. Ruiz, F.D. Cassan, and M.V. Luna. 2007. Plant-growth-promoting compounds produced by two agronomically important strains of Azospirillum brasilense, and implication for inoculant formulation. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 75:1143–1150.
171.Perucci, P., C. Casucci, and D. Dumonet. 2000. An improved method to evaluate o-diphenol oxidase activity of soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 11:1927–1933.
172.Pignatello, J.J. and B. Xing. 1996. Mechanisms of slow sorption oforganic chemicals to natural particles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30:1–11.
173.Pinkel, D., J. Ladegent, C. Collins, J. Fuscoe, R. Segraves, J. Lucas, and J. Gray. 1988. Fluorescence in situ hybridizationwith human chromosome-specific libraries: detection of tri-somy 21 and translocations of chromosome 4. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:9138–9142.
174.Pinkel, D., T. Straume, and J.W. Gray. 1986. Cytogenetic analysis using quantitative, high-density, fluorescence hybridization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:2934–2938.
175.Pokorna, V. 1964. Method of determining the lipolytic activity of upland and lowland peats and muds. Soviet. Soil Sci. 1:85–87.
176.Poly, F., L.J. Monrozier, and R. Bally. 2001. Improvement in the RFLP procedure for studying the diversity of nifH genes in communities of nitrogen fixers in soil. Res. Microbiol. 152:95–103.
177.Raskin, I, R.D. Smith, and D.E. Salt. 1997. Phytoremediation of metals: using plants to removepollutants from the environment. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 8:221–226.
178.Reid, B.J., K.C. Jones, and K.T. Semple. 2000. Bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants in soils and sediments- a perspective on mechanisms, consequences and assessment. Environ. Pollut. 108:103–112.
179.Reinhold, B., T. Hurek, and I. Fendrik. 1985. Strain-specific chemotaxis of Azospirillumspp. J. Bacteriol. 162:190–195.
180.Reinhold, B., T. Hurek, I. Fendrik, B. Pot, M. Gillis, K. Kersters, S. Thielemans, and J.D. Ley. 1987. Azospirillum halopraeferens sp. nov., a Nitrogen-Fixing Organism Associated with Roots of Kallar Grass (Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 37:43–51.
181.Rozen, S., and H.J. Skaletsky. 2000. Primer 3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers. p. 365–386. S. Krawetz and S. Misener (ed.) In Bioinformatics methods and protocols: methods in molecular biology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ.
182.Ruark, G.A., and S.J. Zarnoch. 1992. Soil carbon, nitrogen and fine root biomass sampling in a pine stand. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 56:1945–1950.
183.Rugh, C.L., H.D. Wilde, N.M. Stack, D.M. Thompson, A.O. Summers, and R.B. Meagher. 1996. Mercuric ion reduction and resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing a modified bacterial merA gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:3182–3187.
184.Sadasivan, L., and C.A. Neyra. 1985. Flocculation in Azospirillum brasilense and Azospirillum lipoferum: exopolysaccharides and cyst formation. J. Bacteriol. 163:716–723.
185.Sadasivan, L., and C.A. Neyra. 1987. Cyst production and brown pigment formation in aging cultures of Azospirillum brasilense ATCC 29145. J. Bacteriol. 169:1670–1677.
186.Salt, D.E., M. Blaylock, N.P.B.A. Kumar, V. Dushenkov, and B.D. Ensley. 1995. Phytoremediation: a novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants. Biotechnology 13:468–474.
187.Sambrook, J., and D.W. Russell. 2001. XXXXX. p. A8.40–A8.49. J. Sambrook and D.W. Russell (ed.) In Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York.
188.Sasser, M. 1990. Identification of bacteria by gas chromatography of cellular fatty acids, MIDI Technical Note 101. Newark, DE: MIDI Inc.
189.Saxena, B., M. Modi, and V. Modi. 1986. Isolation and characterization of siderophores from Azospirillum lipoferum D-2. J. Gen. Microbiol. 132:2219–2224.
190.Schnoor, J.L., L.A. Licht, S.C. McCutcheon, N.L. Wolfe, and L.H. Carreira. 1995. Phytoremediation of organic and nutrient contaminants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29:318–323.
191.Schonhuber, W., B. Fuchs, S. Juretschko, R. Amann. 1997. Improved sensitivity of whole-cell hybridization by the combination of horseradish peroxidase-labeled oligonucleotides and tyramide signal amplification. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:3268–3273.
192.Schrenk, M.O., D.S. Kelley, J.R. Delaney, and J.A. Baross. 2003. Incidence and diversity of microorganisms within the walls of an active deep-sea sulfide chimney. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:3580–3592.
193.Schwyn, B., and J.B. Neilands. 1987. Universal chemical assay for the detection and determination of siderophores. Anal. Biochem. 160:47–56.
194.Seldin, L., and D. Dubnau. 1985. Deoxyribonucleic acid homology among B. polymyxa, B. macerans, B. azotofixans and other nitrogen-fixing Bacillus strains. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 35:151–154.
195.Semple, K.T., A.W.J. Morriss, and G.I. Paton. 2003. Bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants insoils: fundamental concepts and techniques for analysis. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 54:809–818.
196.Seshadri, S., R. Muthukumarasamy, C. Lakshinarasimhan, and S. Ignacimuthu. 2000. Solubilization of inorganic phosphates by Azospirillum halopraeferans. Curr. Sci. 79:565–567.
197.Shang, T.Q., L.A. Newman, and M.P. Gordon. 2003. Fate of tricholorethylene in terrestrial plants. p. 529–560. S.C. McCutcheon and J.L. Schnoor (ed.) In Phytoremediation: transformation and control of contaminants. Wiley, New York.
198.Sheffield, V.C., D.R. Cox, L.S. Lerman, and R.M. Myers. 1989. Attachment of a 40-base pair G+C-rich sequence (GC-clamp) to genomic DNA fragments by the polymerase chain reaction results in improved detection of single-base changes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 86:232–236.
199.Shen, F.-T., and C.-C. Young. 2005. Rapid detection and identification of the metabolically diverse genus Gordonia by 16S rRNA-gene-targeted genus-specific primers. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 250:221–227.
200.Shirai, K., and R.L. Jackson. 1982. Lipoprotein lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate. J. Biol. Chem. 257:1253–1258.
201.Spear, R.N., S. Li, E.V. Nordheim, and J.H. Andrews. 1999. Quantitative imaging and statistical analysis of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of Aureobasidium pullulans. J. Mi crobiol. Methods 35:101–110.
202.Sriprang, R, M. Hayashi, H. Ono, M. Takagi, K. Hirata, and Y. Murooka. 2003. Enhanced accumulation of Cd2+ by a Mesorhizobium sp. transformed with a gene from Arabidopsis thaliana coding for phytochelatin synthase. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:1791–1796.
203.Stackbrandt, E., W. Frederiksen, G.M. Garrity, PAD. Grimont, P. Kampfer, M.C.J. Maiden, X. Nesme, R. Rossello-Mora, J. Swings, H.G. Truper, L. Vauterin, A.C. Ward, and W.B. Whitman. 2002. Report of the ad hoc committee for the re-evaluation of the species definition in bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 52:1043–1047.
204.Stackebrandt, E., and B.M. Goebel. 1994. A place for DNA-DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:846–849.
205.Steenhoudt, O., and J. Vanderleyden. 2000. Azospirillum, a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium closely associated with grasses: genetic, biochemical and ecological aspects. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 24:487–506.
206.Stephan, U.W., I. Schmidke, V.W. Stephan, and G. Scholz. 1996. The nicotianamine molecule ismade-to-measure for complexation of metal micronutrients in plants. Biometals 9:84–90.
207.Stoffels, M, T. Castellanos, and A. Hartmann. 2001. Design and application of new 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes for the Azospirillum-Skermanella-Rhodocista-Cluster. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 24:83–97.
208.Suzuki, M.T., and S.J. Giovannoni. 1996. Bias caused by template annealing in the amplification of mixtures of 16S rRNA genes by PCR. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:625–630.
209.Szwerinski, H., S. Gaiser, D. Bardtke. 1985. Immunofluorescence for the quantitative determination of nitrifying bacteria: interference of the test in biofilm reactors. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 21:125–128.
210.Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 2002. p. 690. Plant physiology. MA, Sinauer, Sunderland.
211.Tal, S., and Y. Okon. 1985. Production of the reserve material poly-L-hydroxybutyrate and its function in Azospirillum brasilense Cd. Can. J. Microbiol. 31:608–613.
212.Tal, S., P. Smirnoff, and Y. Okon. 1990. The regulation of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate metabolism in Azospirillum brasilense during balanced growth and starvation. J. Gen. Microbiol. 136:1191–1196.
213.Tamura, K., J. Dudley, M. Nei, and S. Kumar. 2007. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24:1596–1599.
214.Tarrand, J.J., N.R. Krieg, and J. Dobereiner. 1978. A taxonomic study of the Spirillumlipoferum group, with descriptions of a new genus, Azospirillum gen. nov., and two species, Azospirillum lipoferum (Beijerinck) comb. nov. and Azospirillum brasilense sp. nov. Can. J. Microbiol. 24:967–980.
215.Terry, N., A. Zayed, E. Pilon-Smits, and D. Hansen. 1995. Can plants solve the selenium problem? p. 63-64. In Proc. 14th Annu. Symp., Curr. Top. Plant Biochem., Physiol. Mol. Biol.: Will plants have a role in bioremediation? Univ. Missouri, Columbia.
216.Thalmann, A. 1968. Zur Methodik der Bestimmung der Dehydrogenase aktivitat im Boden mittels Triphenyltetrazolium- chlorid (TTC). Landwirtsch Forsch. 21:249–258.
217.Thompson, J.D., T.J. Gibson, F. Plewniak, F. Jeanmougin, and D.G. Higgins. 1997. The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided byquality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:4876–4882.
218.Thuler, D, E. Flosh, W. Handro, and M. Barbosa. 2003. Plant growth regulators and amino acids released by Azospirillum sp. In chemically defined medium. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 37:174–178.
219.Tien, T.M., M.H. Gaskins, and D.H. Hubbell. 1979. Plant growth substancesproduced by Azospirillum brasilense and their effect on thegrowth of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L.). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 37:1016–1024.
220.Toledo, F.L., C. Calvo, B. Rodelas, and J. Gonzalez-Lopez. 2006. Selection and identification of bacteria isolated from waste crude oil with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons removal capacities. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 29:244–252.
221.Torsvik, V., J. Goksoyr, F.L. Daae, R. Sorheim, J. Michalsen, and K. Salte. 1994. Use of DNA analysis to determine the diversity of microbial communities. p. 39–48. Beyond the Biomass, Wiley, New York.
222.Trapp, S., and C. McFarlane. 1995. Plant Contamination: modeling and simulation of organic processes. p. 254. Boca Raton, FL, Lewis.
223.Vesey, G., D. Deere, M.R. Gauci, K.R. Griffiths, K.L. Williams, and D.A. Veal. 1997. Evaluation of fluorochromes and excitation sources for immunofluorescence in water samples. Cytometry 29: 147–154.
224.Vincent, J.M. 1970. A manual for the practical study of root-nodule bacteria. IBP handbook No. 75. Blackwells, Oxford.
225.Von Wiren, N., S. Klair, S. Bansal, J.F. Briat, H. Khodr, and T. Shiori. 1999. Nicotianamine chelates both FeIII and FeII. Implications for metal transport in plants. Plant physiol. 119:1107–1114.
226.Wagner, M., M. Schmid, S. Juretschko, K.-H. Trebesius, A. Bubert, W. Goebel, and K.-H. Schleifer. 1998. In situ detection of avirulence factor mRNA and 16S rRNA in Listeria monocyto genes. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 160:159–168.
227.Wagner, M., R. Amann, H. Lemmer, and K.H. Schleifer. 1993. Probing activated sludge with proteobacteria-specific oligonucleotides: inadequacy of culture-dependent methods for describing microbial community structure. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:1520–1525.
228.Wallace, R.B., J. Shaffer, R.F. Murphy, J. Bonner, T. Hirose, and K. Itakura. 1979. Hybridization of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides to phi chi 174 DNA: the effect of single base pair mismatch. Nucleic Acids Res. 6:3543–3557.
229.Wery, N., U. Gerike, A. Sharman, J.B. Chaudhuri, D.W. Hough, and M.J. Danson. 2003. Use of a packed-column bioreactor for isolation of diverse protease-producing bacteria from antarctic soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:1457–1464.
230.Wessendorf, M.W., and T.C. Brelje. 1992. Which fluorophore is the brightest? A comparison of the staining obtained using fluorescein, tetramethylrhodamine, lissamine rhodamine, Texas Red, and cyanine 3.18. Histochemistry. 98: 81–85.
231.Winnike-McMillan, S.K., Q. Zhang, L.C. Davis, L.E. Erickson, and J.L. Schnoor. 2003. Phytoremediation of methyl tertiary-butyl ether. p. 805–828. S.C. McCutcheon and J.L. Schnoor (ed.) In Phytoremediation: transformation and control of contaminants. Wiley, New York.
232.Woese, C.R, O. Kandler, and M.L. Wheelis. 1990. Towards a natural system of organisms: Proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87:4576–4579.
233.Xie, C.H., and A. Yokota. 2005. Azospirillum oryzae sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from the roots of the rice plant Oryza sativa. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 55:1435–1438.
234.Xing, B. and J.J. Pignatello. 1997. Dual-model sorption of low-polaritycompounds in glassy poly(vinyl chloride) and soil organic matter. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31:792–799.
235.Yee, D.C., J.A. Maynard, and T.K. Wood. 1998. Rhizoremediation of trichloroethylene by a recombinant, root-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens strain expressing toluene ortho-monooxygenase constitutively. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:112–118.
236.Yim, M.-S., Y.C.W. Yau, A. Matlow, J.-S. So, J. Zou, C.A. Flemming, H. Schraft, and K.T. Leung. 2010. A novel selective growth medium-PCR assay to isolate and detect Sphingomonas in environmental samples. J. Microbiol. Meth. 82:19–27.
237.Young, C.-C. 1984. Autotoxication in root exudates of Asparagus efficinalis. Plant Soil. 82:247–253.
238.Young, C.-C., H. Hupfer, C. Siering, M.-J. Ho, A.B. Arun, W.-A. Lai, P.D. Rekha, F.-T. Shen, M.-H. Hung, W.-M. Chen, and A.F. Yassin. 2008. Azospirillum rugosum sp. nov., isolated from oil-contaminated soil. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 58:959–963.
239.Young, C.-C., S.-Y. Lin, A.B. Arun, F.-T. Shen, W.-M. Chen, P.D. Rekha, S. Langer, Hans-Jurgen Busse, Y.-H. Wu, and P. Kampfer. 2009. Algoriphagus olei sp. nov., isolated from oil contaminated soil. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59:2909–2915.
240.Zarda, B., R. Amann, W. Wallner, K.-H. Schleifer. 1991. Identification of single bacterial cells using digoxigenin-labelled, rRNA-targeted oligonucleotides. J. Gen. Microbiol.137:2823–2830.
241.Zelles, L. 1999. Fatty acid patterns of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides in the characterization of microbial communities in soil: a review. Biol. Fert. Soils 29:111–129.
242.Zhang, Y.M., and R.M. Miller. 1992. Enhanced octadecane dispersion and biodegradation by a Pseudomonas Rhamnolipid surfactant (biodurfactant). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:3276–3282.
243.Zhou, Y., W. Wei, X. Wang, L. Xu, and R. Lai. 2009. Azospirillum palatum sp. nov., isolated from forest soil in Zhejiang province, China. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 55:1–7.
244.Zhulin, I.B. and J.P. Armitage. 1993. Motility, chemokinesis, and methylation-independent chemotaxis in Azospirillum brasilense. J. Bacteriol. 175:952–958.
245.Zimmer, C., and U. Wahnert. 1986. Nonintercalating DNA-binding ligands: specificity of the interaction and their use as tools in biophysical, biochemical and biological investigations of the genetic materials. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 47:31–112.
246.Zita, A, and M. Hermansson. 1997. Determination of bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity of single cells in cultures and in wastewater in situ. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 152:299–306.