臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

墾丁珊瑚礁受到陸源營養輸入與過度捕撈的影響，遭受相變的威脅。陸源輸入的營養當中以氮元素對初級生產力的影響最大。為了防止珊瑚礁持續劣化，必須發展氮收支模式，瞭解氮元素在珊瑚礁群集的時空變化，協助管理當局擬定經營管理的策略。本研究引用相關研究數據，以南灣海水背景及人為硝酸氮輸入通量和生態池內草食動物等釋出氨氮，設定為系統輸入氮量。估計珊瑚、海葵與大型藻生物的氮吸收量。結果得知控制組的珊瑚礁生產者，約吸存6 % 輸入中觀生態池的氮量，其中主要氮庫（nitrogen pool）與儲存量大小依次序為珊瑚、浮游藻、網地藻。優養化的珊瑚礁生產者吸存18%之輸入氮量，主要氮庫與儲氮量則是食用松藻、珊瑚、浮游藻。比較優養化的珊瑚礁有無草食者的影響，有草食者共存的生產者約吸存26% 輸入氮量，主要氮庫是總狀蕨藻、法囊藻、珊瑚；移除大型草食者則是食用松藻顯著增加，生產者吸存輸入氮量提高至48 %，主要氮庫是食用松藻、總狀蕨藻、法囊藻。有草食者存在的珊瑚礁其氮再循環率高於無草食者之珊瑚礁。由本研究可知增加硝酸鹽輸入與移除大型草食動物，將改變海洋生物氮庫的大小，可能改變海洋氮元素的生物地質化學循環。建議未來墾丁珊瑚礁的經營管理方略宜著眼於二方面：1.設置海洋保護區，提供大型草食動物免於人類活動干擾的棲息地，避免珊瑚礁遭受相變的威脅2.落實污水處理與管制廢水排放，降低輸入海洋的氮量。

The coral reef in Nanwan Bay undergoes the phase shift because of excessive nutrient loading and overfishing. Among them, nitrogen is an important element to affect the primary production. In order to establish the control model for coral degradation, we have investigated the nitrogen budget which states the nitrogen variation in temporal and space in this study. Almost 6% of system nitrogen was absorbed by the control producers of the coral reef mesocosm. The order of major nitrogen pools and their size rank are coral, phytoplankton and Dictyota cervicornis. However, 18% of system nitrogen was immersed by the producers of eutrophic coral reef mesocosm, and the order of the major nitrogen pools and their size rank were Codium edule, coral and phytoplankton. Compared to the herbivores effect in eutrophic mesocosm, the producers coexist with herbivores uptake 18% nitrogen and the producers without herbivores uptake 48%. The major nitrogen pools of existed herbivores are Caulerpa racemosa, Valonia aegagropila and coral, and the others are Codium edule, Caulerpa racemosa, Valonia aegagropila. The nitrogen recycling rate of coexist-herbivores reef is higher than the one doesn’t have herbivores. Our conclusion is that the nitrogen pools in the marine biota would change overtime if more unnecessary nutrients are loaded and the herbivores are removed from coral reef .The extra nitrogen would interfere the marine nitrogen cycling and further the global nitrogen cycle. In the future, the better coral reef management should be focused on the treatment and drain of the sewage, and the marine protected area for saving the coral reef can avoid phase shift.

總目次
中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
總目次 iii
表目次 v
圖目次 vi
第一章、前言 1
一、珊瑚礁的相變 1
二、氮元素的重要性 1
三、優養下的珊瑚礁與大型藻 2
四、研究目標 3
第二章、材料與方法 4
一、中觀生態池簡介 4
（一）硬體設置與維持 4
（二）生物配置 4
二、實驗設計說明 5
（一）第一次實驗：草食作用與有無營養鹽添加 5
（二）第二次實驗：營養鹽添加與有無草食動物 5
三、氮收支計算 6
（一）硝酸氮收支計算 6
（二）氨氮收支計算 8
四、統計方法 12
五、氮再循環率（Nitrogen recycling rate） 12
第三章、結果 14
一、第一次實驗： 14
(一) 生物量變化 14
(二) GC1 氮收支 14
(三) GC40 氮收支 14
(四) GE1 氮收支 14
(五) GE40 氮收支 15
二、第二次實驗：有無草食動物 15
(一)生物量變化 15
(二) GE II 1 氮收支 15
(三) GE II 58 氮收支 16
(四) E 1氮收支 16
(五) E 58氮收支 16
三、收支模式比較 16
（一）氮庫的比較 16
（二）氮再循環率的比較 17
第四章、討論 18
一、氮庫的改變 18
二、影響藻類吸收營養的因子 18
三、草食作用下的藻類 19
四、珊瑚的營養 20
五、其他動物的變化 21
六、海洋保育 22
（一）設立海洋保護區 22
（二）管制污水排放與放流水建議標準值 22
第五章、結論 24
第六章、參考文獻 25

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