臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

負向促發效果為對於先前忽略的訊息反應較差的現象。雖然負向促發乃一穩定的效果，其在偵測項干擾物不存在的情況下往往消失。偵測項干擾物之所以重要有兩個可能性，一為其能與偵測項目標物的處理互相競爭，二為其能提供促發項與偵測項間相似的情境。本研究同時檢驗此兩因子，發現競爭力強弱與相似性高低均能影響負向促發效果。本研究指出偵測項干擾物為何重要，並顯示記憶提取說最能解釋本研究的實驗結果。

The roles of probe distractors in negative priming as competitor with probe target and a base of perceptual similarity for memory retrieval was examined in four experiments. In the context where prime target, prime distractors, and probe target were all strong competitors via repetition, negative priming was reduced when probe distractors were novel stimuli whereas highly activated probe distractors led to larger effect. Enhancing the contrast in perceptual similarity overshadowed the impact of competition and strongly moderated negative priming with larger effect when identical configuration was used in a prime-probe couplet. We account larger negative priming in the former as reflecting delayed algorithmic computation due to strong competition by probe distractors and larger priming in the latter as reflecting speeded memory retrieval of prime display due to perceptual similarity. Implications for theoretical models are also discussed.

緒論…………………………………………………………………….………1
負向促發效果的重要性………………………………………………….1
負向促發效果的解釋架構……………………………………………….4
負向促發效果的廣泛性………………………………………………….8
負向促發效果的限制：偵測項干擾物依賴性………………………….9
核心議題：偵測項干擾物的效果………………………………………10
研究目的………………………………………………………………...13
研究方法之設定與設定之考量………………………………………...14
實驗一：單獨檢驗偵測項干擾物競爭力的效果……………………………16
實驗二：以空間配置操弄情境相似性，同時檢驗偵測項干擾物競爭力與情境相似性的效果………………………………………………………...20
實驗三：以顏色操弄情境相似性，同時檢驗偵測項干擾物競爭力與情境相似性的效果……………………………………………….……………..27
實驗四：加大不同空間配置間的差異，同時檢驗偵測項干擾物競爭力與情境相似性的效果.………………………………………………………..31
實驗五：增強空間配置的操弄，同時檢驗偵測項干擾物競爭力與情境相似性的效果…………………………………….…………………………..36
綜合討論……………………………………………………………………...42
負向促發效果理論之評估……………………………….……………..43
負向促發研究中的情境相似性效果………………………….………..46
負向促發研究中的促進與抑制效果…………………………………...48
總結………………………………………………………………….…..51
參考文獻…………………………………………………………….………..52

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