臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

大鱗副泥鰍 (Paramisgurnus dabryanus)，是一種全台灣很常見的淡水魚但與其相關資訊卻十分稀少。他屬於鰍科，居於稻田之中又時常被錯認為泥鰍(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)。大鱗副泥鰍利用稻田繁殖育苗也從中獲取食物，換句話說，稻田也屬於它們生命週期的一部分。由於現代排水系統的改良，水田、灌溉溝渠和小溪之間的連接已沒了，而魚類種群的數目也開始下降。因此，魚道的出現就是為了重現這些特徵之間的連接。此研究所選用的魚道材料為高密度波浪型聚乙烯管，一種便宜又簡易使用的管子。此實驗的目的是建立魚道以及尋找管道放置角度和排放的最佳組合範例，大鱗副泥鰍為研究的目標種類。在此研究當中，嘗試使用不同管道角度以及排放位置來找出最適當的組合，發現到不同的角度、不同斜率、性別及年齡皆會影響魚遷移地成功率。之後，這個實驗被測試於台灣宜蘭元善區的大湖農田之中，發現無論是在室內的實驗當中或者在田地實驗當中，泥鰍都能夠成功地在上游遷移。

Paramisgurnus dabryanus also known as the Chinese loach (Lin et al. 1991), is a common fresh water fish that can be found all around Taiwan but little information is known from it. It belongs to the Cobitidae family, can be found habiting paddy fields and is usually mixed and confused with the Misgurnus anguillicadatus.
Loaches uses paddy fields to reproduce, nursery ground and obtain food, in other words paddy fields are part of their life cycle. Due to the modern drainage systems, the connection between paddy fields, irrigation ditches and creeks has been lost. As a result of this, the population of fish started to decline. In order to restore back the connection between this features, a fishway is needed. The fishway material chosen for this study was that of corrugated high-density polyethylene pipe or HDPE pipe, a cheap and easy to use kind of pipe. The purpose of this experiment is to provide the best combination of angles and discharges to build a fishway using corrugated HDPE pipe having Paramisgurnus dabryanus as the target species.
During this experiment, fishes where tested in a variety of angles and discharges to see which combination suited them the most. It was found in this experiment that different angles, different slopes, gender and age class had influence on the success percentage. After this, the experiment was taken and tested in the field at Taiwan, Yilan County, Yuan-shan district, Dahu area. The loaches were successful for the upstream migration during the indoor experiment as well as the field experiment.

Table of Contents
摘要 3
Abstract 4
1 Introduction 11
1.1 Fishways 11
1.1.1 Fishway designs 12
1.1.2 Different types of fishways, traditional fishways 13
1.1.3 HDPE pipe fishways 17
1.1.4 Comparison between old fishways and HDPE pipe fishways 19
1.2 Chinese loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) 22
1.2.1 Confusion with Misgurnus anguillicaudatus 23
1.2.2 Habitat 24
1.2.3 Uses 25
1.2.4 Features for identification 26
1.2.5 Diet and reproduction 27
1.3 Fishes and paddy fields 28
1.4 Research gap and motivation 30
1.5 Research purpose 31
2. Materials and methods 32
2.1 Indoor experiment design 32
2.2 Study site 38
2.3 Environmental data 42
2.4 Field experiment design 44
2.5 Statistical analysis and other analysis 49
3. Results and discussion 50
3.1 Indoor experiment analysis 50
3.1.1 Three hours analysis 53
3.1.2 Six hours analysis 56
3.2 Field experiment 62
4. Conclusions 71
References 72
Appendix 76

List of Tables

Table 1.1. Pros and cons of the traditional fishways and HDPE pipe fishways. 19
Table 1.2. Price for HDPE pipe in Taiwan. 20
Table 1.3. Difference between Paramisgurnus dabryanus and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus 23
Table 2.1. Water quality from field experiment site, 2015/4/18 47
Table 3.1. Fishes tested for experiment of 3° to 15°. 50
Table 3.2. Fishes tested for experiment of 0°. 51
Table 3.3. GLM analysis for successfully migrated fishes after 6 hours experiment 56
Table 3.4a. Duncan test for adult fishes success percentage. 57
Table 3.4b. Duncan test for juvenile fishes success percentage. 57
Table 3.5a. Duncan test for male fishes success percentage 59
Table 3.5b. Duncan test for female fishes success percentage 59
Table 3.6. Water condition results, 2015/1/27. 62
Table 3.7a. Da-hu field 1 results. 63
Table 3.7b. Da-hu field 2 results. 63
Table 3.7c. Da-hu field 3 results. 63
Table 3.7d. Da-hu field 4 results. 64
Table 3.7e. Chuantsaitou creek results. 64
Table 3.8. Fishes tested for experiment field experiment. 65

List of Figures

Fig 1.1. Ventrical slot fishway 13
Fig 1.2a. Plain denil fishway 14
Fig 1.2b. Steeppass denil fishway 15
Fig 1.3. Weir fishway 15
Fig 1.4. Culvert fishway 16
Fig 1.5. HDPE pipe fishways and an L shape connector. 17
Fig 1.6. Corrugation inside of corrugates HDPE pipes. 20
Fig 1.7. Distribution of Paramisgurnus dabryanus in Taiwan. 22
Fig 1.9. Paramisgurnus dabryanus 26
Fig 1.10a. Male Chinese loach with enlarged thickened pectoral fins. 27
Fig 1.10b. Female Chinese loach without enlarged thickened pectoral fin rays. 27
Fig 2.1a. Indoor experiment design 32
Fig 2.1b. When pump is turned on, fishes migrate from downstream site to the upstream site where food is located 32
Fig 2.2. Weighting fish. 37
Fig 2.3. Measurement of fish length and height. 37
Fig 2.4. Location of study site 38
Fig 2.5. Picture of the paddy field. 39
Fig 2.6. Creek site. 39
Fig 2.7. First drop stage 41
Fig 2.8. Water sample tested with arrows showing discharge direction 42
Fig 2.9. Field division for biological survey 43
Fig 2.10. Downstream of field experiment. 44
Fig 2.11. Upstream of field experiment. 45
Fig 2.12. Fish trap. Dimensions. 45
Fig 2.13. Top view of the fish trap 45
Fig 2.14. Length and slope of each section of the fishway on the field. 47
Fig 2.15. Building of the field experiment 48
Fig 3.1a. Water surface velocity for different angles as discharge increases. 52
Fig 3.1b. Water surface velocity for different discharges as angle increases. 52
Fig 3.2a Migration period of fishes experiment for discharge 100 cm3/s. 53
Fig 3.2b. Migration period of fishes experiment for discharge 316 cm3/s. 53
Fig 3.2c. Migration period of fishes experiment for discharge 653 cm3/s. 54
Fig 3.3. Change of fish average swimming velocity for different discharges as angle increases during 3 hours analysis. 55
Fig 3.5 Field experiment downstream, slope for experiment 3°. 66
Fig 3.6. Field experiment upstream showing fish trap. 67
Fig 3.7. 2015/4/19 successfully migrated fish. 67
Fig 3.8. 2015/4/20 successfully migrated fish. 68

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