臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

作為射頻收發機中接受器第一級電路的低雜訊放大器，其主要弁酮偌ㄗ悃為鷐W益及抑制外來雜訊以避免多餘的干擾影響後級電路。通常可調變增益放大器為自動增益控制電路的一部份，它提供了射頻接收端電路自動增益校準弁遄A因此接收端電路傳送信號可輕易地被後級電路所處理。可調變前端積體電路的基本需求包含必v消耗、增益控制的線性化、動態範圍、線性度以及增益值。
論文第一部份為討論使用TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS 製程技術，應用於WiMAX 系統的可變增益放大器。其中第一段為可調變增益低雜訊放大器，由於差動電路架構具有良好的特性，故此電路採用差動架構來實現；第二段則為可提供高增益調變範圍之可調變增益放大器，此放大器可應用於發射端必v放大器的前級驅動電路，亦可應用於接收端低雜訊放大器之後級放大器。論文第二部份為使用 TSMC 0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS製程研製高頻寬可調變增益低雜訊放大器，為了提高增益頻寬，此電路應用了二種回授架構方式，並使用達靈頓對電晶體來提高截止頻率。

The first stage of a receiver is typically a low noise amplifier, whose main features are to provide enough gain and minimize the influence to subsequent stages due to the noise generated in itself. In general, variable gain amplifier is employed for automatic gain control, which is used for automatically adjusting gain of the receiver path, so that the received RF signal can be easily processed by subsequent circuits. The requirements for the tuner front-ends are low power consumption, dB-linear, dynamic range, linearity and gain performance.
The first part of this thesis is devoted itself abut the variable gain amplifier which was manufactured by the TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS process. It is applied to WiMAX system. The first one is the variable gain low noise amplifier in which the differential topology being used due to its inherent feature of low interference. The second is the variable gain amplifier, which is addressed on the high tunable gain range. It can be use in the transmitter just before the power amplifier or used in receiver after the low noise amplifier. The second part of this thesis is the wideband variable gain low noise amplifier which was fabricated by a standard TSMC 0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. In order to improve the bandwidth, two types of feedback are employed, and then using the Darlington pair to double the cutoff frequency.

Contents V
Figure Captions VII
Table Captions XIII
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation 2
1.2 Organization 5
Chapter 2 Basic Concepts 7
2.1 The Classifications of the Amplifier 8
2.2 Fundamentals 8
2.2.1 Gain 9
2.2.2 Noise 13
2.2.3 Sensitivity 15
2.2.4 Linearity 16
2.3 Power Gain 22
2.3.1 Calculation of Power Gain 25
2.4 Summary 27
Chapter 3 Variable Gain Amplifier Design 29
3.1 WiMAX System 29
3.2 Variable Gain Low Noise Amplifier Designed for Receiver 34
3.2.1 Circuit Topologies of the Variable Gain Low Noise Amplifier 36
3.2.2 Simulation Results 43
3.2.3 Experimental Results 49
3.2.4 Summary 54
3.3 Variable Gain Amplifier Designed for Transmitter 59
3.3.1 Circuit Topologies 60
3.3.2 Simulation Results 63
3.3.3 Summary 68
Chapter 4 Wideband Variable Gain Low Noise Amplifier 71
4.1 Concept 72
4.2 Circuit Description 74
4.2.1 Feedback topology 74
4.2.2 The principle of Wideband Amplifier 76
4.3 General design consideration 84
4.4 Simulation Results 87
4.5 Experimental Results 94
4.6 Summary 101
Chapter 5 Conclusions 103
References 106

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