臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在水處理單元中，混凝後顆粒的界達電位常被使用來做為衡量混凝劑之最適加藥量的指標，然而淨水廠中採集自地表水的原水，其水質條件變化幅度相當大，導致不同天然原水達到最適加藥時的界達電位範圍亦有所不同，故以界達電位作為最適加藥量決定之指標仍存有許多爭議。本論文之目的為研究天然原水的混凝過程中，最適加藥量與混凝加藥後顆粒的界達電位之間的關係；本研究之天然原水採集自新竹給水廠，使用之混凝劑為PACl，藉由瓶杯試驗求得最適混凝加藥量及利用界達電位儀量測快混後水樣之界達電位，同時量測此時混沉後之殘餘濁度；另外，個別分析原水的水質項目以探討其對混凝最適加藥量之影響。
研究結果顯示，原水的濁度及鹼度影響最適加藥量及界達電位最甚，而最適加藥量幾乎都出現在中性pH 時，且最適混凝劑量隨濁度升高而增加，此時顆粒的界達電位偏正電荷。此外，原水濁度影響原水鹼度與最適加藥量之間的關係相當顯著；在低濁度(0~50 NTU)時，最適混凝加藥量隨鹼度升高而增加，但在高濁度(300~2700 NTU)時，最適混凝加藥量隨鹼度升高而減少。

The zeta potential of coagulated particles is commonly used as an index to
evaluate the optimal dosage of coagulation in water treatment. However, the qualities
of raw water taken from surface turbid water by water treatment plant (WTP)
fluctuates immensely, resulting in variation of optimal zeta potential zone for
coagulation of different natural turbid water. Therefore, there are still many debates
on determination of the optimal dosage through the indication of zeta potential. The
goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between optimal dosage and zeta
potential of coagulated particles for coagulation of natural turbid water. Various
natural turbid water samples were collected from HsinChu WTP, and then each
coagulation test was conducted by PACl coagulant through jar test to determine the
optimal coagulant dosage and corresponding zeta potential by a zeta meter, in which
the residual turbidity of supernatant after sedimentation was measured. Various
parameters of raw water quality were further measured independently to study their
effect on determination of the optimal dosage.
The results showed that turbidity and alkalinity of raw water governs the optimal
dosage and corresponding zeta potential. The optimal dosage almost occurred at
neutral pH and increases with increase in turbidity of raw water, in which the optimal
zeta potential for turbidity removal was rather positive. Furthermore, the relationship
between alkalinity of raw water and the optimal dosage is strongly affected by
turbidity of raw water. The optimal dosage increases with increase in alkalinity for
coagulation of low turbidity water (0~50 NTU). By contrast, the optimal dosage
decreases with increasing alkalinity for coagulation of high turbidity water (300~2700
NTU).

第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 混凝過程 3
2.1.1 顆粒的去穩定 4
2.1.2 顆粒去穩定的機制 6
2.2 聚氯化鋁的化學性質與混凝機制 8
2.2.1 化學性質 9
2.2.2 水質參數對聚氯化鋁之混凝機制的影響 14
2.3 界達電位與顆粒去穩定效果的關係 21
2.4 影響顆粒界達電位的因素 25
2.4.1 pH 值 25
2.4.2 離子強度 29
第三章 研究方法及步驟 31
3.1 材料與設備 33
3.1.1 天然原水 33
3.1.2 聚氯化鋁 33
3.1.3 實驗設備及分析儀器 33
3.2 研究方法 35
3.2.1 水質分析項目 35
3.2.2 瓶杯試驗 35
第四章 結果與討論 38
4.1 不同原水濁度的水質與顆粒特性 38
4.1.1 pH/鹼度 38
4.1.2 導電度 39
4.3.1 界達電位 39
4.2 顆粒快混後界達電位與混凝機制之關係 41
4.3 原水水質參數與最適加藥量的相關性 48
4.3.1 濁度 48
4.3.2 pH/鹼度 51
第五章 結論 55
第六章 建議 56
參考文獻 57

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