臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

考量都市人口成長迅速，需要有更完善的城市基礎交通設施，加上近年來環保意識抬頭，因此共享經濟的概念興起。共享汽車可逐漸降低私有車輛的持有率，並由於電動車逐漸取代燃油車，共享電動車的概念油然而生。然而共享電動車會面臨使用者還車時，把車輛還回較為冷門的租車站，導致租車熱點沒有車輛可供使用者取用的問題出現，此現象稱為「潮汐現象」，同時由於電動車需要長時間充電以恢復電量滿足使用者需求，因此會有對於電網來說之各電動車加總充電負載及滿足所有訂單之用戶需求電量等因素考量。據此，本文乃提出一管理系統對共享電動車車隊進行車輛重新定位還車及最佳化充電排程調度，以提供使用者共享電動車服務之餘，滿足電網的限制。
本文假設現有共享汽車停車場為未來共享電動車停車場之位置，而共享電動車供應商為了維持一定的服務水準，將進行車輛重新定位還車的工作，以減少潮汐現象之問題發生。本文利用獎勵制度，幫使用者選擇最合適取車及還車之租車站，透過使用者進行車輛重新定位還車的工作。此外，電動車充電時須滿足各租車站電力契約容量、充電樁及電動車充電限制等條件，本文透過線性規劃對共享電動車車隊進行充電排程調度，以達到最小化充電成本的目的。在模擬結果中，使用本文所提出之車輛調度，能夠減少潮汐現象之情形發生。本文所提出之最佳化充電排程，跟先前的研究所提出之門檻充電相比，亦可大幅減少充電成本。文中同時探討電價模式與使用者習慣間之關係，可供未來共享電動車供應商選擇合適電價模式之參考。

This thesis assumes that the existing car-sharing parking lots are used as the e-car-sharing parking lots. In order to maintain a certain service level, the e-car-sharing provider will hire employees to relocate the EVs. In this thesis, for mitigate the tidal phenomenon, the e-car-sharing management system assigns users to the pick-up stations and the return stations for relocation of the EVs, according to the simulated users’ rental information and the incentives provided to users. In the thesis, linear programming (LP) is employed to optimize the charging schedule and satisfy the constraints, such as power contract capacity and the charging power limits to minimize the cost of charging power. In the simulation results, the proposed method can mitigate the EVs tidal phenomenon as expected. Moreover, compared with the previous threshold-charging method, the proposed method can dramatically reduce the cost of charging power. In addition, the thesis explores the relationship between the electricity tariff and users’ preference structures. The results reveal that the proposed e-car-sharing management system may support the owner of charging station in selection of the better electricity pricing model for cost minimization.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
致謝 V
目錄 VI
圖目錄 X
表目錄 XII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.3 研究方法與貢獻 9
1.4 論文架構 10
第二章 共享電動車系統模型 11
2.1 簡介 11
2.2 共享電動車系統整體架構 11
2.3 各階層功能介紹 12
2.3.1 使用者 12
2.3.2 中央伺服器或共享電動車供應商 13
2.3.3 區域控制器 13
2.3.4 充電樁 14
2.4 電力市場機制 17
2.4.1 時間電價 17
2.4.2 電力契約容量 21
第三章 共享電動車系統及最佳化充電排程 23
3.1 簡介 23
3.2 本文所提出共享電動車系統流程 23
3.2.1 系統整體流程 23
3.2.2 共享電動車之動態規劃方法 27
3.2.3 兩階段之流程 29
3.2.4 系統服務及經濟模型 32
3.3 共享電動車車隊充電最佳化問題描述 34
3.3.1 共享電動車車隊供應商充電成本 34
3.3.2 限制式 35
3.4 線性規劃 38
第四章 案例模擬與結果分析 41
4.1 簡介 41
4.2 模擬系統介紹 41
4.2.1 共享電動車租車站系統參數 41
4.2.2 共享電動車相關參數 44
4.2.3 電價相關參數 45
4.2.4 訂單相關參數 47
4.3 分析共享電動車系統充電排程結果 48
4.3.1 共享電動車系統 48
4.3.2 單一共享電動車模擬結果 54
4.3.3 不同電價模式模擬結果 57
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 60
5.1 結論 60
5.2 未來研究方向 61
參考文獻 62

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