臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於延伸性標記語言(Extensive Markup Language, XML)可以定義文件內元素(Element)的種類與格式，透過統一的DTD格式定義，可使得文件交換時有著共同的標準，不同組織與單位間的訊息可依此定義順利交換，XML已取代傳統的超文件標記語言HTML成為網頁資料呈現的主流方式。隨著大量的XML文件在網際網路上傳遞，過於龐大的資訊以及資料複雜化的問題也就隨之產生。因此本文提出了以最適化需求為導向之XML資料擷取技術(User-Expectation-Oriented XML Retrieval Technique)，並且設計與建置了一個XML資料擷取系統(XML Retrieval System)雛型，此系統能讓使用者在最符合需求與語意的狀況下找尋出合適的文件。本論文有三個重要的貢獻：首先，我們提出一套XML架構重置的機制，並利用此機制來分析XML文件的內部架構與蘊含內容。其次，我們提出一個語意分析模組，利用該模組能進行元素間語意關連分析的特性，把關鍵詞之間的語意關連程度清楚地定義並予以量化。最後，我們提出一個資料探索模組，此模組將各個可能成為結果的XML文件進行再次審認，如此可以找出最符合使用者意向的文件。經由實驗的方式證明，我們將本論文所使用的方法—「依語意與結構資訊的擷取技術」與「僅依結構資訊進行擷取」做一比較，結果顯示前者的方法無論在使用者滿意度以及減少索引資料的記憶體佔用率方面都比後者更具有成效。

As a result of the format and element type can be clearly defined inside a XML document, information could be exchanged between different organization or community based on their DTD definition. XML has replaced the HTML and become the optimum information exchange platform in the Internet. However, it can also cause some problem such as data complicating in the situation of increasing of large amount of XML document. In this research we propose a User- Expectation-Oriented XML Retrieval Technique and implement a prototype of a retrieval system of XML data which can find the most suitable document that match user’s semantic expectation and desire. This research has three major contributions. First, we propose a structure reforming mechanism and it’s sub-components to analysis the structure and content inside XML document at the beginning of the whole retrieval process. Second, we propose a semantic analysis module based on correlation relationship between key terms and document structure information to clearly provide the degree of semantic correlation. Third, we propose a information explore module to synthesize information coming form previous module and pick up the most suitable result form all possible document set. We compared our approach with another one that only use structure-based retrieval technique by experiments. Performance evaluation shows that our approach is more effective than other in terms of user–satisfaction and the ratio of memory occupation of indexing representation.

誌謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表格目錄 ix
1. 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 3
1.3 研究目的 3
1.4 研究流程 4
1.5 論文架構 5
2. 基本觀念介紹 6
2.1 電子化文件與XML 6
2.1.1 XML緣起與目標 6
2.1.2 XML特色與趨勢 8
2.1.2.1 XML具自我描述性 8
2.1.2.2 XML具文件整合效益 9
2.1.2.3 XML具結構性 11
2.1.2.4 XML具備內容和外觀分離原則 14
2.1.2.5 XML具備多樣性及可擴展性 16
2.2 資料擷取技術 17
2.2.1 資料檢索系統簡介 17
2.2.1.1 電子資料檢索系統 18
2.2.1.2 電子資料檢索之優缺點 20
2.2.2 電子資料檢索系統發展過程 21
2.2.2.1 西文電子資料檢索系統發展過程 22
2.2.2.2 中文電子資料檢索系統發展過程 24
2.2.3 檢索模型 24
2.2.4 檢索策略 29
2.2.5 檢索評估 33
2.2.5.1 檢索品質評估 33
2.2.5.2 評估調查 37
3. 文獻探討 39
3.1 文件檢索系統的探討 39
3.2 檢索詞彙的相關研究 40
3.3 文句判斷的重要性 41
3.4 中文斷詞 42
3.5 結構化文件索引技術 42
3.6 語意網 43
3.7 自然語言處理與語意分析 44
4. 資料擷取系統架構 46
4.1 XML文件架構重建與可索引化 46
4.2 語意索引的建立 47
4.3 資料擷取之可用度評定 48
4.4 資料擷取系統雛型 50
5. 架構重置 52
5.1 架構重置模組 52
5.1.1 內容剖析器 53
5.1.2 結構樹產生器 55
5.1.3 元素指位器 56
5.2 架構重置範例 57
5.2.1語意強度及權重強度範例 59
5.2.2重置結果範例 61
6. 語意分析 62
6.1 語意分析模組 62
6.2 語意分析範例 66
7. 資料探索 67
7.1 資料探索模組 67
7.2 運作模式 70
8. 實驗方法與效能分析 72
8.1 實驗方法 72
8.2 效能分析 73
8.2.1 系統滿意度測試 73
8.2.2運作效能測試 74
9. 結論與未來研究 79
參考文獻 80
附錄A 85

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