臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

經濟發展與環境保護一直以來就是兩難之議題。在各式交通運具發達的今天，航空產業作為一個高耗能的運輸方式，時常被討論如何去追求永續發展。經濟發展程度與交通建設有著密不可分的關係，機場通常位於大都會區之周邊，但有少數機場隨著附近都會區逐漸發展與擴大，而使得機場位址逐漸位於都會區內。由此可知，機場之發展其對周遭地區所帶來之經濟效益如：就業、產業升級和節省旅行時間…等效益自然不言可喻，但在機場運量持續成長時，其周遭居民所要面對的是航空器所帶來更頻繁的航空噪音與航空器所排放的廢氣。然而噪音與廢氣無法直接由財貨衡量，使得其所產生的社會成本也較少被納入因機場營運所產生的成本。
本研究評估2006至2011年臺北松山機場所帶來之經濟效益與環境成本。在經濟效益方面，本研究使用區位商數法與格林勞力模式量化機場營運帶來之直接效果和間接效果。之後再藉由特徵價格法及劑量反應分析法，量化航空器於起降時所帶來之噪音成本和廢氣成本。
研究結果顯示，松山機場歷年來之經濟效益約為56億元至117億元；其中歷年之噪音成本為5億元至16億元，而歷年廢氣成本則是介於2億元至4億元之間。各年間以2006年之經濟效益與環境成本落差最大。本研究於後續進行敏感度分析時，發現未來房價若持續飛漲以及廢氣污染物之單位社會成本增加，則有可能導致環境成本大於經濟效益。

The opposition of economic development and environmental protection has always been a dilemma. Compared with all the transport modes in the modern society, air transport is seen as a highly energy-consuming one, especially in the context of sustainable development. There is a close relationship between air transport infrastructure and the level of economic development. Airports are usually located in the peripheral metropolitan area, but a few of them are located within their metropolitan area due to the gradual development and expansion of the metropolitan area. The economic benefits an airport brings to a region include employment, industrial upgrading, reduced travel times and other benefits. But as airport traffic continues to grow, its surroundings have to face increasing noise and emissions from aircraft. However, the economic and social costs of aircraft noise and emissions cannot be evaluated directly; so they are less likely to be included in the costs incurred by airport operations.
This study measured the economic benefits and environmental costs of Taipei Songshan Airport for the time period 2006 to 2011. This study used the Location quotient approach and the Garin-Lowry model to quantify the direct and indirect economic benefits resulting from airport operation. The Hedonic Price method and Dose-Response method are used to quantify the costs of noise and emissions brought by aircraft operations.
The results show that the economic benefits of airport operation exceeded the environmental costs, with the greatest difference being in 2006. Indeed, a sensitivity analysis of noise and emission social cost parameters shows that the greatest possible environmental costs are generally lower than the economic benefits. However, this can be inversed if high house prices are coupled with high values for unit social cost of pollutants, as was the case in 2008.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的與範圍 2
1.3研究內容與方法 3
1.4 研究流程與步驟 3
第二章 文獻回顧 6
2.1 產業對經濟之影響 6
2.1.1 機場對周遭地區之經濟效益 9
2.2外部性成本 12
2.2.1 航空器噪音量化 13
2.2.2航空器廢氣量化 19
2.3 小結 24
第三章 模式構建 25
3.1 機場經濟效果評估 25
3.2 環境成本模式 28
3.2.1 噪音成本 28
3.2.2 廢氣成本 29
第四章 案例實證分析 32
4.1松山機場經濟效益之評估 32
4.1.1 松山機場就業數 35
4.1.2 松山機場就業所得經濟效果 38
4.2松山機場之噪音成本 41
4.3 松山機場之引擎廢氣成本 45
4.4 小結 50
4.5 環境成本敏感度分析 51
第五章 結論與建議 55
5.1 結論 55
5.2 建議 56
參考文獻 57
中文文獻 57
英文文獻 59
附錄一 我國歷年工業及服務業受雇員工每人總報酬 64
附錄二 台北市歷年所得收入者平均每人所得分配按行政區別分 70
附錄三 各機型於起降階段之引擎廢氣排放量 76

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