臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

雖然現今化工廠的製程日趨複雜，但其操作步驟仍然是由人工方式制定出來的，這種方式顯然是費時費力且易出錯的。為了確保操作的效率與安全無虞，在本研究中利用自動機模式及動態模擬驗證，將合成、驗證並評估操作步驟的工作系統化，具體來說可以依以下方法進行。
首先，須將系統中所有狀態變數離散化，並根據工程知識，利用非時間自動機對所有一般單元進行建模。再來須利用Aspen Plus Dynamics預做模擬，找出程序單元狀態之間的轉移時間，並據以建構時間自動機模型。接下來再將操作步驟劃分為若干階段後，並設計各階段之控制規範，及建造相應自動機。最後須利用模擬軟體UPPAAL將上述所建之自動機整合，並找出最短或最快之路徑，且將各階段之路徑圖整理並合併成順序功能圖(SFC)。我們利用模擬軟體Aspen Plus Dynamics驗證前述之SFC，若為驗證失敗或希望尋找更多路徑時，須回到控制規範進行增減或修改，再重複上述流程進行合成其餘操作步驟。
根據此一方法我們已成功合成出驟餾罐開車、蒸餾塔開車及反應蒸餾塔啟動之操作步驟，並利用Aspen Plus Dynamics評估其可行性及經濟性。

Despite the fact that the modern chemical plants are becoming much more complex than they used to be, their operating procedures are still generated manually in most cases. Since this approach is clearly laborious, time-consuming and error prone, it is necessary to develop a viable approach to systematically and automatically conjecture a set of reliable control actions to perform various tasks in realistic chemical processes. With timed automata and dynamic simulation, the tasks of synthesizing, validating and evaluating operating procedures have been accomplished in this work. Specifically, the following steps are carried out:
First of all, it is necessary to discretize all state variables in the given system and then build the untimed automata for modeling the basic components according to generic engineering knowledge. Secondly, the elapsed times of all possible state transfers for every processing unit can be determined with Aspen Plus Dynamics and the corresponding timed automata can then be built to model these units. Next, after identifying the critical stages of the entire operation, one can stipulate the control specifications of each stage and build the corresponding automata. All automata built above should then be integrated and synthesized into a system model. Consequently, the shortest or quickest trace in the system may be extracted with UPPAAL and every trace summarized with a sequential function chart (SFC). Finally, the SFCs should be verified with Aspen Plus Dynamics. If the simulation study confirms that all SFCs are unsafe and/or infeasible, one should modify/add/remove the control specifications and repeat the aforementioned synthesis steps.
The above procedure has been applied successfully to three examples, i.e., the start-up operations of a continuous flash drum, a continuous distillation column and a continuous reactive distillation column.

中文摘要 II
EXTENDED ABSTRACT III
致謝 XII
目錄 XIII
表目錄 XVI
圖目錄 XVII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 1
1.3 研究目的 3
1.4 章節組織 3
第二章 狀態變數離散值及狀態轉換時間的擷取步驟 5
2.1 驟餾罐程序 5
2.1.1 轉檔設定 6
2.1.2 數據產生的方法 9
2.1.3 狀態離散值 14
2.1.4 狀態轉換時間 17
第三章 時間自動機的模型架構 26
3.1 建構元素 26
3.2 模型檢驗(MODEL CHECKING) 27
3.3 查詢語言(QUERY LANGUAGE) 28
3.3.1 狀態公式(state formula) 28
3.3.2 路徑公式(path formula) 29
3.4 製程的分層結構 31
3.5 一般單元的非時間模型 34
3.5.1 PID控制器及驅動器 34
3.5.2 程序組態 36
3.5.3 感測器 38
3.6 程序單元的具時間模型 40
3.7 程序階層 43
3.8 系統模型 44
第四章 操作步驟的搜尋方法 46
4.1 監督控制器 46
4.2 控制規範(CONTROL SPECIFICATION) 49
4.3 操作步驟的合成 54
4.3.1 控制規範 54
4.3.2 階段劃分及其路徑圖 59
4.4 整理並驗證 66
4.5 替代路徑搜尋方法 69
4.6 結果討論及比較 86
第五章 案例探討 88
5.1 蒸餾塔開車之操作步驟 88
5.1.1 系統描述 88
5.1.2 操作步驟階段劃分 89
5.1.3 操作步驟合成結果之整理與驗證 90
5.1.4 結果討論及比較 147
5.2 反應蒸餾塔開車之操作步驟 162
5.2.1 系統描述 162
5.2.2 操作步驟階段劃分 163
5.2.3 操作步驟合成結果之整理與驗證 164
5.2.4 結果討論及比較 193
第六章 未來與展望 203
6.1 研究結論 203
6.2 未來展望 204
參考文獻 205

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