臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要探討背包背負方式與重量對人體左右斜方肌與背棘肌活動，以及對姿勢 (頭部傾角、軀幹傾角、肩部側彎、腰椎夾角) 變化的影響。本研究收集12位男性大學生受試者在不同背負組合 (3種方式：雙肩後背、單肩側背、單肩斜背；3種重量：5%、10%、15%體重) 下步行10分鐘後的資料並進行分析。研究結果顯示，背負方式與重量均顯著影響軀幹傾角、肩部側彎與腰椎夾角，至於頭部傾角則僅受重量影響。此外，背負方式僅造成右斜方肌的活動差異，尤其當採用單肩側背時格外明顯，而單肩側背也導致較大的肩部側彎與頭部前傾，因此建議應盡量避免採用。不平衡的負荷造成不對稱的雙肩姿勢，可能有產生脊椎側彎的潛在風險。本研究結果可提供人們日常背包背負的使用建議。

This study investigated the influences of carrying mode combining with carrying weight on participants’ left and right trapezius (LTZ and RTZ) and erector spinae (LES and RES) muscle activations and the body posture alterations (i.e., head angle (HA), trunk angle (TA), lateral shoulder tilt (LST), and lumbosacral angle (LSA)). All data were collected after participants walking for 10 min on a treadmill. Twenty male university students were recruited as participants in this study and carried in nine test combinations of 3 carrying methods (two-strap backpack, one-strap backpack, and crossbody bag) and 3 loads (5%, 10%, and 15% of their respective body weights, BWs). Results show that carrying load and methods significantly affected body postures (i.e., TA, LST, and LSA), whereas HA was only affected by carrying load. Additionally, carrying method had a significant effect only on RTZ activation and it was more noticeable when asymmetrically carrying backpack with 1-strap. Carrying with 1-strap backpack should be avoided because of relatively high LST, TA, HA and RTZ activation, this unbalance load may cause uneven shoulders posture therefore can be served as a warning of possible spinal scoliosis. The findings from this study can be references for the daily backpack carrying use.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
RECOMMENDATION LETTER FROM THE THESIS ADVISOR...i
THESIS ORAL DEFENSE COMMITTEE CERTIFICATION....ii
ABSTRACT......................................iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS..............................iv
LIST OF FIGURES................................vi
LIST OF TABLES................................vii
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION..........................1
1.1 Background..............................1
1.2 Motivation..............................2
1.3 Objectives..............................4
1.4 Study limitation........................4
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW.....................6
2.1 Carrying weight.........................6
2.2 Carrying methods........................7
2.3 Muscle activation...........................9
2.3.1 Trapezius and scoliosis phenomenon........9
2.3.2 Erector Spinae and LBP...................12
2.4 Posture alteration.....................13
2.5 Literature summary.....................17
Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY..........................18
3.1 Participants.............................20
3.2 Experimental design....................20
3.3 Muscle activation......................23
3.4 Posture analysis.......................24
3.5 Discomfort rating......................25
3.6 Statistical analysis...................26
Chapter 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...............27
4.1 Posture analysis...........................27
4.2 Muscle activation..........................33
4.3 Subjective discomfort scores...............37
Chapter 5 CONCLUSION...........................41
REFERENCES.....................................42
APPENDIX.......................................48

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Carrying backpack and crossbody bag in daily life…………….2
Figure 1.2 Different carrying methods surveyed by this study.…….……...3
Figure 2.1 Trapezius muscles and scoliosis phenomenon………………...12
Figure 2.2 The definition of erector spinae muscle...……………………..12
Figure 2.3 A typical normal gait cycle..…………………………………..14
Figure 2.4 Measurement of lateral shoulder tilt when one-shoulder backpack carrying.…………………………………………………………………...16
Figure 2.5 Definition of lumbosacral angle (LSA)…..……………………16
Figure 3.1 Study protocol.…………………………………………………19
Figure 3.2 Cross bag and backpack used in the experiment...……………...21
Figure 3.3 Three carrying methods evaluated in the study..………………22
Figure 3.4 EMG devices used in this experiment….…..………………….23
Figure 3.5 Marker positions and the definitions of body angles..…...…….25
Figure 4.1 Posture alterations under various carrying method and weight combinations.…………….……………………………………………….30
Figure 4.2 Muscle activations under various carrying method and weight combinations……………………………..……………………………….35
Figure 4.3 Comparison of discomfort scores under various carrying method and weight combinations……………………………….…………………39

LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Summary of important related references...……………………..11
Table 4.1 Summarized ANOVA results of body postures...………………28
Table 4.2 Duncan MRT results of body postures under various carrying weight conditions.….…………….………………………………………..28
Table 4.3 Duncan MRT results of body postures under various carrying method conditions...………………………………………….……………29
Table 4.4 Summarized ANOVA results of muscle activations.…….…….33
Table 4.5 Duncan MRT results of muscle activations under various carrying weight conditions...………………………………………………………..34
Table 4.6 Duncan MRT results of muscle activations under various carrying method conditions..……………………………….……………………….34
Table 4.7 Summarized ANOVA results of the subjective discomfort scores …………………………………………………………………………….37
Table 4.8 Duncan MRT results of discomfort scores under various carrying weight conditions …………………….………………….………………..38
Table 4.9 Duncan MRT results of discomfort scores under various carrying method conditions...……………………………………………………….38

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