臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
礫石土層在本島之分佈範圍廣闊，如河谷、平原、台地與丘陵區，其中尤以位於中央山脈以西之山麓丘陵地、台地與各河川流域等地區是屬於政、經、文、教中心，亦是各項工程建設之重要位置。本島地震活動甚為頻繁，1999年9月21日，台灣發生百年來災害最嚴重之集集大地震，此次地震之地震規模(Mw)為7.3，造成廣泛且嚴重之災害，並在南投、霧峰眾多液化案例中發現到罕見之礫石土層液化現象。有關礫石土之液化案例及相關文獻較少，對其瞭解程度並不如一般細顆粒土壤，故必須進一步研究，以降低礫石土液化所造成之損失。
本研究選定霧峰鄉福田橋下高灘地為研究場址，進行現場取樣，一般礫石土最大粒徑(Dmax)常大於一般三軸室尺寸，故以等重量替代法模擬現場粒徑分佈曲線，進行室內三軸抗液化強度試驗與剪力波速之量測。探討不同礫石含量、不同相對密度與液化阻抗對剪力波速之影響，並將結果與Andrus & Stokoe(2000) 礫石部份之資料進行分析與黃群凱(2001)室內重模土抗液化強度結果進行比較，以建立適用於台灣本土之礫石土液化評估模式。
將室內試驗結果與施元瑋(2004)現場表面波譜法量測結果及Andrus & Stokoe 礫石部份之資料進行最小錯誤分類法分析初步得到修正後之抗液化強度CRR7.5之公式如下：
，並進行液化潛能評估，其安全係數小於1，表示現地確實存在液化之潛能，與現地發生液化事實相符，證明修正後之抗液化強度CRR7.5公式較適合台灣礫石土液化潛能評估。

目錄
摘要………………………………...…………….……………………..Ⅰ
誌謝……………………………………...……………………………...Ⅱ
目錄……………………………………...……….………………….….Ⅲ
表目錄………………………………...………….……………………..Ⅵ
圖目錄……………………………...…………….……………………..Ⅶ
照片目錄………………………...……………………….……………..Ⅸ
第一章 緒論..………………...……………………………………….…1
1.1研究背景與目的……...………….………………………………...1
1.2研究方法…………...………………………..…………………..…1
1.3論文內容.………..……………..………………….….………..3
第二章 文獻回顧……...……………………………………...…………5
2.1 液化定義與影響液化之因素…….………………………...…….5
2.1.1 液化現象與液化名詞之定義…….………………….………5
2.1.2 影響液化之因素………………….………………….………7
2.2 礫石土液化相關案例之研究………….…………………..……10
2.3 礫石土層液化潛能之研究…………….……………..…………13
2.3.1 剪力波速法………………………………………...……….13
2.3.2 剪力波速法之特點……………………...……...………..13
2.3.3 影響土壤剪力波速之因素…………………....……….14
2.3.4 剪力波速之試驗方式……………………...….……….16
2.4 最小錯誤分類法………………………………………..…...…..18
2.5 橡皮膜貫入效應………………………………………..…...…..19
2.6 液化評估方法之介紹…………………………….…….……….23
2.6.1 Seed簡易分析法…………………………….….….………..24
2.6.2 反覆三軸試驗之液化潛能評估法………………..………..30
2.6.3 剪力波速液化評估法…………..……………………..……32
第三章 試驗方法與內容……………………………..………...….36
3.1 研究場址之地質狀況……………………………...…………....36
3.2 試驗規劃…………………………………………...…………....40
3.3試體材料性質………………….………………………………...40
3.3.1 模擬現地粒徑分佈曲線………………….………………...41
3.3.2 試體之最大乾密度(γd max )與最小乾密度(γd min)………..42
3.4剪力波速試驗儀器與設備………………….………….…..……44
3.5剪力波速量測試體之製作與試驗步驟………………...…….….51
3.5.1 試體製作與組裝……………………………………………51
3.5.2 試驗步驟………………………………………….………...54
3.5.3 剪力波速量測原理……………………………….………...54
第四章 試驗結果與討論…………………………………...………...57
4.1橡皮膜貫入效應之修正…..……………………………………...60
4.1.1橡皮膜貫入效應之降低與礫石含量(GC)、相對密度(Dr)之關係………………………………...………………………………....60
4.1.2橡皮膜貫入效應之降低與反覆應力CSRN=15之關係……...67
4.2剪力波速與反覆加載前後之關係……………….………….…..67
4.2.1剪力波速與礫石含量(GC)之關係………………………....68
4.2.2剪力波速與相對密度(Dr)之關係……………..…………....69
4.2.3剪力波速與反覆應力比CSR之關係……………………....69
4.2.4純礫石與圍壓之關係……………………………………..…70
4.3 Andrus & Stokoe (2000)液化曲線之探討…………………...…..71
4.3.1最小錯誤分類法與液化曲線之關係…………………….….72
4.3.2修正後液化曲線之討論…….…………………..……….….73
4.4 綜合討論………………………………………...………...…….74
第五章 結論與建議…………………………………...……...………76
5.1 結論………………………………………………...…..………..76
5.2 建議……………………………………………………….……..77
參考文獻………………………………………………….…………….78
附錄………………………………………………………………….….85

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