臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

研究目的 : 探討中高齡者以靜態伸展、無負重、低負重與高負重動態伸展對髖關節活動度的立即與持續反應。研究方法 : 以16名50歲以上民眾為受試者 (63.2 ± 7.13歲)，隨機分配進行不同伸展模式介入，測量介入前、介入後的0 (立即)、10、45與60分鐘的髖屈曲與伸展之關節活動度，並且拍攝與記錄伸展運動中的髖關節運動角度。研究結果 :右髖屈曲無負重於運動後立即、10、45與60分高於低負重與高負重 (p = .014, p = .002; p = .004, p = .004; p = .017, p = .011; p = .017, p = .011)，於運動後60分時無負重高於靜態 (p = .049)，右髖屈曲在無負重可維持60分鐘 (p = .013)；右髖伸展低負重於運動後10分高於靜態 (p = .039)、無負重 (p = .003) 與高負重 (p = .018)，60分時無負重、低負重與高負重也高於靜態 (p = .036, p = .019, p = .012)，且其伸展效益至少都可維持45分以上 (無負重60分，p = .044；低負重45分，p = .035；高負重60分，p = .028)。結論 : 無負重動態伸展或靜態伸展可有效增進髖屈曲關節活動度；低或高負重有效增進髖伸展關節活動度。

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of static stretching and dynamic stretching with different weights on hip range of motion on immediate and sustained responds in middle – aged and older adults. Methods: Sixteen middle-aged and older adults were recruited as participants in this study (63.2 ± 7.13 yr). All participants were randomly assigned to complete static stretching (SS), dynamic stretching without weighting (DSW0) and dynamic stretching with 0.25 (DSW025) and 0.5 kg (DSW05). We measured and recorded range of motion in right-side hip flexion and extension before, stretching exercise completed immediately (post 0), and post 10, 45 and 60 min. Results: The range of motion in hip flexion, DSW0 was higher than DSW025 and DSW at post 0, 10, 45 and 60 min (p = .014, p = .002; p = .004, p = .004; p = .017, p = .011; p = .017, p = .011). The performance of DSWO was better than that of SS at post 60 minutes (p = .049). The effectiveness of stretching sustained 60 minutes in DSW0 (p = .013). The range of motion in hip extension, DSW025 was higher than SS (p = .039), DSWO (p = .003) and DSW05 (p = .018) at post 10 minutes. The performance of all modes of dynamic stretching was better than that of SS at post 60 min (DWS0, p = .036; DSW025, p = .019; DSW05, p = .012). The effectiveness of dynamic stretching can sustained longer than 45 minutes (DWS0, 60 min, p = .044; DSW025, 45min，p = .035; DSW05, 60 min, p = .028). Conclusion: Dynamic stretching without weighting and static stretching enhanced the range of motion in hip flexion. Dynamic stretching with 0.25 kg or 0.5 kg enhanced range of motion in hip extension.

目錄
第 壹 章 緒 論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 2
第三節 研究限制 2
第四節 操作性定義與名詞解釋 2

第 貳 章 文 獻 探 討 4
第一節 柔軟度 4
第二節 伸展運動之原理與分類 6
第三節 伸展對柔軟度之立即反應與持續效益 11

第 參 章 研 究 方 法 18
第一節 研究對象 18
第二節 研究時間與地點 18
第三節 研究流程 18
第四節 研究內容 21
第五節 資料處理與統計分析 32

第 肆 章 研 究 結 果 33
第一節 受試者基本資料 33
第二節 關節活動度測量儀器之信度檢驗 34

第三節 不同伸展模式介入與相同伸展模式介入對關節活動度之立即與持續
反應 35
第四節 不同負重動態伸展模式介入運動角度之比較 41

第 伍 章 討 論 44
第一節 不同伸展模式介入對髖關節屈曲的關節活動度之立即與持續反應
44
第二節 相同伸展模式介入對髖關節屈曲的關節活動度之立即與持續反應
47
第三節 不同負重動態伸展模式介入運動角度之比較 49
第四節 不同伸展模式介入與相同伸展模式介入對髖關節伸展的關節活動度之立即與持續反應 50

第 陸 章 結 論 與 建 議 51
第一節 結論 51
第二節 建議 52

參 考 文 獻 53

附 錄 58
附錄一 受試者同意書 58
附錄二 實驗記錄單 65
附錄三 人體試驗審查通過證明函 67

一、中文部分：
林正常、蔡崇濱、林信甫、林正東、吳伯翰、鄭景峰、傅正思與戴堯種 (譯) (2004)。肌力與體能訓練。新北市：藝軒圖書文具有限公司。(Baechle, T.R., & Roger, W. E., 2000).
林正常 (1990)。運動科學與訓練。台北市：銀禾文化出版社。
林家儀 (2012)。不同伸展模式對柔軟度的立即影響及持續效益比較 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立體育大學，桃園縣。
吳孟恬、詹元碩 (2011)。不同知覺動作訓練週期對高齡者平衡控制能力之成效分析。長榮運動休閒學刊，5，21-37。
吳柏翰、葉乃菁、林正常 (2010)。全身性振動伸展訓練對女性高齡者關節活動度之影響。大專體育學刊，12(3)，88-97。
卓俊辰 (2007)。健康體適能理論與實務。載於林晉利 (主編)，柔軟度的維持與促進 (頁4-1 - 4-34)。台中市：華格納。
卓俊辰 (1998)。體適能與運動處方。體適能指導手冊 (頁106-133)。台北市：中華民國有氧體能運動協會。
徐中盈、陳韻茹、洪素梅、蔡佩真、范姜玄怡、陳昭慧 (譯)(2000)。運動治療學：基礎與技術。臺北市：合記圖書。(Kisner, C., & Colby, L. A., 1996).
陳哲修、陳忠慶 (2006)。不同伸展運動所引起的生理效果之探討。運動生理暨體能學報，5，47-59。
陳聰毅、杜春治 (2002)。熱身與靜態伸展運動對暫時性柔軟度持續效果的影響。大專體育學刊，4(1)，107-120。
張永賢 (譯) (2005)。關節活動度的測量：關節角度測量學的指導原則。台北市：合記圖書。(Norkin, C. C., & White, D. J., 1995).
廖文炫、胡名霞、曹昭懿、楊順安 (1995)。臺北縣萬里鄉仁愛之家居民活動能力調查報告。中華物療誌，20，121-130。
蔡存維、郭彥宇、蔡櫻蘭 (2011)。團體伸展訓練課程對長期照護機構高齡者功能性體適能的影響。大專體育學刊，13(4)，445-452。
趙柏全 (2008)。比較不同熱身模式對於腿後肌柔軟度的影響及其持續時間 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立體育大學，桃園縣。
魏大森 (2008)。老年人跌倒的篩檢與評估。臺灣老年醫學暨老年學雜誌，3(2)，91-105。

二、英文部分：
Alexander, N. B., Gross, M. M., Medell, J. L., & Hofmeyer, M. R. (2001). Effects of functional ability and training on chair-rise biomechanics in older adults. Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 56(9), 538-547.
Alter, M. J. (2004). Science of Flexibility (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
American College of Sports Medicine. (2006). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (7th ed.). Baltimore, Maryland : Williams L. & Wilkins.
Armiger, P. (2000). Prevention musculotendinous injuries: a focus on flexibility. Athletic Therapy Today, 5(4), 20.
Beaulieu, J. E. (1981). Developing a stretching program. Physician and Sports Medicine, 9, 59-69.
Corbin, C., & Fox, K. (1985). Flexibility: The forgotten part of fitness. Journal of Physical Education, 16(6), 191.
Corbin, C., & Noble, L. (1980). Flexibility. Journal of Physical Education, 16(6), 191.
Cross, K. M., & Worrell, T. W. (1999). Effects of a static stretching program on the Incidence of lower extremity musculotendinous strains. Journal of Athletic Training, 34(1), 11.
Depino, G. M., Webright, W. G., & Arnold, B. L. (2000). Duration of maintained hamstring flexibility after cessation of an acute static stretching protocol. Journal of Athletic Training, 35(1), 56-59.
DiBenedetto, M., Innes, K. E., Taylor, A. G., Rodeheaver, P. F., Boxer, J. A., Wright, H. J., & Kerrigan, D. C. (2005). Effect of a gentle iyengar yoga program on gait in the elderly: An exploratory study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86(9), 1830-1837.
Jette, A. M., Branch, L. G., & Berlin, J. (1990). Musculoskeletal impairments and physical disablement among the aged. Journal of Gerontology. 45(6), 203-208.
Knudson, D. (2006). Biomechanics of stretching. Journal of Exercise Science & Physiotherapy, 2, 3-12.
Luo, J., McNamara, B., & Moran, K. (2005). Use of vibration training to enhance muscle strength and power. Sports Medicine, 35(1), 23-41.
Norman, K. V. (2010). Exercise and Wellness for Older Adults: Practical Programming Strategies (2nd ed.). Champaign IL: Human Kinetics.
Ford, P., & McChesney, J. (2007). Duration of maintained hamstring rom following termination of three stretching protocols. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation,16(1), 18-27.
Pollock, M.L., Gaesser, G.A., Butcher, J.D., Despres, J-P., Dishman, R.D., Franklin, B.A., et al. (1998). Recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(6), 975-991.
Prentice, W. E. (2004). Rehabilitation techniques for sports medicine and athletic training (4th ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Raab, D. M., Agre, J. C., McAdam, M., & Smith, E. L. (1988), Light resistance and stretching exercise in elderly women: effect upon flexibility. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 69(4), 268-272.
Shellock, F. G. & Prentice, W. E. (1985). Warming-up and stretching for improved physical performance and prevention of sports-related injuries. Sport Medicine, 2(4), 276-278.
Spernoga, S. G., Uhl, T. L., Arnold, B. L., & Gansneder, B. M. (2001). Duration of maintained hamstring flexibility after a one-time, modified hold-relax stretching protocol. Journal of athletic training, 36(1), 44-48.
Swank, A. M., Funk, D.C., Durham, M.P. & Roberts, S. (2003). Adding weights to stretching exercise increases passive range of motion for healthy elderly. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research / National Strength & Conditioning Association, 17(2), 374-378.
Watson, J. (1988). Nursing: Human science and human care. Jones & Bartlett Learning, 48.
Weerapong, P., Hume, P. A., & Kolt, G. S. (2004). Stretching: mechanisms and benefits for sport performance and injury prevention. Physical Therapy Reviews, 9(4), 189-206.
Weijer, V. C., Gorniak G. C. & Shamus, E. (2003). Effect of static stretch and warm-up exercise on hamstring length over the course of 24 hours. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 33(12), 727-733.
Wiktorsson-Moller, M., Öberg, B., Ekstrand, J. & Gillquist, J. (1983). Effects of warming up, massage, and stretching on range of motion and muscle strength in the lower extremity. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 11(4), 249-252.
Worrel, T. W., Perrin, D. H., Gansneder, B. M., & Gieck, J. H. (1991). Comparison of isokinetic strength and flexibility measures between hamstring injured and non-injured athletes. Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 13, 118-125.
Yamaguchi, T., & Ishii, K. (2005). Effects of static stretching for 30 seconds and dynamic stretching on leg extension power. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(3), 677-683.