臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究之目的為（1）比較印度塊菌及台灣塊菌與青剛櫟形成菌根之形態（2）進行台灣二葉松與鱗蓋紅菇及光黑腹菌之菌根純合成。
由試驗一之結果得到印度塊菌及台灣塊菌與青剛櫟所形成之菌根特徵歸納敘述如下：
（Ⅰ）印度塊菌：菌根為單根或分叉形，菌根表面粗糙，菌根顏色在幼期為淺褐色，成熟期為褐色，老化期為深褐色。菌毯外層為毯狀原形菌絲結構，內層為規則密實菌絲結構，菌絲表面粗糙有明顯的突紋構造，哈替氏網延伸菌絲侵入至皮層細胞第三層，且有菌絲侵入至皮層細胞第三層，菌毯內層菌絲及哈替氏網菌絲內有球狀內容物。
（Ⅱ）台灣塊菌：菌根多數為單根狀，少部分是分叉狀，菌根表面平滑，菌根顏色在幼期為淺褐色，成熟期為金黃色，老化期為黃褐色－深褐色。菌毯外層為毯狀原形菌絲結構，內層為規則密實菌絲結構，菌絲表面是平滑狀，哈替氏網延伸菌絲侵入至皮層細胞第二層。
印度塊菌（Ti）及台灣塊菌（Tf）菌根元素對化學試劑反應之明顯差異分別為（1）Ti之延伸菌絲與濃硫酸呈紅褐色，與濃氨水呈淡綠色，與37﹪formalin呈淺灰色，然Tf者與濃硫酸、濃氨水及37﹪formalin皆不變色；（2）Ti之菌毯與10﹪FeSO4溶液呈深褐色，Tf者呈深綠色；（3）Ti之哈替氏網與10﹪FeSO4溶液呈淺藍色，與Tf者則是綠色；（4）Ti之哈替氏網與濃氨水呈綠色，然Tf者則呈深褐色。
由試驗二結果得知，鱗蓋紅菇與光黑腹菌於三種不同洋菜平板培養基菌落的生長情形分別為：1.鱗蓋紅菇菌絲體菌落生長效應為MMN≧YMT≧MYC；2.光黑腹菌菌絲體菌落生長效應為MMN≧MYC＞YMT。台灣二葉松能與光黑腹菌形成典型之白色外生菌根，菌根為單根或分叉型，菌毯外層為毯狀原形菌絲結構，內層為網狀密實菌絲結構，菌毯15∼30μm，哈替氏網可達第二層皮層細胞；而鱗蓋紅菇則僅在根系菌落化而無外生菌根之形成。

The purposes of this study were （1） to compare the mycorrhizal morphology formed by Tuber indicum and T. formosanum on Cyclobalanopsis glauca, and （2）to test pure culture synthesis of Russula lepida and Alpova piceus with Pinus taiwanensis Hay.
The characteristics of both mycorrhizal types formed by T. indicum and T. formosanum on C. glauca were summarized as follows：
（Ⅰ）T. indicum：T. indicum formed monopodial or dichotomous ectomycorrhizae. Color of the mycorrhiza was light brown when it was young, brown when it was mature, and changed to dark brown when it was old. The structure of outer mantle was felt prosenchyma, and the inner mantle was regular synenchyma. Hyphae of the mycorrhizal mantle surface has obvious ring-wart structure. Hartig nets extended to the third layer of the cortex cells, and the intercellular hyphae reached to the third layer. There were round contents in the hyphae of the Hartig nets and fungus mantle .
（Ⅱ）T. formosanum：The majority of ectomycorrhizae formed by T. formosanum were monopodial, but only few mycorrhizae were dichotomous. Color of the mycorrhiza was light brown when it was young, and with golden bristles when it was mature, and became yellow-brown or dark brown when it was old. The structure of outer mantle was felt prosenchyma, and the inner mantle was regular synenchyma. Hyphae of the mycorrhizal mantle surface were smooth. The Hartig nets extended to the second layer of the cortex cells.
According to the reactions of the mycorrhizal elements to the chemical reagents, differences of T. indicum and T. formosanum were（1）The color of the extended hyphae of T. indicum became red-brown with conc. H2SO4, light-green with conc. NH4OH, light-grey with 37﹪formalin, but no color changed of T. formosanum was found with conc. H2SO4、conc. NH4OH and 37﹪formalin；（2）The color of the T. indicum mantle hyphae became dark-brown with 10﹪FeSO4；on the contrary, the color of T. formosanum mantle hyphae became dark-green；（3）The Hartig nets of T. indicum became light-blue with 10﹪FeSO4, and those of T. formosanum became green；（4）The color of the Hartig nets of T. indicum became green with conc. NH4OH, but those of T. formosanum became dark-brown.
The optimum agar medium tested for colony growth of two ectomycorrhizal fungi, viz. R. lepida and A. piceus was：1. MMN≧YMT≧MYC for R. lepida；2. MMN≧MYC＞YMT for A. piceus. A. piceus could form typical monopodial and dichotomous white ectomycorrhizae with P. taiwanensis using the pure culture synthesis, The structure of outer mantle was felt prosenchyma, and the inner mantle was net synenchyma. The hyphae mantle was 15∼30μm thick, The Hartig nets extended to the second layer of the cortex cells. R. lepida could only colonize around the root system of P. taiwanensis, and could not form mycorrhiza.

摘 要--------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ
SUMMARY-------------------------------------------------------Ⅲ
目 錄--------------------------------------------------------Ⅴ
表目次--------------------------------------------------------Ⅷ
圖目次--------------------------------------------------------Ⅸ
第一章、緒言---------------------------------------------------1
第二章、青剛櫟與台灣塊菌、印度塊菌半無菌合成試驗---------------3一、前人研究---------------------------------------------------3
（一）菌根之概念與種類
（二）菌根苗之功能
（三）影響菌根形成之因子
（四）外生菌根形態特徵、結構與分類研究
（五）青剛櫟之特性
（六）菌根食用菌的栽培技術
（七）塊菌接種源之介紹
（八）塊菌菌根之合成
（九）塊菌菌根之分類與鑑定
二、材料與方法------------------------------------------------18
（一） 苗木培養
（二） 塊菌之接種源
（三） 青剛櫟與塊菌之半無菌合成
（四） 立體顯微鏡之觀察
（五） 掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察
（六） 菌根對於化學試劑之反應
三、結果------------------------------------------------------23
（一）立體顯微鏡下之特徵
（二）掃瞄式電子顯微鏡（SEM）下之特徵
（三）菌根對化學試劑反應之觀察
（四）綜合比較
（五）圖片說明
四、討論------------------------------------------------------44
五、結論------------------------------------------------------51
第三章、台灣二葉松幼苗之外生菌根純合成------------------------53
一、前人研究--------------------------------------------------53
（一）台灣二葉松之介紹
（二）松屬植物之菌根資源
（三）外生菌根之純合成
（四）紅菇與鬚腹菌菌根之研究
二、材料與方法------------------------------------------------63
（一）菌種取得、分離與培養
（二）接種無菌苗培育
（三）試管內（in vitro）純合成試驗接種與觀察
（四）立體顯微鏡之觀察
（五）光學顯微鏡觀察
（六）掃瞄式電子顯微鏡之觀察及菌根元素試劑反應之觀察
（七） 統計分析
三、結果------------------------------------------------------65
（一）菌絲體菌落生長比較
（二）立體顯微鏡之觀察結果
（三）光學顯微鏡下之菌絲特徵
（四）掃瞄式電子顯微鏡之特徵
（五）菌根元素對化學試劑反應之觀察
（六）圖片與說明
四、討論------------------------------------------------------79
五、結論------------------------------------------------------85
第四章、總結--------------------------------------------------86
參考文獻------------------------------------------------------88

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