臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

當航行船舶遇到碰撞危機時，航海員必須以當時之環境條件，遵循國際避碰規則之要求，採取避讓行動，以防止海難發生。危機的判斷全憑航海員對於航行安全之主觀認知而定，換言之，航海員雖以行動避讓他船，但若不能保持安全距離，則仍會造成碰撞事故。船舶領域即是研究船舶避讓行為之基礎理論，在於展現船舶航行對於空間需求之特性，此項需求受到操船方式及海域環境等多項因素之影響而有差異。因此，本研究乃邀請船員利用問卷調查，就航海員之經驗與知能來探討避讓行為;並使用操船模擬機進行實驗，設定不同之會遇情境及能見度，以分析其行為與空間之表現，及避讓理念與實際行動之間之差異性。研究結果顯示船舶避讓時，航海員所欲保持之安全距離會受到壓縮，而能見度不良將使航海員採取比較安全之避讓行為。此結果可提供航海員評估環境影響所需之安全距離，在面對碰撞危機時，有助於採取正確之避讓行動;對於自動避碰系統之設計亦可提供作為碰撞警示之參考。

When a ship is exposed to risk of collision, the navigator has to take avoiding actions complying with the international regulations for preventing collisions under the circumstances to prevent a marine casualty. The judgment of the risk completely depends on the navigator''s subjective recognition to navigational safety. In other words, if his collision-avoidance actions can not keep a safe distance to other ships, consequently the accident may still happen. Ship domain which is a basic theory for analysis of ship-handling behavior can display the characteristics of the requirement for ship movements. There are some factors, such as ship-handling and marine environment, affecting the difference of the requirement. Therefore, this study is focused on the actions and behaviors of mariners by questionnaire and ship handling simulator experiment. The former surveys the navigator''s comprehension and desire to collision avoidance with experience and knowledge. The latter analyzes actual expressions within navigable sea rooms with different encounter situations and visibility. The study shows that the safe distance between ships under collision risk is compressed and less than navigator''s desire, and the effect of poor visibility significantly causes navigators to take safe and early actions. The results can provide navigators correct aspects assessing the requirement of safe distance when facing collision risks, and are helpful for auto collision avoidance system as reference to design collision warning signals.