臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

背景:機動車是甘比亞人最普遍使用的交通工具。道路交通的運輸對於市場交易及服務而言是必需的，它能促進農業發展，並且同時提升鄉村及都市的經濟發展。然而，我們對於甘比亞國內的機動車事故傷害的知識仍相當缺乏，包括機動車事故傷害在都市及鄉村的分佈、較易受傷的地區及季節等。
目的:本研究在於探討甘比亞機動車事故傷害，在都市及鄉村間的發生情形。
方法:使用回溯性的描述性統計，分別分析代表都市及鄉村兩個地點。資料由警方自2007年一月至2010年十二月，只有與車禍相關的因子會被納入分析。使用PASW統計軟體18版。
結果:結果顯示傷害在都市發生較頻繁，但死亡率在鄉村較高(58.4%)。不論在都市或鄉村，不同天氣發生事故傷害的比例都沒有顯著(p=0.17)。行人為最易受傷的道路使用者(74.8%) ，其次在鄉村的為車輛乘客 (56.6%) 。鄉村地區的機動車事故有53.3%是由於營業用車所造成，這些將歸類於都市事故傷害。
結論:由於資料上的限制，行人(53.2%)及乘客(35.1%)為主要死亡族群。都市的行人戰74.8%，56.6%乘客於鄉村區域發生事故並且與營業用車有關。因此在進行機動車事故傷害預防時應先著重於都市中的行人及鄉村的乘客。

Background: Motor vehicle is the most common form of transportation in the Gambian. Road transportation is an essential means to accessing markets and services, and to unlock agricultural potential, thereby improving economic both in the urban and rural areas. However, there is a knowledge gap on motor vehicle crash injuries in The Gambia and there are no differential statistics to show distribution in terms of urban and rural areas, and road users categories vulnerability by region and season.
Objective: This study seeks to investigate motor vehicle crash injuries between the Urban and Rural areas of The Gambia and thereby informing authorities on the magnitude and impact of Motor Vehicle Crash (MVC) injuries.
Methods: A descriptive retrospective analysis of all MVC injuries in Kanifing Municipal Area Council and North Bank Region representing urban and rural areas respectively. Data was collected from the completed Police records from January, 2007 to December, 2010. Only factors associated with motor vehicle crash injuries were analyzed using PASW statistics version 18.0 software
Results: The data analysis revealed that, there were more MVC injuries in the urban area but the fatality was higher (58.4 %,) in the rural areas than the urban areas. There was no seasonal variation (p=0.17) of MVC injuries in the urban and rural areas. The pedestrians were the most vulnerable (74.8%) category of road users in the urban areas whilst the vehicle passengers (56.6%) were predominant in the rural areas. Rural MVC injuries (53.5%) were associated with commercial vehicles whereas private vehicles 75.2% were frequently involved in urban crash injuries.
Conclusion: Based on the limited data of this study, the pedestrians (53.2%) and passengers (35.1%) constitute the majority of deaths among road users.
Significant proportions of the pedestrians (74.8%) were from the urban areas whilst (56.6%) of passenger causalities come from crashes involving commercial vehicles in the rural areas.
Therefore, the priority areas for prevention of motor vehicle crash injuries in The Gambia include protection of pedestrians in the urban areas, and safety of passengers in the rural areas.

TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE NUMBER
Dedication……………………………………………………………………….I
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………….II-III
Chinese abstract……………………………………………………………..….IV
English abstract…………………………………………………………………V-VII
Study operational definitions…………..………………………………………..VII
Acronyms……………………………………………………………..................VIII

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Table 1: Time and crash characteristics distribution of MVCIs between urban and rural areas……………………………………………………………………………...41-42
Table 2: Drivers and road users demographic characteristics of motor vehicle crash injuries between urban and rural areas………..……………………………….…43-44
Table 3: Injury severity related characteristics of MVCIs………………………45-46
Table 4: Multinomial logistic regression: factors predicting severe and fatal injury outcome versus minor injury……………………………………………………..47-48
Figure 3: Monthly MVCI in each year (2007-2010)…………………………..…49
Figure 4: Road users’ category and injury severity………………………............49
Figure 5: Number of crash injuries by motor vehicle category……………….….50
Figure 6: Time of motor vehicle crash injuries between urban and rural areas….50
Figure 7: Map of the study location……………………………………………....51





CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY............................1
1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................1-3
1.2 Statement of the problem. ...............................................................................4-6
1.3 Significance of the study……………………………………………………...7
1.4 Study goal.........................................................................................................8
1.5 Specific objectives………................................................................................8
1.6 Study hypothesis………....................................................................................8

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW…..…...............................9
2.1 Global views of motor vehicle crash injuries…………………………….…..9-10
2.2 Urban- rural motor vehicle crash injuries…………………………….……...10-11
2.3 Urban-rural mvc injuries and road users’ category……………….……….…12
2.4 Motor vehicle crash injury situation in the Gambia……………………..……..13

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY................................................14
3.1 Study design and setting...................................................................................14
3.2 Kanifing Municipality………………………………………………………..14
3.3 North Bank Region…………………………………………………………...14-15
3.4 Mobile traffic police records............................................................................16
3.5 Study variables…………….............................................................................17
3.6 Statistical analysis............................................................................................17
3.7 Ethical consideration........................................................................................18



CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS................................................................19
4.1General MVCIs characteristics between Urban and rural areas………..…....19-22
4.2 Injury severity………………………………………………………..……...23-24
4.3 Factors predicting severe and fatal injury outcome versus minor injury........25-26

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS……….….27
5.1 Discussions.....................................................................................................27-32
5.2 Strengths and limitations…………………………………………….………33
5.3 Conclusions and way forward.........................................................................34
5.3 References……………...................................................................................35-40

APPENDICES……………………………………………………………….…..51
Data collection checklist ……………………………………………...........…...52-53
Letter of permission………………………………………………………..……54-55
Letter of approval from Inspector general of police………………......…………56

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