臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中文摘要
在知識經濟的時代裡，除了有形的資產外，無形的資產－知識資產可說是影響企
業競爭力的重要因素。然而因為知識本身通常不易描述，使得釵h企業雖然瞭解到知
識是公司的重要資源，卻不知如何有效進行知識管理，更遑論透過知識管理來達到提
昇組織競爭力的目的。過去的研究大多著重在如何管理現有的知識，很少能注意到如
何促進組織知識資產的產生。因此如何有效的促進組織知識資產的產生，值得研究。
此外組織因業務性質不同與個人專業能力差異的因素下，部門間的工作特性也會有所
差異，組織中的員工會因不同的工作特性而採取不同的知識處理模式。因此了解工作
特性對知識創造與知識資產間的權變效果（contingent effect）成為值得關注的議
題。本研究以此為研究目的。
本研究的貢獻有三點：
（1）透過既有的理論彙整，發展出一個「知識創造」對「知識資產」影響的整
合模式理論架構。
（2）建立「知識創造」對「知識資產」影響的整合模式之各構念操作型定義
（operationalization）。
（3）透過實證研究來驗證理論，並發掘「知識創造」與「知識資產」之相關因
素間的關聯性。同時瞭解「工作特性」對前述關聯性的權變效應，掌握「知識資產」
的影響因子供業界參考，俾使企業在推動知識管理的過程中能更加順暢與落實。

ABSTRACT
How to use knowledge assets effectively in facilitating knowledge
management becomes a critical issue in the age of knowledge economy. Since
there is relatively litter research examining the relationships among
knowledge creation processes （SECI） and knowledge assets, this study
developed a contingency model that integrates the aforementioned factors as
well as task characteristics. An empirical research was conducted to test the
feasibility of our research framework. This study extends Fu et al’s （2005）
research by investigating the impact of individual processes （i.e. SECI） on
four different types of knowledge assets separately. Implications and
discussions are provided.

目 錄
中文摘要................................................................................................................................I
誌 謝................................................................................................................................. III
目 錄.................................................................................................................................IV
表目錄................................................................................................................................ VII
圖目錄.................................................................................................................................IX
壹、緒論................................................................................................................................1
一、研究背景................................................................................................................... 1
（一）知識資產，知識經濟時代企業核心資產....................................................... 1
（二）知識創造，企業提昇競爭力的成永鶬?...................................................... 2
二、研究動機與目的....................................................................................................... 3
（一）研究動機........................................................................................................... 3
（二）研究目的........................................................................................................... 4
三、研究範圍................................................................................................................... 4
四、論文結構與研究程序............................................................................................... 5
貳、文獻探討........................................................................................................................ 7
一、知識的定義............................................................................................................... 7
二、組織知識創造......................................................................................................... 12
三、組織知識資產......................................................................................................... 16
四、知識創造與BA（KNOWLEDGE CREATION AND BA）............................................. 18
五、工作特性對SECI 與知識資產間的權變效果....................................................... 20
（一）工作定向（task orientation） ........................................................................ 21
（二）工作範圍（task domain） ............................................................................. 21
參、研究方法...................................................................................................................... 23
一、研究模式................................................................................................................. 23
（一）自變項 （組織知識創造，包括以下五項）............................................... 25
（二）依變項 （組織知識資產，包括以下五項）............................................... 26
（三）調和變項 （工作特性，包括以下三項）................................................... 26
二、研究假設................................................................................................................. 27
（一）組織知識創造與知識資產間的關係............................................................. 28
（二）不同的「工作特性」，「知識創造」對於「知識資產」之影響............. 29
V
三、研究變數的操作性定義與衡量............................................................................. 32
（一）變數定義與操作化......................................................................................... 32
（二）問卷設計......................................................................................................... 37
（三）問卷測試 （pilot test）................................................................................. 38
四、研究樣本................................................................................................................. 39
（一）研究樣本......................................................................................................... 39
（二）資料蒐集程序................................................................................................. 39
五、資料分析方法與工具............................................................................................. 40
（一）敘述統計（Descriptive Statistics）............................................................... 40
（二）信度與效度分析............................................................................................. 40
（三）因素分析（factor analysis）.......................................................................... 40
（四）皮爾森積差相關分析..................................................................................... 41
（五）典型相關分析................................................................................................. 41
（六）單因子變異數分析（one-way ANOVA）.................................................... 41
（七）迴歸分析......................................................................................................... 42
（八）集群分析......................................................................................................... 42
肆、資料分析與結果.......................................................................................................... 43
一、問卷資料................................................................................................................. 43
（一）問卷回收過程................................................................................................. 43
（二）樣本特性描述與分析..................................................................................... 43
二、因素分析................................................................................................................. 45
（一）組織知識資產部分......................................................................................... 46
（二）組織知識創造部分......................................................................................... 49
三、信度分析................................................................................................................. 50
四、假設檢定................................................................................................................. 52
（一）「組織知識創造」對「組織知識資產」影響之分析................................. 53
（二）「工作特性」在「組織知識創造」對「組織知識資產」影響的調和作用
.................................................................................................................................... 68
（三）假設驗證結果................................................................................................. 73
伍、結論與建議.................................................................................................................. 75
一、研究限制................................................................................................................. 75
二、研究貢獻................................................................................................................. 76
VI
三、研究建議................................................................................................................. 76
四、研究結論................................................................................................................. 77
陸、參考文獻...................................................................................................................... 79
附錄一：本研究問卷.......................................................................................................... 86
VII
表目錄
表2-1：知識定義彙總表...................................................................................................... 8
表2-2：顯性知識與隱性知識之比較（Sallis & Jones, 2002, pp.12, 14 ）.................... 10
表2-3：四種不同型態知識資產彙整表............................................................................ 17
表3-4：試測問卷的信度分析（N=58）............................................................................ 38
表4-1：問卷回收狀況....................................................................................................... 43
表4-2：回收樣本特性分佈列表（樣本數：273） ......................................................... 44
表4-3：KMO 統計量的判斷原理（Kaiser ，1974） ...................................................... 46
表4-4：「組織知識資產」之KMO 與Bartlett''s 檢定................................................. 46
表4-5：「組織知識資產」因素分析表........................................................................... 47
表4-6：「組織知識創造」之KMO 與Bartlett''s 檢定................................................. 49
表4-7：「組織知識創造」因素分析表........................................................................... 49
表4-8：各變項/變數信度分析結果................................................................................. 51
表4-9：各假設檢定使用之統計方法彙整表................................................................... 52
表4-10：知識創造各構面對知識資產之皮爾森積差相關（Pearson correlation）表
............................................................................................................................................. 54
表4-11：「組織知識創造」逐步回歸變異數分析（ANOVA）運算結果....................... 54
表4-12：「組織知識創造」對「組織知識資產」之逐步多元回歸分析摘要表......... 58
表4-13：典型相關分析模式適合度測量摘要表............................................................. 60
表4-14：第一個典型函數的重疊指標(Redundancy Index)計算分析表..................... 60
表4-15：第二個典型函數的重疊指標(Redundancy Index)計算分析表..................... 61
表4-16：「組織知識創造」層面與「組織知識資產」層面典型相關分析摘要表..... 62
表4-17：「社會化過程」對「常規性知識資產」之逐步多元回歸分析摘要表......... 64
表4-18：「外化過程」對「觀念性知識資產」之逐步多元回歸分析摘要表............. 65
表4-19：「結合化過程」對「系統性知識資產」之逐步多元回歸分析摘要表......... 66
表4-20：「內化過程」對「經驗性知識資產」之逐步多元回歸分析摘要表............. 67
表4-21：逐步多元迴歸分析標準化迴歸係數摘要表..................................................... 67
表4-22：「調和變數」類型表......................................................................................... 68
表4-23：「工作特性」分群表......................................................................................... 69
表4-24：「工作特性」分群表-最後集群中心點........................................................... 69
表4-25：「工作特性」變異數同質性檢定表................................................................. 70
表4-26：「工作特性」變異數分析表............................................................................. 70
VIII
表4-27：「工作特性」Pearson 相關係數表.................................................................. 71
表4-28：「工作特性」組織迴歸係數表......................................................................... 72
表4-29：「工作特性」調和變數回歸效益分析表......................................................... 72
表4-30：本研究之假設檢定結果彙整表......................................................................... 73
IX
圖目錄
圖1-1：研究架構圖.............................................................................................................. 6
圖2-1：資料、資訊與知識三者之關係圖........................................................................ 11
圖2-2：組織知識創造理論................................................................................................ 13
圖2-3：組織知識形成模式................................................................................................ 15
圖2-4：組織知識管理的五階段模式................................................................................ 16
圖2-5：知識創造的動態模式理論.................................................................................... 19
圖2-6：知識創造的情境理論Ba ...................................................................................... 19
圖2-7：工作特性與SECI 對應關聯圖（本研究整理） ................................................. 22
圖3-1：本研究架構圖....................................................................................................... 24
圖3-2：「知識創造」與「知識資產」的關係模式........................................................ 29
圖3-3：工作特性對「知識創造」與「知識資產」的關係模式.................................... 32
圖3-4：單因子變異數分析流程圖.................................................................................... 42
圖4-1：「組織知識資產」標準化殘差常態機率分配圖................................................ 56
圖4-2：「組織知識資產」殘差值與預測值交叉散佈圖................................................ 57
圖4-3：「知識創造」與「知識資產」關聯性模式........................................................ 59
圖4-4：組織知識創造過程與組織知識資產典型相關分析路徑圖................................ 63
圖4-5：假設1-1~1-4 驗證結果......................................................................................... 68

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