臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以影印紙、新聞紙、瓦楞紙板及廣告塗佈紙等四種廢紙為原料，以聚乙二醇-丙三醇（PEG-Glycerol）混合藥劑為液化藥劑，硫酸為催化劑進行液化處理，所獲得之液化廢紙則分別與聚二苯甲烷二異氰酸酯（PMDI）及Desmodur L兩種異氰酸酯混合製備聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂（Polyurethane；PU），探討不同種類液化廢紙與異氰酸酯所製備PU樹脂之性質，並進一步將液化廢紙與PMDI及Desmodur L混合，並添加水為發泡劑、有機矽氧烷為界面活性劑、二月桂酸二丁基錫為催化劑製造PU發泡體，探討液化廢紙種類、異氰酸酯種類及界面活性劑、催化劑、發泡劑添加量等條件對發泡體性質之影響。由結果可知，影印紙有較高之全纖維素含量，新聞紙及瓦楞紙板則有較多之木質素含量，廣告塗佈紙則灰分含量較高。以多元醇進行廢紙液化時，廢紙組成分、液化溶劑/廢紙重量比（液比）、酸催化劑添加量等均會影響其液化效果，其中以木質素含量較高的新聞紙及瓦楞紙板之液化效果較佳。兩種異氰酸酯比較，以Desmodur L為異氰酸酯所製備PU薄膜之機械性質較以PMDI為異氰酸酯所製備者剛硬；四種液化廢紙比較，以液化影印紙（A2）及液化廣告塗佈紙（D）為多元醇所製造PU薄膜具較佳之機械性質及耐溶劑性。將液化廢紙與PMDI反應製造PU發泡體時，其適宜之組成分條件為[NCO]/[OH+COOH]莫耳比為1.2，界面活性劑、催化劑及發泡劑之添加量分別為液化廢紙重之3%、3%及0.5%；而以Desmodur L為異氰酸酯者其適用條件則依液化廢紙種類而異，其中以液化影印紙（A2）及液化廣告塗佈紙（D）為多元醇原料者之適宜條件為[NCO]/[OH+COOH]莫耳比1.2，界面活性劑、催化劑及發泡劑之添加量分別為8%、6%及5%，而以液化新聞紙（B）及液化瓦楞紙板（C）為多元醇原料者則宜採用之界面活性劑、催化劑及發泡劑之添加量分別為12%、8%及5%。

摘要...................................................... i
SUMMARY.................................................. ii
目次..................................................... iv
圖目次....................................................... vi
表目次....................................................... xi
第一章 前言............................................... 1
第二章 文獻回顧........................................................ 3
一、 生物質之液化作用........................................................ 3
二、 PU之化學原理及其應用........................................................ 8
三、 回收廢紙之再利用....................................................... 12
第三章 廢紙之液化處理及其液化產物之性質.................. 14
一、 試驗材料與方法.................................. 14
(一) 試驗材料...................................... 14
(二) 試驗方法...................................... 15
二、 結果與討論...................................... 21
(一) 廢紙之前處理.................................. 21
(二) 不同種類廢紙之組成分.......................... 22
(三) 液化廢紙之性質................................ 23
第四章 液化廢紙與異氰酸酯反應製造PU樹脂之性質............ 34
一、 試驗材料與方法.................................. 34
(一) 試驗材料...................................... 34
(二) 試驗方法...................................... 35
二、 結果與討論.......................................... 39
(一) PU樹脂之硬化性.................................... 39
(二) PU薄膜之重量保留率................................ 42
(三) PU薄膜之拉伸性質.................................. 44
(四) PU薄膜之FT-IR分析................................. 49
(五) PU薄膜之熱性質分析................................ 52
第五章 液化廢紙與異氰酸酯反應製造PU發泡體................ 57
一、 試驗材料與方法.................................. 57
(一) 試驗材料...................................... 57
(二) 試驗方法...................................... 58
二、 結果與討論.......................................... 61
(一) 不同組成物調配條件對PMDI-液化廢紙PU發泡體發泡特性之影響....................................................... 62
(二) 不同組成物調配條件對Desmodur L-液化廢紙PU發泡體發泡特性之影響................................................. 67
(三) 不同液化廢紙種類對PU發泡體發泡特性之影響.......... 72
(四) PMDI-液化廢紙PU發泡體之性質...................... 75
(五) Desmodur L-液化廢紙PU發泡體之性質................ 83
第六章 結論.............................................. 89
參考文獻................................................. 91

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