臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本試驗主要在於探討人工模擬酸性逆境對玉米種子發芽及三葉期幼苗生長兩個生育階段的影響。
將玉米種子以不同pH值分別為2.0、2.5、3.0、4.0、5.0和5.5之酸性溶液處理，進行發芽試驗，結果顯示pH 2.5和2.0酸性溶液明顯抑制種子發芽、胚根和芽鞘的生長。此外，pH 2.5的酸性逆境明顯抑制發芽種子α-amylase活性、澱粉分解、蔗糖和葡萄糖的合成；種子中並累積較多的H2O2和 MDA。由上述結果推測，在酸性逆境下發芽種子發生過氧化作用，造成氧化傷害，結果抑制α-amylase活性，導致澱粉分解受阻，進而阻礙玉米種子正常的發芽。
玉米三葉期幼苗分別以pH 2.0、2.5、3.0、4.0、5.0和5.5之酸性溶液處理，結果顯示pH 2.5和2.0酸性溶液抑制株高的生長、根部及地上部的乾物重和相對生長速率。在pH 2.5酸性逆境下，幼苗葉片葉綠素含量明顯減少，但葉綠素a/b比值並無明顯改變；pH 2.5酸性逆境下葉片葉綠素螢光釋放量較高，顯示光合作用受抑制；此外，幼苗葉片細胞發生大量離子滲漏，顯示葉片細胞之原生質膜受損。在pH 2.5酸性逆境下葉片和根部的H2O2和MDA含量均提高，顯示植株發生過氧化作用及氧化傷害；另一方面，葉片和根部抗氧化防禦系統呈現Asc含量下降、APx活性降低、GSH含量增加、GSH/GSSG比值提高和GR活性增加的反應趨勢。由上述試驗結果推測，酸性逆境可造成植物發生過氧化作用及氧化傷害，進而引起葉片光化學活性降低，葉綠素含量減少，細胞原生質膜及胞內膜系受損，導致葉片提早老化，乾物質合成減少，最後影響幼苗的生長。

The purpose of this experiment is to explore the effect of stimulated acid stress on germination and V3-seedling growth of maize.
Maize seeds were treated with acid solutions of different pH values, i.e. 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 5.5, respectively. The results showed that the acid solutions of pH 2.5 and 2.0 had a significant decrease in germination rate, radicle and coleoptile growth. In addition, the acid stress of pH 2.5 decreased significantly in α-amylase activity, starch decomposition, glucose and sucrose synthesis in germinating seeds; also accumulated more H2O2 and MDA. It postulated that under acid stress the germinating seeds suffered from oxidative damage, and then resulted in the decrease of α-amylase activity and starch decomposition. Consequently, the germination was depressed.
V3-seedlings of maize were treated with acid solutions of different pH values, i.e. 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 5.5, respectively. The results showed that acid solutions of pH 2.5 and 2.0 had a significant depression to the plant height, dry weight and RGR of roots as well as above-ground parts. Under the acid stress of pH 2.5, the chlorophyll content in seedling leaves decreased, however, the ratio of chlorophyll a/b didn’t show a significant change. Under acid stress of pH 2.5, the leaf maintaining a higher release of the chlorophyll fluorescence indicated that the photosynthesis of seedling was inhibited. The acid stress of pH 2.5 also induced a greater ion leakage. A serious peroxidation and oxidative damage had been obserbed in the maize seedling as subjected to acid stress of pH 2.5. Antioxidant defense system had also been tested. Asc content and APx activity decreased, whereas GSH content, GSH/GSSG ratio, and GR activity were increased in both leaves and roots of seedling. Based on the aboved results, it’s concluded that peroxidation and oxidative damage can be occurred under the acid stress, and induce photochemical activity depression, chlorophyll loss, membrane permeability increase, premature senescence of leaves, and dry matter synthesis inhibition, subsequently the growth of seedling was depressed.

中文摘要…………………………………………………………… i
英文摘要…………………………………………………………… ii
目錄………………………………………………………………… iii
表目錄……………………………………………………………… iv
圖目錄……………………………………………………………… v
縮寫字……………………………………………………………… vii
緒言………………………………………………………………… 1
前人研究…………………………………………………………… 4
材料與方法………………………………………………………… 20
結果………………………………………………………………… 32
第一部分：酸性逆境對玉米種子發芽之影響…………………… 32
試驗一：不同pH值酸性溶液對玉米種子發芽之影響…………… 32
試驗二：酸性逆境對玉米發芽種子澱粉分解之影響…………… 40
試驗三：酸性逆境造成玉米發芽種子的氧化傷害……………… 44
第二部分：酸性逆境對玉米三葉期幼苗生長之影響…………… 49
試驗一：不同pH值酸性溶液對玉米幼苗根部及地上部生長之影響…………………………………………………………………… 49
試驗二：酸性逆境對玉米幼苗光合作用和葉片老化之影響…… 56
試驗三：酸性逆境對幼苗葉片氧化傷害及抗氧化反應………… 62
試驗四：酸性逆境對幼苗根部氧化傷害及抗氧化反應………… 73
討論………………………………………………………………… 88
參考文獻…………………………………………………………… 98

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