臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

PMMA臨時牙橋樹脂，也叫牙套，為現今修復治療齲齒一種方法，當牙齒損壞後且難於通過補牙的方式修復時，可用不同的材料製成人造牙冠，以用來加以保護牙齒。本實驗共有兩部分，第一是使用的分離式動態扭力桿MTKB(Modified Torsional Kolsky Bar)是以瞬間扭轉的力量讓試件經剪切力破壞斷裂，主要是探討牙套材料在受到一個剪切力所產生的剪切破壞、剪切模數、降伏區域及最大剪應力與剪應變情形，第二是使用分離式霍普金森衝擊桿SHPB(Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar)探討其牙橋材料在受正向衝擊時的應力與應變曲線趨勢。
在本研究中針對牙套材料共有4種，而進行動態剪切測試的試件採用牙橋材料混合比例皆相同來進行第一次動態剪切的測試，第二次則針對其中一種材料使用不同混合比例以及改變其應變率的方式進行測試。動態衝擊測試的試件則是使用混合比例相同來進行動態機械性質的探討。從實驗結果得知對其強度產生較多影響的是應變率的改變，然而混合比例的改變對其機械性質的影響較小，再使用SEM觀察其斷裂面的微觀結構與比較斷裂剪切帶的分佈狀態。

Teeth replacement has been an important therapy for dental treatment, such as dental dentures and the filler materials. In order to obtain the mechanical properties of temporary braces, using the Modified Torsional Kolsky Bar (MTKB) and Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) facility was adopted. The temporary braces were PMMA based materials. The temporary braces were mixed using two types one is same mixed rate the other is different percentages of PMMA compounds. The research investigate braces material applied to a shear force , it produce the shear failure and observation shear modulus, yield zone and the maximum shear stress and strain.
In this study, four kinds of material for the temporary braces, and the dynamic shear test specimens using the same mixing ratio for the first time, the second is using of materials with different mixing ratio with same strain rate. Dynamic compression test specimens are using the same mixing ratio for observation there dynamic mechanical properties.
From the experimental results that more effect on its strength is change the strain rate than different mixing ratio. Finally we observed distribution of shear zone faults by SEM microstructure.

ABSTRACT IV
目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 文獻回顧 2
1-2-1聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 2
1-2-2 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯型假牙樹脂之主要成分 3
1-2-3 橫向強度 5
1-3 牙冠修復材料 5
1-4 高分子牙冠修復材料 8
1-5 牙科材料與口腔組織相關實驗 8
1-6 臨時牙橋研究 11
第二章 理論基礎 12
2-1 MTKB基礎理論概述 12
2-1-1 各種機械性質測試 12
2-1-2 MTKB基礎理論概述 17
2-1-3 應變訊號分析 18
2-2 MTKB系統架構與組裝 20
2-3 一維扭轉波傳理論 20
2-4 霍普金森扭轉試驗機原理 22
2-5 油壓裝置部分 26
2-6桿材部分 27
2-7 TKB桿的對準與校正 28
2-8以面來對準 28
2-9軸承座間距 28
第三章 實驗方法 29
3-1 實驗流程 29
3-2試件製作步驟 30
3-2-1 選用的臨時牙橋材料 30
3-2-2 混合臨時牙橋樹脂材料與注入模具當中 32
3-3實驗儀器與設備 36
3-2-2 霍普金森動態撞擊試驗機 38
3-2-3 訊號擷取裝置 39
3-3動態分離式霍普金森扭力桿計算過程 39
第四章 結果與討論 42
4-1 TB01~04相同混合比例與應變率60s-1使用MTKB動態剪切測試 43
4-2 TB01~04相同混合比例1:0.5與應變率120s-1使用MTKB動態剪切測試 45
4-3 TB03相同混合比例與改變應變率30s-1~200s-1使用MTKB動態剪切測試 47
4-4 TB03不同混合比例1:0.7~1:0.4與固定應變率60s-1使用MTKB動態剪切測試 49
4-5 TB01~04相同混合比例1:0.5與不同應變率使用SHPB動態衝擊測試與靜態壓縮測試 51
4-6 TB01~04剪切測試後斷裂面與SEM斷裂微觀結構觀察 54
第五章 結論 56
參考文獻 57
作者簡歷 63

[1]K Honda, Incandescent lamps. In: Lighting Association, editor. The lighting handbook, Tokyo: Ohmu-sha, 1994, 129-134.
[2]Z Tarle , A Meniga, A Knežević, J Šutalo, M Ristić, G Pichler, Composite conversion and temperature rise using a conventional, plasma arc, and an experimental blue LED curing unit, J Oral Rehabil , 2002, 29, 662–667.
[3]RW Mills, KD Jandt, SH Asworth, Dental composite depth of cure with halogen and blue light emitting diode (LED)technology, Br Dent J, 1999, 186, 388–391.
[4]WF Caughman, FA Rueggeberg, Shedding new light on composite polymerization, Oper Dent, 2002, 27, 636–638.
[5]鄭信忠, 一口好牙：0～99 歲的保健牙典, 臺市文化, 2004.
[6]鍾國雄, 牙科材料學, 合記出版社.
[7]DF Williams, Medical and dental material, RW Cahn, P Haasen, EJ Kramer,Material science and technology vol. 14, VCH , Weinheim, 1992, 209-258.
[8]A Hervás-García, MA Martínez-Lozano, J Cabanes-Vila, A Barjau-Escribano, P Fos-Galve. Composite resins. A review of the materials and clinical indications, Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 2006, 11, E215-E220.
[9]長谷川二郎,歯科材料と技術・機器の開発，2006
[10]M Pohto, A Scheinin, Vital microscopy of the pulp in the rat incisor. Ⅶ.Reactions to silicate cements, Acta Odontol Scand, 1958, 31, 548-558.
[11]L Zach, G Cohen, Pulp response to externally applied heat, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 1965, 19, 515-530.
[12]P Baldissara, S Catapano, R Scotti, Clinical and histological evaluation of thermal injury thresholds in human teeth: apreliminary study, J Oral Rehabil, 1997, 25, 435-440.
[13]王培昱, 不同熟化方式之假牙樹脂的形態與機械性質之關係，碩士論文，國立中山大學材料科學研究所，高雄，台灣。
[14]www.ricon-dental.com


[15]S Masutaini, JC Setcos, RJ Schnell, RW Phillips, Temperature rise duringpolymerization of visible light-activated composite resins, Dent Mater, 1988, 4,174-178.
[16]M Hannig, B Bott, In-vitro pulp chamber temperature rise during composite resin polymerization with various light-curing sources, Dent Mater, 1999, 15, 275-281.
[17]S Bouillaguet , G Caillot , J Forchelet, M Cattani-Lorente, JC Wataha, Krejci I,Thermal risks from LED- and high-intensity QTH-curing units during polymerization of dental resins, J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater,2005, 72B, 260-267.
[18]AC Shortall, E Harrington, Temperature rise during polymerization of light-activated resin composites, J Oral Rehabil, 1998, 25, 908–913.
[19]AUJ Yap, MS Soh, Thermal emission by different light-curing units, Oper Dent,105 2003, 28, 260–266.
[20]AC Shortall, HJ Wilson, E Harrington, Depth of cure of radiation-activatedcomposite restoratives-influence of shade and opacity, J Oral Rehabil, 1995, 52, 626-631.
[21]http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯
[22]H.Ishigaki , I.Kawaguchi ,M. Iwasa, Y.Toibana,1986,“Friction and wear of hot pressed silicon nitride and other ceramics”,J. Tribology108, 514–521
[23]S.Kitaoka, T.Tsuji, T.Katoh., Y.Yamaguch,K. Kashiwagi ,1994,“Tribologicalcharacteristics of SiC ceramics in high-temperatureand high-pressure water”. J.Am. Ceram. Soc. 77, 1851–1856
[24]T.Senda, E.Yasuda, M.Kaji, R.C.Bradt,1999,“Effect of grain size on the slidingwear and friction of alumina at elevated temperatures”,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82,1505–1511(1999)
[25]S.Cho, C.Um,1996,“Wear and wear transition in silicon carbide ceramics duringsliding”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 79, 1247–1251
[26]L. K., 2003, “Dynamic material property characterization by using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique”, Nuclear Engineering and Design,pp.119-125.


[27]B. A Gama, S. L Lopatnikov, J. W G. Jr, 2004. “Hopkinson bar experimental technique: A critical review” Applied Mechanics Reviews, Volume 57, Issue 4,pp.223–250.
[28]S. Nemat-Nasser, 2000. “Introduction to high strain rate testing” In: “ASM Handbook, Mechanical Testing and Evaluation” ASM International, Volume 8, pp.427–461.
[29]莊雲晴(2011)動態負荷下膝關節之關節軟骨、半月板組織以及PAA 水膠修補 94 材料之動態響應，碩士論文，國立高雄應用科技大學機械工程學系，高雄， 台灣。
[30]林文正(2012) 高應變率下布拉格光纖光柵應變感測器之動態響應，碩士論文， 國立高雄應用科技大學機械工程學系，高雄，台灣。
[31]鄭丁豪(2011) 高強度碳化矽(SiC)薄膜之動態摩擦特性研究，碩士論文， 國立高雄應用科技大學機械工程學系，高雄，台灣。
[32]U. S. Lindholm and L. W. Yeakly, “High Strain Rate Testing: Tension and Compression,” Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 3 , pp. 81-88, 1983.
[33]M. A. Meyers, Dynamic Behavior of Materials, A Wiley-Interscience Publication, pp. 23-65, 1994.
[34]J. D. Campbell, “Dynamic Plasticity: Macroscopic and Microscopic Aspects,” Materials and Science Engineering, Vol. 12, pp. 3-21, 1973.
[35]李南瑋(2007) 生醫鈦合金之動態剪切變形與破壞行為分析，碩士論文， 國立成功大學機械工程學系，台南，台灣。
[36]Z. R., 1998,“On the compressibility of a glass forming lubricant experiments and molecular modeling, Journal of Mechanics”,vol.46,pp.1699-1722.
[37]F. R., 1993, “On the compressibility of elast-hyctro dynamic lubricants”, Journalof Tribology,vol155,pp.557-559.
[38]T. Kobayashi, J.W. Simons, C.S. Brown, D.A. Shockey,2008,“Plastic flow behavior ofInconel 718 under dynamic shear loads”, International Journal of Impact Engineering 35,389–396

[39]J.P. Hou , C. Ruiz, A. Trojanowski,2000,“Torsion tests of thermosetting resins at impact strain rate and under quasi-static loading” ,Engineering A283,181–188
[40]Taha N.A.: Fracture strength and fracture patterns of root filled teeth restored with direct resin restorations, journal of dentistry 39 (2011) 527 – 535
[41]Meerbeek B.V.: Micro-rotary fatigue of tooth biomaterial interfaces, Biomaterials 26 (2005) 1145–1153
[42]Grayson W. & Marshall Jr: The dentin substrate: structure and properties related to bonding, Journal of Dentistry, 25- 6 (1997) 441-458
[43]Yasuhiro Tanimoto, Satoshi Hirayama, Masaru Yamaguchi, Tsuyoshi Nishiwaki: Static and dynamic moduli of posterior dental resin composites under compressive loading, Science Dirrect, (2011)1531-1539
[44]Vallee G.E.: Translating dental performance into engineering science within a senior capstone design project, Westren new England college.
[45]Tanimoto, Y.: Dynamic Viscoelastic Behavior of Dental Composites Measured by Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar, Dental Materials Journal, 25-2 (2006), 234-240.
[46]Tanimoto Y.: Static and dynamic moduli of posterior dental resin composites under compressive loading, T he mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 4 (2011) 1531–1539
[47]Vaseenon, S.: relationship between caries-affected dentin mineral density and microtensile bond strength, Master's thesis, University of Iowa, 2011.
[48]Honda M. J.: The induction of dentin bridge-like structures by constructs of sub cultured dental pulp-derived cells and porous HA/TCP in porcine teeth, Nagoya J. Med. Sci. 71. (2009) 51 ~ 62.
[49]Dwayne A.: Nanoscopic dynamic mechanical properties of intertubular and peritubular dentin, the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 7 (2012)3–16
[50]Imbeni V.: The dentin–enamel junction and the fracture of human teeth, nature materials 4 (2005)229-232
[51]T. Kobayashi, J.W. Simons, C.S. Brown, D.A. Shockey: Plastic flow behavior of Inconel 718 under dynamic shear loads, Science Dirrect, (2008) 389–396


[52]N.K. Naik , Addis .Asmelash, Venkateswara. R .K, 2007,“Interlaminar shear properties of polymer matrixcomposites: Strain rate effect”, Mechanics of Materials 39,1043–1052.
[53]L. M., 2009, “Experimental study of stress wave propagation across a filled rock joint”, Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences,vol.46,pp. 471–478.
[54]K. H. Hartmann, H. D. Kunze and L. W. Meyers, in “Shock Waves and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena in Metals,” (ed. by M. A. Meyers and L. E. Murr), pp. 325-337, 1981.
[55]M. A. Meyers, G. Subash, B. K. Kad and L. Prasad, “Evolution of microstructure and shear-band formation in α-hcp titanium,” Mechanics of Materials, Vol. 17, 1997, pp. 175-193.
[56]W. S. Lee, C. Y. Liu, “Comparison of dynamic compressive flow behavior of mild and medium steels over wide temperature range,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, v 36, n 11, November, 2005, pp. 3175-3186.
[57]R. E. Reed-Hill, C. V. Iswaran and M. J. Kaufman, ”A power law model for the flow stress and strain-rate sensitivity in CP titanium,” Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, v 33, n 1, Jul 1, 1995, pp. 157-162.
[58]H. Kobayashi and B. Dodd, “A Numerical Analysis for the Formation of Adiabatic Shear Bands Including Void Nucleation and Growth,”International Journal of Impact Engineering, Vol. 8, pp. 1-13, 1989.
[59]F. J. Zerilli and R. W. Armstrong, “Constitutive Equation for HCP Metals and High Strength Alloy Steels,” in High Strain Rate Effects on Polymer, Metal and Ceramic Matrix Composites and other Advanced Materials, AD-Vol. 48, pp. 121-126, 1995.
[60]A. M. Eleiche and J. D. Campbell, “Strain-Rate Effects During Reverse Torsional Shear,” Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 16, pp. 281-290, 1976.
[61]J. D. Campbell and W. G. Ferguson, “The Temperature and Strain-Rate Dependence of the Shear Strength of Mild Steel,” Philosophical Magazine, Vol. 21, pp. 63-82, 1970.


[62]U. S. Lindholm and L. W. Yeakly, “High Strain Rate Testing: Tension and Compression,” Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 3 , pp. 81-88, 1983.

[63]M. A. Meyers and L. E. Murr, Shock Waves and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena in Metals, Plenum Press, pp. 129-167, 1981.
[64]S. Komatsu, M. Ikeda, T. Sugimoto, K. Kamei, O. Maesaki and M. Kojima, "Aging behaviour of Ti-15Mo-5Zr and Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al alloy up to 573K," Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 213, pp. 61-65, 1996.
[65]F. E. Hauser, "Techniques for Measuring Stress-Strain Relations at High Strain Rates," Exp. Mech., Vol. 6, pp. 395-402, 1966.
[66]Picton, D. C. A., “Extrusive mobility of teeth in adult monkeys(Macaca fascicularis).＂ Arch Oral Biol. 31: 369-72, 1986.
[67]Nagerl, H., Burstone CJ., Becker, B. and Kubein-Messenburg, D., “Centers of rotation with transverse forces : an experimental study.＂Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 99: 337-345, 1991.
[68]Mandel, U., Dalgaard, P. and Viidik, A., “A biomechanical study of thehuman periodontal ligament.＂ J Biomechanics. 19: 637-645, 1986.
[69]Toms, S. R., Lemons, J. E., Bartolucci, A. A. and Eberhardt, A. W., “Nonlinear stress-strain behaviour of periodontal ligament underothodontic loading.＂ Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 122: 174-179,2002.
[70]Cavel, W.T., Kelsey, P.W. and Blankenau, R.J., “An in vitro study of cuspal fracture”, Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, Vol. 53, pp. 38-42, 1985.