臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

校長是學校主要的決策者，教師是學校重要的執行者，兩者皆負學校效能成敗之責任，本研究將探討校長運用關行銷是否有助於學校效能之提升。擬透過教師感恩的中介作用，探討校長關係行銷對組織信任的影響，並深入探究組織承諾是否會透過教師教學品質對學生學習成就產生影響。本研究並進一步驗證校長關行銷、教師感恩、組織信任、組織承諾、教師教學品質與學生學習成就的遠程中介關係。
本研究以高雄市公私立國民中學教師為研究對象，以分層立意抽樣進行問卷調查，總計回收311份有效問卷，經信效度分析後，為瞭解各變項間的關係，以結構方程模式(SEM)進行結構模式之檢測，此外為證明中介及遠程中介效果，運用拔靴法(bootstrap method)進行驗證。

本研究假依據實證結果加以驗證討論後，提出研究結論如下。

一、校長關係行銷對教師感恩會產生正向影響。
二、教師感恩對組織信任會產生正向影響。
三、校長關係行銷對組織信任會產生正向影響。
四、組織信任對組織承諾會產生正向影響。
五、組織承諾對教師教學品質會產生正向影響。
六、教師教學品質對學生學習成就會產生正向影響。
七、組織承諾對學生學習成就會產生正向影響。
八、校長關係行銷對教師教學品質無法產生影響效果。
九、教師感恩在校長關係行銷與組織信任的關係之間會產生中介效果。
十、教師教學品質在組織承諾與學生學習成就的關係之間會產生中介效果。
十一、教師感恩及組織信任在校長關係行銷與組織承諾的關係之間會產生遠程
中介效果。
十二、組織承諾及教師教學品質在組織信任與學生學習成就的關係之間會產生
遠程中介效果。

最後，針對上述結論，提出未來研究之建議，以供後續研究者進行探究。

ABSTRACT

The principal is a major decision maker of school, and the teacher is an important performer of school. Both of them are responsible for the success or failure of school effectiveness. This study explored the principal applied in the relationship marketing whether it could help improving the school performance or not. It aimed to explore the influence of principal’s relationship marketing on the organizational trust through a mediating role of teacher’s gratitude and probe if organizational commitment would affect student’s learning achievement through schoolteacher’s teaching quality. The study had a further verification of distal mediating relationship among principal’s relationship marketing, teacher’s gratitude, organizational trust, organizational commitment, schoolteacher’s teaching quality, and student’s learning achievement.

The study took teachers of public and private junior high schools in Kaohsiung city as the research object, and questionnaires were conducted with stratified purposive sampling. A total of 311 valid questionnaires were collected. After the reliability and validity analysis, to understand the relationship between the variables, the structural equation model (SEM) had been used for structural model detection. In addition, to prove the mediating and distal mediating effect, the bootstrap method was applied for verification.

Based on the empirical results, the conclusions of the research are shown as following.
1.Principal’s relationship marketing has a positive impact on teacher’s gratitude.
2.Teacher’s gratitude has a positive impact on organizational trust.
3.Principal’s relationship marketing has a positive impact on organizational trust.
4.Organizational trust has a positive impact on organizational commitment.
5.Organizational commitment to teachers has a positive impact on teaching quality.
6.The quality of teacher’s teaching to students has a positive impact on learning achievement.
7.Organizational commitment to students has a positive impact on learning achievement.
8.Principal’s relationship marketing to teachers can’t have an effect on teaching quality.
9.Teacher’s gratitude in the relationship of principal’s relationship marketing and organizational trust has a mediating effect.
10.The quality of teacher’s teaching in the relationship of organizational commitment and student’s learning achievement has a mediating effect.
11.Teacher’s gratitude and organization trust in the relationship of principal’s relationship marketing and organizational commitment have a distal mediating effect.
12.Organizational commitment and the quality of teacher’s teaching in the relationship of organizational trust and student’s learning achievement have a distal mediating effect.

Finally, from the above conclusions, the study has proposed recommendations for the follow-up researchers to explore for the future research.

目次

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
謝辭 IV
目次 V
表次 VII
圖次 IX
第一章 緒論 1

第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節　研究目的與研究問題 6
第三節 名詞釋義 7
第四節　研究方法與步驟 10
第五節　研究範圍與限制 13

第二章 文獻探討 15

第一節 校長關係行銷意涵與相關研究 15
第二節 教師感恩意涵與相關研究 23
第三節 組織信任意涵與相關研究 29
第四節 組織承諾意涵與相關研究 36
第五節 學校效能意涵與相關研究 42
第六節 假設推導及建立 49

第三章 研究設計與實施 59

第一節 研究架構與研究假設 59
第二節 研究對象與抽樣方法 62
第三節 研究工具與編製過程 65
第四節 預試問卷之實施與分析 75
第五節 正式問卷之資料分析與統計方法 85

第四章 研究結果與討論 89

第一節 研究結果分析之流程 89
第二節 樣本背景資料之分析 90
第三節 正式問卷之信效度分析 96
第四節 構面間整體結構之分析 112
第五節 交叉效度分析 118
第六節 中介效果分析 120
第七節 綜合討論 123

第五章 結論與建議 129

第一節 研究結論 129
第二節 對實務及後續研究之建議 133

參考文獻 137

附錄 一 問卷初稿 152
附錄 二 專家學者之內容效度問卷 156
附錄 三 專家學者之內容效度建議修正表 165
附錄 四 預試問卷 173
附錄 五 正式問卷 177

參考文獻

中文部分
丁學勤、林素吟 (2004)。台灣學者對於關係行銷的研究之分類。國立屏東商業技術學院學報，6，347-372。
丁學勤、陳世杰 (2011)。教師和學校的一致性、組織衝突、關係品質、組織忠誠度與團隊合作之關係研究。教育學術彙刊，3(2)，81-106。
丁學勤、黃亭蓉 (2015)。感激在關係行銷中的角色—以特殊學校為例。中華輔導與諮商學報，43，35-60。
丁學勤、張維文 (2012)。國民小學內部行銷對學校效能的影響—組織開放氣
氛之中介角色與干擾角色。教育行政論壇 (屏東教育大學)，4(2)，1-34。
丁崇寶、吳和堂（2008）。高雄市國小學校評鑑與教學效能關係之研究--以教學實施領域為例。教育行政與評鑑學刊，6，27-48。
王博弘、林清達（2006）。臺灣近二十年來校長領導實徵研究與學校效能關係之探討。花蓮教育大學學報（教育類），22，283-306。
王振洪 （2005）。論學校管理與教師組織承諾間的關係。教育發展研究，1，30-33。
方世榮（譯）(2008)。關係行銷（原作者：Ｊ.Egan）。臺北市:五南圖書。(原
著出版年：2004)。
江志正（2000）。國民小學團體動力、組織學習、學校發展策略與學校效能關係
之研究（未出版之博士論文）。國立高雄師範大學，高雄市。
申艷霞（2014）。劉再復的人生與文學－從《走向人生深處》說起。二十一世紀，144，132-140。
余明助（2006）。組織變革不確定感與員工工作態度關係之研究―以組織溝通
和員工信任為中介變數。人力資源管理學報，6（2），89-110。
沈重宗（2015）。公立國民小學校長領導行為經由影響教師感恩進而提升教師接任或續任行政工作意願之研究（未出版之博士論文）。國立臺南大學，臺南市。
李貞儀（2011）。國民小學校長變革領導、教師組織信任、教師組織公民行為與學校效能關係之研究（未出版之博士論文）。國立中正大學教育研究所，嘉義縣。
李新民、鄭博真、李建宏、張倪禎（2008）。寬恕、感恩與幸福感的潛在關聯。
華醫學報，28，147-176。

李瑞娥（2004）。國民學校終身學習文化、組織學習、組織創新與學校效能關係之研究－學習型學校模型之建構（未出版之博士論文）。國立高雄師範大學，高雄市。

吳明隆、吳彩鳳（2011）。高雄縣國民小學教師工作壓力與組織承諾關係之研究。學校行政雙月刊，73，222-246。
吳明清（2000）。談組織效能之提昇與校長角色。教師天地，46，48-51。
吳師豪、標郁雯（2016）。影響華人企業網路團購再惠顧意願之研究－關係行銷
觀點。商略學報，8(4)，251-270。
吳清基（1995）。教育與行政。臺北市：師大書苑。
余泰魁（2005）。虛擬社群線上行為模式之實證研究－線性結構模式之交叉效度
檢定。交大管理學報，25(1)，67-95。
林志成、田耐青、林仁煥、田育昆（2013）。特色學校經營的理論基礎。載於林志成（主編），特色學校理論、實務與案例 (35-66頁)。臺北市：高等。
林志哲（2010）。大學生感恩特質及其與社會支持、因應型態及幸福感之關係（未出版之博士論文）。國立政治大學，臺北市。
林志哲（2011）。從「感恩」出發－尋找向上提升的力量。教育研究學報，45，1，1-23。
林志興（2009）。國民小學教師組織承諾之研究。學校行政雙月刊，61，58-72。
林家弘（2014）。工作壓力、壓力因應與組織承諾相關研究─以半導體設計業工作者為對象。家庭教育雙月刊，48，64-87。
林純雯（2015）。審議信念、組織承諾對大學生學習動機的影響之研究。嘉大教育研究學刊，35，35-62。
林南宏、鍾怡君（2013）。關係行銷對關係品質及網路忠誠度的影響。電子商務
學報，15(1)，1-33。
林鉦棽（1996）。組織公正、信任、組織公民行為之研究：社會交換理論之觀點。管理科學學報，13(3)，391-415。
林鉦棽（2004）。休閒旅館業從業人員的組織公正、組織信任與組織公民行為關係：社會交換理論觀點的分析。中華管理學報，5(1)，91-112。
林鉦棽、彭台光（2008）。關係人口學與組成人口學觀點下的多樣性研究：跨層次分析。組織與管理，1(2)，61-88。
林鉦棽、蕭淑月、何慧清（2005）。社會交換理論觀點下組織支持、組織知識分享行為與組織公民行為相關因素之研究：以信任與關係為分析切入點。人力資源管理學報，5(1)，77-110。
林晉寬（2001）。團隊成員特質對團隊信任程度之影響。中華管理評論，4(1)，55-66。
林進材（2000）。有效教學─理論與策略。臺北市：五南。
洪廣朋、李文瑞、翁宗志（2002）。廠商間長期合作關係模式之研究――臺灣資
訊電子代工廠商之實證。管理學報，19（5），781-810。
凃棟隆（2013）。國民小學校長轉型領導與教師組織承諾關係之研究－以高雄市為例。學校行政雙月刊，86，43-72。

侯世昌（2002）。國民小學家長教育期望參與學校教育與學校效能之研究(未出
版之博士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
周昌柏（2007）。國小學校組織文化與教師組織承諾之研究。教育行政，49，84-106。
周崇儒（1999）。如何建立良好的親師溝通。教育實習輔導季刊，5（3），1-8。
范熾文（2005）。國小校長轉型領導與教師組織承諾關係之研究。臺中教育大學學報，19（2），1-22。
范熾文、周昌伯（2006）。學校經營需要創新的思維與行動。師友月刊，10，
43-47 。
徐易男（2008）。國民小學公共關係、組織創新經營與學校效能關係之研究（未出版之博士論文）。國立政治大學，臺北市。
徐茂練（2012）。顧客關係管理。新北市：全華圖書。
郭維哲、方聰安（2006）。學校組織公平對教師組織公民行為影響之研究-以信
任及承諾為中介變項。教育經營與管理研究集刊，2，145-179。
陳玫良、李隆盛（2011）。國中自然與生活科技教師課程領導、組織承諾和教學效能關係之研究。科學教育學刊，19，409-434。
陳玲婉（2011）。大學生樂觀、感恩與真實快樂關聯之研究：模式建構與驗證（未出版之博士論文）。國立高雄師範大學，高雄市。
陳信中、 劉玉峯、康正男(2014)。運動贊助與關係行銷整合模式之效益分析。
大專體育學刊，16(1)，14-25。
陳鈞泓（2011）。屏東縣國民小學科技領導、組織學習、創新經營與學校效能關係之研究（未出版之博士論文）。國立屏東教育大學教，屏東縣。
陳詠禎（2016）。國民小學校長領導與教育品質關係之研究─以教師的組織信任為中介變項（未出版之博士論文）。國立高雄師範大學，高雄市。
陳惠文（2011）。國中行銷關係策略對家長滿意度之影響:品牌形象的干擾效益。
學校行政雙月刊，73，103-124。
陳學志、吳相儀、徐芝君、陳馨怡（2008）。揮灑正向的生活素養彩虹：涵養學生的感恩與樂觀情緒。教師天地，157，19-27。
陳龍弘（2009）。感恩與青少年運動員幸福感：中介歷程與調節效果之探討(未出版之博士論文)。國立體育大學，桃園縣。
張坤宏（2015）。國民小學校長科技領導、學校公共關係、組織創新經營與學校
效能關係之研究（未出版之博士論文）。國立屏東大學，屏東縣。
張潤書（1998）。行政學。臺北市：三民。
張慶勳（1996）。學校組織行為。臺北市：五南。
許道然（2002）。公部門組織信任與組織公民行為關係之研究(未出版之博士論
文)。國立政治大學公共行政學系，臺北市。
黃秀霜（1989）。教育行政人員組織承諾之剖析。國教研究雙月刊，6，44-49。
黃俊英（2003）。行銷的世界。臺北市：天下遠見文化事業群。
黃淑娟（2012）。教師組織承諾與教師組織公民行為關係之後設分析。學校行政雙月刊，78，79-95。
黃啟峯（2014）。高雄市國民小學校長人格特質、課程領導、組織創新與學校效
能關係之研究（未出版之博士論文）。國立屏東大學，屏東縣。
黃庭鍾（2013）。技職院校主管領導型態與組織氣候對於行政人員組織承諾之影響。經國學報，30，77-97。
黃建翔、吳清山（2013）。國民中學教師專業發展、專業承諾與教學效能關係之研究--以TEPS資料庫為例。師資培育與教師專業發展期刊，6(2)，117-140。
彭曉瑩（2002）。教育行銷之理論與實務。人文及社會學科教學通訊，13（3），108-119。
曾文鑑（2010）。國民小學校長領導架構取向、教育人員組織認定與學校效能之關係研究（未出版之博士論文）。國立臺北教育大學，臺北市。
葉川榮、謝佳蓁(2013)。淺談學校組織文化中校長與教師權責角色之關係—代理理論的觀點。臺灣教育評論月刊，2(10)，80-87。
葉凱莉、林怡孜(2012年6月)。從關係行銷的觀點探討顧客參與對產品創新的影
響。劉宗哲(主持人)，行銷管理。科技整合管理研討會，私立東吳大學。
楊瑞霞、丁學勤（2014）。高雄市偏鄉小學教師內部行銷與組織承諾關係之研究。教育經營與管理研究集刊，10，93-127。
廖淑伶(譯) （2012）。行銷管理(原作者：Ｇ.Armstrong & P.Kolter)。台北: 普林斯頓。(原著出版年：2011)。
廖宜瑞、陳殷哲（2012）。從職能與組織承諾觀點探討基層主管管理職能之發展。T&D飛訊，150，1-26。
劉春榮（1993）。我國國民小學組織承諾及相關研究。初等教育學刊，2，93-143。
劉雅文（2014）。公立國民小學校長領導行為經由影響教師感恩進而提升教師接任或續任行政工作意願之研究（未出版之博士論文）。國立體育大學，臺北市。
劉峰旭、陳詳衡（2010）。工作滿足對組織承諾影響之研究--以組織衝突為干擾變項。中小企業發展季刊，16，163-181。
蔡金田（2014）。國民小學校長效能與教師效能對學生學習成就之影響。南台人文社會學報，11，69-107。
蔡炳坤（2006）。高中校長領導行為、教師組織承諾與學校組織效能關係之研
究(未出版之博士論文)。國立政治大學教育研究所，臺北市。
蔡進雄 (2000)。國民中學校長轉型領導、互易領導、學校文化與學校效能之研
究（未出版之博士論文）。國立高雄師範大學，高雄市。
鄭崇趁 (2007)。國小超額教師問題解決可行策略之研究。載於何福田等（合著），第 107 期國小主任儲訓班專題研究集（107-136頁）。國家教育研究院。
鄭雅婷 (2013)。淺談特偏地區學校的服務品質與關係行銷策略之運用。創新
與管理，10 (3)，59-75。
潘慧玲（2006）。教育效能與教育革新。載於謝文全等（合著），教育行政學理
論與案例 (69-495 頁）。臺北市：五南。
蘇船利、黃毅志（2011）。教師間氣氛、校長領導風格、教師教學制控信念與教
師工作滿意度關係之研究─以台東縣國民中學為例。屏東教育大學學報-
教育類，36，399－430。
蘇銘勳 (2014)。國民小學校長正向領導與學校效能相關之研究－以教師組織承
諾與學校組織氣氛為中介變項（未出版之博士論文）。國立嘉義大學教育系
研究所，嘉義市。
謝金青（1997）。國民小學學校效能評鑑指標與權重體系之建構（未出版之博士論文）。國立政治大學，臺北市。
謝亞恆（2008）。影響國中階段學生學業成就成長量的個人、家庭及學校因素之研究（未出版之博士論文）。國立高雄師範大學，高雄市。
謝傳崇（2011）。校長正向領導對教師教學影響之研究。教育資料與研究雙月刊。101，59-82。
蕭佳純（2017）。學生學習動機與學業成就關聯之研究：教師創意教學的多層次調節式中介效果。特殊教育研究學刊，42 (1)，79-112。
DOI: 10.6172/BSE.2017.03.4201004


 
英文部分
Aamir A.C., & Finian B. (2009). Linking trust in the principal to school outcomes:
The mediating role of organizational identification and work engagement.
The International Journal of Educational Managem ent, 23(7), 574-589.
Anderson J.C., & Gerbing D.W. (1988). Structural Equation Modeling in practice: a
Review and Recommended Two-Step Approach. Psychological Bulletin,103(3),
411-423.
Anderson, E., & Wettz, B. (1992). The use of pledges to build and sustain commitmentin distribution channels. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(1), 18-34.
Anne, P. H., & Rebecca, M. C. (2005). Motivating factors: Perceptions of justice and
their relationship with managerial and organizational trust. Communication
Studies, 56(1), 47-70.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation for structural equation models.
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16, 74-94.
Bagozzi, R. P. (1995). Reflections on relationship marketing in consumer markets.
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(4), 272-277.
Baker, T. R., Palmer, A. M., & Kerski, J. J. (2009). A national survey to examine teacher professional development and implementation of desktop GIS.
Journal of Geography,108(4), 174-185.
Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in
social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical
considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
Bartlett, M. Y., Condon, P., Cruz, J., Baumann, J., & Desteno, D. (2012). Gratitude:
Prompting behaviours that build relationships. Cognition & Emotion,26(1), 2-13.
Beatty, S. E., Mayer, M., Coleman, J. E., Reynolds, K. E., & Lee, J. K. (1996).
Customer sales associate retail relationship. Journal of Retailing, 72(3), 223-247.
Becker, L. C. (1986). Reciprocity. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace
deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 349.
Bentler, P. M. (1980). Multivariate Analysis with Latent Variables: Causal Modeling.
Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 419-56.
Bentler, P. M. (1995). EQS: Structural equations program manual. Encino, CA:
Multivariate Software, Inc.
Berry, L.L. (1983). Relationship marketing. In L.L. Berry, G.L. Shostack, & G.D. Upah (Eds), Emerging Perspectives of Services Marketing (pp. 25-28). Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association.
Berry, L. L., & Parasuraman, A. (1991). Marketing Services-Competing Through
Quality. New York: The Free Press, Inc.
Blackmore, J. (2004). Quality assurance rather than quality improvement in higher education. British Jouanal of Sociology of Education, 25(3), 383-394.
Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley.
Browne, M. W. & Cudeck, R. (1989). Single sample cross-validation indies for covariance studtures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 18,147-167.
Byrne, B. B. (2010). Structural equation modeling using AMOS. Basic concepts,
applications, and programming (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Campos, J. J. (2006). Prelude to a theme on emotion and gratitude. Journal of
Personality,74(1), 3-7.
Ceaser, J. W. (2011). No thanks to gratitude. Policy Review, 72 (1), 59-73
Cheung, G.W., & Rensvold, R.B. (2002). Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indexes for
Testing Measurement Invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233-255.
Chin, W.W. (1998). Issues and Opinion on Structural Equation Modeling. MIS
Quarterly, 22(1), 7-16.
Contigan, R. D., Ilter, S. S., & Berman, J. (1998). A multi-dimensional study of trust
In Organizations. Journal of Managerial Issue,10, 303-317.
Copulsky, J. R., & Wolf, M. J. (1990). Relationship marketing: positioning for the Future. The Journal of Business Strategy, 11, 16-20.
Crosby, L. A., Evans, K. R., & Cowles, D. (1990). Relationship quality in services
selling: Aninterpersonal influence perspective. Journal of Marketing,54(3),
68-81.
Dachler, H. P., & Hosking, D. M. (1995). The primacy of relations in socially
constructing organizational realities. In D. M. Hosking, H. P. Dachler, & K. J.
Gergen (Eds.), Management and organization: Relational alternatives of
individualism (pp.1- 29). Aldershot: Avebury.
Dawson, S. (1988). Four Motivations for Charitable Giving: Implications for
Marketing Strategy to Attract Monetary Donations for Medical Research.
Journal of Health Care Marketing, 8 (6), 31–37.
Dodgson, M. (1993). Learning, trust, and technological collaboration. Human
Relations, 46, 77-95.
Doll, W. J., Xia, W., & Torkzadeh, G. (1994). A confirmatory factor analysis of the
end-user computing satisfaction instrument. MIS Quarterly, 18 (4), 357–369.
Doll, W. J., Hendrickson, A., & Deng, X. (1998). Using Davis’s perceived usefulness
and ease-of-use instruments for decision making: A confirmatory and
multi-group invariance analysis. Decision Sciences, 29(4), 839-869.
Dunn, J. R., & Schweitzer, M. E. (2005). Feeling and believing: The influence of
emotion on trust. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 88 (2), 736-48.

Dwyer, F. R., Schurr, P. H., & Oh, S. (1987). Developing buyer-seller relationships.
Journal of Marketing, 51(2), 11-27
Emmons, R. A., McCollough, M. E., & Tsang, J. (2003). Positive Psychologist
Assessment. The Assessment of Gratitude. American Psychological Association,32, 327-341.
Emmons, R. A., & Shelton, C. M. (2005). Gratitude and the science of positive psychology. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 459-471). New York: Oxford University Press.
Flores, A. (2010). Principal influence and faculty trust: An analysis of teacher perceptions in Texas middle schools (Unpublished doctoral
Dissertation). The University of Texas, San Antonio.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with
unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing, 60(4), 7-18.
Froh, J. J., Yurkewicz, C., & Kashdan, T. B. (2009). Gratitude and
subjective well-being in early adolescence: Examining gender differences. Journal of Adolescence, 32(3),633-650.
Garbarino, E., & Johnson, M. S. (1999). The different roles of satisfaction, trust, and
commitment in customer relationship. Journal of Marketing, 63(2), 70-87.
Grift, W. J. , & Houtveen, A. A. (2006). Underperformance in primary school. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 17(3), 255-273.
Grusky, D. (1966). Career mobility and organizational commitment. Administrative
Science Quarterly, 10, 488-503.
Gummesson, E. (1987). The new marketing: Developing long term interactive
relationship. Long Range Planning, 20(4), 10-20.
Hair, J. F. Jr., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (2009). Multivariate dataanalysis (7th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hancock, G. R., & Nevitt, J. (1999). Bootstrapping and the identification of
Exogenous latent variables within structural equation models. Structural
Equation Modeling, 6,394-399.
Harris, A. (2003). Teacher leadership as distributed leadership: Heresy, fantasy, or possibility. School Leadership & Management, 23 (3), 313-324.
Hitt, M. A., Middlemist, R. D., & Mathis, R. L. (1983). Management: Concepts and
effective practice. Saint Paul, MN: West.
Homans, G. C.(1958). Social behavior as exchange. The American Journal of
Sociology, 3 (4),597-606.


Howells, K., Stafford, K., Guijt, R., & Breadmore, M. (2017). The Role of Gratitude in Enhancing the Relationship between Doctoral Research Students and Their Supervisors. Teaching in Higher Education, 22(6 ), 621-638.
Hoy, W. K., & Ferguson, J.(1989). A theoretical framework and exploration of
organizational effectiveness of schools. In J. L. Burdin (Eds.),
School Leadership (pp.259-274). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2006). Educational administration: Theory, research,
And practice (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Hoyle, R. H., & Panter, A. T. (1995). Writing about structural Equation models. In
R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and
Applications (pp.158-176). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hrebiniak, L.G., & Alutto, J. A. (1972). Personal and role-relate factors in the
development of organizational commitment. Administrative Sciences Quarterly,
17, 555-573.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance
structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural
Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
Huff, L., & Kelley, L. (2003). Levels of organizational trust in individualist versus
collectivist societies: A seven-nation study. Organizational Science, 14 (1), 81-90.
Humphreys, P. (2003). Mathematical modeling in the social sciences. In S. P. Turner
and P. A. Roth (Eds.), The Blackwell guide to the philosophy of the social
sciences (pp.166-184). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Hysong, S. J., Sawhney, M. K., Wilson, L., Sittig, D. F., Esquivel, A., Watford, M.,
Davis, T.,Espadas, D., & Singh, H. (2009). Improving outpatient
safety through effective electronic communication: A study protocol.
Implementation Science, 62(4), 251−265.
Johnson, A. (2010). The relationships among middle school student and staff
perceptions of school effectiveness and student achievement(Unpublished
doctoral dissertation). University of North Florida, North Carolina.
Jones, G. R., & Geroge, J. M. (1998). The experience and evolution of trust:
Implicationfor cooperation and teamwork. Academy of Management Review,
23(3), 531-546.
Joreskog, K. G., & Sorbom, D. (1992). LISREL 6: Analysis of linear structural
relationships by the method of maximum likelihood (3th ed.). Chicago: Scientific Software International, Inc.
Joseph, A. (2005). World class schools: International perspectives on school
effectiveness.The Journal of Educational Thought, 39(2), 217-222.

Kanter, M. (1968). Work values and job rewards: A theory of job satisfaction.
American Sociological Review, 42, 124-143.
Kaplan, J. (2015). The gratitude diaries: How a year of living gratefully changed
my life. Southampton, U.K.: Yellow Kite.
Kline, R. B. (2005), Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New
York: Guilford.
Kotler, P. (1992). Marketing’s new paradigm: what’s really happening out three. Planning Review, 20, 51-52.
Kotler, P. (1996). An Asian Perspective, Marketing Management. NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Kolter, P. (1999). Marketing Management, Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control (7th ed.). NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2009). Marketing management (13th ed.). New
Jersey:Person Education, Inc.
Kotler, P. (2011). Reinventing marketing to manage the environmental imperative.
Journal of Marketing,75(4), 132-135.
Kushman, J.W. (1992). The organizational dynamics of teacher workplace
commitment: A study of urban elementary and middle schools.
Educational Administration Quarterly, 28(1), 5-42.
Leech, L. N. Barret, K. C. G., & Morgan A. (2005). SPSS for Intermediate Statistics: Use and Interpretation (2th ed.). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Lois, O.,Chaeles, C., & Graham, K.(1991). New strategies for prestest survey questions. Joural of Official Statistics,7(3),349-365.
Louis, K. S., & Murphy, J. (2017). Trust, caring and organizational learning: the leader's role. Journal of Educational Administration, 55(1), 103-126.
Lovell, C.W. (2010). Principal efficacy: An investigation of school principals' sense of
efficacy and indicators of school effectiveness(Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Southern Mississippi, Mississippi.
MacCallum, R. C., & Hong, S. (1997). Power analysis in covariance structure
modeling using GFI and AGFI. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32, 193-210.
MacCallum, R.C., Browne, M.W., & Sugawara, H.M. (1996). Power analysis and
determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological
Methods, 1(2), 130-149.
MacKinnon, D. P. (2008). Introduction to statistical mediation analysis. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Marcoulides, G. A. (1998). Modern methods for business research. Mahwah, NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Marsh, H. W., Wen, Z., & Hau, K. (2006). Structural equation models of latent
interaction and quadratic effects. In G. A. Hancock and R. E. Mueller (Eds.),
Structural Equation Modeling: A Second Course (pp. 235-251). Mahwah, NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of Organiza-tional trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709-734.
Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Gellatly, I. R. (1990). Affective and continuance
commitment to organization: Evaluation of measures and analysis of concurrent
and time-lagged relations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 711-720.
McAllister, D. J. (1995). Affect and cognition based trust as foundations for
inter personal cooperation in organizations. Academy of Management Journal,
38, 24-59.
McCullough, M. E., & Emmons, R. A. (2003). Counting Blessings Versus Burdens: An Experimental Investigation of Gratitude and Subjective Well-being in Daily Life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,84, 377-389.
McCullough, M. E., Kimeldorf, M.B., & Cohen, A. D. (2008). An adaptation for
altruism? The social causes, social effects, and social evolution of
gratitude. Association for Psychological Science , 17(4), 281- 285.
Meyer, F., Deidre M., & Robinson, M.J. (2017). How leaders communicate their vulnerability: implications for trust building. The International Journal of Educational Management, 31(2), 221-235.
Mohr, J. J., Fisher, R. J., & Nevin, J. R. (1996). Collaborative communication in
interfirmrelationships: Moderating effects of integration and control.
Journal of Marketing, 60(3),103-115.
Moorman, C., Zaltman, G., & Deshpande, R. (1992). Relationships between providers
and users of market research: The dynamic of trust within and between
organizations. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(3), 314-328.
Morales, A. C. (2005). Giving Firms an ‘E’ for Effort: Consumer Responses to
High-Effort Firms. Journal of Consumer Research, 31 (3), 806–812.
Morgan, N. A. (1990). Implementing marketing: Key issues for professional service firms. Journal of Professional Services Marketing, 6(1), 7-16.
Morgan, R.M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The commitment-trust theory of relationship
marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20-38.
Morley, L., & Rassool, N. (1999). School effectiveness: Fracturing the discourse.
London:Falmer.
Mortimore, P. (1987). School examination results in ILEA. London: Inner London
Education Authority.
Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W., & Steers, R.M. (1982). Employee organization linkages:
The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. NY: Academic Press.
Nyhan, R.C., & Marlowe, H. A. (1997). The psychometric properties of the
organization altrust inventory. Evaluation Review, 21, 614-635.
Rajnandini, P., Schriesheim, C. A., & Williams, E. S. (1999). Fairness perceptions and
trust transformational and transactional leadership: A two-sample study. Journal
of Management,25(6), 897-933.
Rasual, T. (2017). Relationship marketing and the marketing productivity paradigm.
The Journal of Developing Areas,51(1),423-430.
Rockoff, M., & Jonah, C. (2004). The impact of individual teachers: Evidences from
panel data. American Economic Review, 94(2), 247-252.
Rousseau, D. M., Sitkin, S. B., Burt, R. S., & Camerer, C. (1998). Not so different
after all: A cross-discipline view of trust. Academy of Management Review
, 23(3), 393- 404.
Palmatier, R. W., Dant, R. P., Grewal, D., & Evans, K. R. (2006). Factors influencing
the effectiveness of relationship marketing: A meta-analysis.
Joural of Marketing, 70(4),136-153.
Palmatier, R. W., Jarvis, C. B., Bechkoff, J. R., & Kardes, F. R. (2009). The role of
customer gratitude in relationship marketing. Joural of Marketing, 73(5), 1-18.
Pang, I. W., & Watkins, D. (2000). Towards a psychological model of
teacher-parent communication in Hong Kong primary schools.
Educational Studies, 26(2), 141-163.
Payne, A. (1995). Advances in Relationship Marketing. London:Kogan Page, Inc.
Petersen, K. (2010). Collective efficacy and faculty trust: A study of social processes
in schools(Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The University of Texas,
San Antonio.
Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbookand classification. New York: Oxford University Press.
Ping Jr. R. A. (2004). On assuring valid measures for theoretical models using survey data. Journal of Business Research,57,125-141.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Williams, M. L. (1990).
Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on follows truth in leader,
satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership Quarterly, 1,
107-142.
Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., & Boulian, P. V. (1974). Organizational
commitment, job satisfaction and turnover among psychiatric technicians.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 59, 603-609.

Prince-Paul, M. (2008). Understanding the meaning of social well-being at the end
of life.Oncology Nursing Forum, 35(3), 365-371.
Pytel, C., & Fielden, N. M. (2009). Nurse-patient/visitor communication in the
emergency department. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 35(5), 406-411.
Reichers, A. E. (1985). A review and reconceptualization of organizational
commitment. Academy of Management Review, 10, 465-476.
Reyes, P. (1990). Teachers and their workplace: Commitment, performance, and
Productivity.California: Sage, Inc.
Reynolds, K. E., & Beatty, S. E. (1999). Customer benefits and company
consequences of customer-salesperson relationships in retailing.
Journal of Retailing, 75(1), 11- 32.
Rotter, J. B. (1980). Interpersonal trust, trustworthiness, and qullibility.
American Psychology, 35, 1-7.
Sambrook, S. (2009). Critical HRD: A concept analysis. Personnel Review, 38(1), 61-73.
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax R. G. (2004). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling (2th ed.). NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Schwartz, B. (1967). The Social Psychology of the Gift. American Journal of
Sociology, 73 (7), 1–11.
Senge, P. (1997). Sharing knowledge. Executive Excellence, 14 (11), 17-18.
Senior, C., Fearon, C., Mclaughlin, H., & Manalsuren, S. (2017). How might your staff react to news of an institutional merger? A psychological contract approach.
The International Journal of Educational Management, 31(3), 364-382.
Senior, K. (2010). School effectiveness, teacher behavior, and student achievement in
ruralelementary schools of South Carolina(Unpublished doctoral dissertation).
University of South Carolina State, Carolina.
Seyfarth, J. (1999). The principal: New leadership for new challenges. Columbus,
OH: Merrill Lynch, Inc.
Shaw, R. B. (1997). Trust in the balance: Building successful organizations on results,
integrity, and concern. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Inc
Sheehan, J. M. (1995). Trust as related to school reform, specifically site-based
management(Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Marquette University,
Wisconsin.
Sheppard, B., & Sherman, D. (1998). The grammars of trust: A model and
general implications. The Academy of Management Review, 23 (3), 422-437.
Simpson, J. T., & Mayo, D. T. (1997). Relationship management: A call for fewer
influence attempts. Journal of Business Research, 39, 209-218.

Sivadas, E., & Dwyer, F.R (2000). An Examination of Organisational Factors
Influencing Success in Internal and Alliance-Based Processes.
Journal of Marketing, 64(1), 31-49.
So, S. L. M., & Speece, M. W. (2000). Perception of relationship marketing among account managers of commercial banks in a Chinese environment. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 18(7), 315-327.
Soscia, I. (2007). Gratitude, delight, or guilt: The role of consumers’ emotions in
predicting postconsumption behaviors. Psychology & Marketing, 24(10),
871-894.
Staw, B. M. (1977). The escalation of commitment to a course of zction. Academy of Management Review, 6(4), 577-587.
Steers, R. M. (1977). Antecedents and outcome of organizational commitment.
Administrative Science Quarterly, 22, 46-56.
Stevens, J. M., Beyer, J. M., & Trice, H. M. (1978). Assessing personal, role and
organizational predictors of managerial commitment. Academy of Management
Journal,21(3), 380-396.
Sun, J. (2015). Conceptualizing the critical path linked by teacher commitment. Journal of Educational Administration, 53(5), 597-624.
Taleghani, T., Gilaninia, S. & Mousavian, S. J. (2011). The role of relationship
marketing in customer orientation process in the banking industry with focus on Loyalty. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(19), 155-166.
Ting, Shueh-Chin, & Yeh, Liang-Yin (2014). Teacher loyalty of elementary schools
in Taiwan: The contribution of gratitude and relationship quality. School
Leadership & Management, 34(1), 85-101.
Torkzadeh, G., Koufteros, X., & Pflughoeft, K. (2003). Confirmatory analysis of
computer self-efficacy. Structural Equation Modeling, 10(2), 263-275.
Tyler, T. R., & Degoey, P. (1996). Trust in organizational authorities: The influence of
motive attributions on willingness to accept decisions. In R. M. Kramer & T. R.
Tyler (Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of and theory and research
(pp.331-356). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Van Maele, D. & Van Houtte, M. (2012). The social dimension of teaching: Trust and teachers’ efficacy beliefs. Educational Studies, 22, 301-319.
Waters, L., & Stokes, H. (2015). Positive Education for School Leaders: Exploring the Effects of Emotion-Gratitude and Action-Gratitude. Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 32(1) ,1-22.



Whitener, E. M., Brodt, S. E., Korsgaard, M. A., & Werner, J. M. (1998). Managers
as Initiators of trust: An exchange relationship framework for understanding
managerial trustworthy behavior. Academy of Management Review, 23(3),
513-530.
Whyte, W. H. (1956). The organization man. NY: Simon and Schuster, Inc.
Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational
commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and
inrole behaviors. Journal of Management, 17, 601-617.
Wilson, D. T. (1995). An integrated model of buyer-seller relationships. Journal of
the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(4), 335-345.
Wolfendale, S., & Bastiani, J. (2000). The contribution of parents to school
effectiveness.London: David Fulton, Inc.
Wood, A. M., Joseph, S., & Maltby, J. (2008). Gratitude uniquely predicts satisfaction with life: Incremental validity above the domains and facets of the five
factor model. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(1), 49-54
Young, L. (2006). Trust: Looking Forward and back. Journal of Business &
Industrial Marketing,21(7), 439-445.
Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L., & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The behavioral consequences of service quality. Journal of Marketing, 60(2), 31-46.
Zucker, L. G. (1986). Production of trust: Institutional sources of economic structure,
1840-1920. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational
behavior (pp.53-112). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.