臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

紅棕土礫石之性質與岩石或土壤完全不同，紅棕土礫石背填土之擋土牆或隧道上之動態與靜態側向土壓力之研究，對於多數重大工程而言，確實是十分迫切的。
本論文利用高品質的土壓槽中之剛性擋土牆與隧道斷面，配合本校自行研發之電動式地震模擬試驗台，進行動態的與靜態的側向靜止土壓力之探討。當中牆背土係採用三種不同礫石含量之紅棕土礫石，而外力之施加除了在牆背土壤表面施加靜載重外，動力之施加則經由地震模擬試驗台之制動器，以電腦控制方式自動施加集集、阪神及EL-Centro等地震力，並分別在剛性擋土牆或隧道斷面上三個不同位置觀測側向靜止土壓力隨時間之變化關係。
研究結果顯示：（1）礫石含量高之紅棕土礫石層作用在剛性擋土牆或隧道斷面上之靜態的靜止側向土壓力有較大的傾向；(2)剛性擋土牆或隧道斷面上之動態的靜止側向土壓力均能夠具體地隨地震力之變化而變化；（3）無論礫石含量多寡，紅棕土礫石背填土之剛性擋土牆或隧道斷面在完工後之首次大地震作用下，靜止側向土壓力均有急遽下降之趨勢；（4）地震期間，剛性擋土牆或隧道斷面之動態靜止側向土壓力之變化乃由擋土牆或隧道與背填土之加速度間之差額所引起。

It is well known that properties of lateritic gravels are totally different from those of rocks or soils. For many important engineering projects, when lateritic gravels are taken as backfill materials, it is eargent that both dynamic and static lateral earth pressures are to be studied.
In this thesis, a high quality earth pressure tank with a rigid retaining wall or a tunnel section is utilized to perform laboratory tests. In order to run dynamic tests, a shaking table with electrical power system was designed and assembled in Feng-Chia university for the first time in the world. Then, both dynamic and static lateral earth pressures on the rigid wall or the tunnel section can be studied individually. For this specific study, backfill materials with three different gravel contents are considered. Besides static loads applied directly on the top surface of the backfill, dynamic loads are induced through the actuators of the shaking table. With the help of computer, three different types of earthquake loads, including Chi-Chi earthquake, Kobe earthquake, and EL-Centro earthquake, are applied automatically and sequentially. At the same time, lateral earth pressures on the rigid wall or the tunnel section at three different locations are measured simultaneously with the time goes.
Results from this thesis show that (1) The static lateral earth pressure at rest conditions on the rigid retaining wall or the tunnel section is greater when the backfill has high gravel content; (2) The dynamic lateral earth pressure at rest conditions on the rigid retaining wall or the tunnel section may response exactly with the application of earthquake loads; (3) At the initial stage after applying the earthquake loads for the first time after finishing construction work, the lateral earth pressure at rest conditions on the rigid retaining wall or the tunnel section will be decreased in spite of the influence of gravel content; (4) During the period of an earthquake, the change of dynamic lateral earth pressure at rest conditions on the rigid retaining wall or the tunnel section are caused by the difference of acceleration between the wall or the tunnel and the backfill materials.

中文摘要..............................................Ⅱ
英文摘要..............................................Ⅲ
目錄..................................................V
表目錄................................................IX
圖目錄................................................XI
照片目錄..............................................XV
第一章緒論.........................................1
1-1 前言............................................1
1-2 研究主旨........................................1
1-3 研究步驟........................................2
第二章文獻回顧.....................................3
2-1 靜態土壓之相關研究................................ 3
2-1-1 Terzaghi的楔形側向土壓力理論..............3
2-1-2 Sherif之剛性擋土牆靜止與主動土壓力........4
2-1-3 黃景川和周育慶之剛性擋土牆靜止與主動土壓力研究...5
2-1-4 Jaky之靜止土壓力係數研究.........................6
2-1-5 Schmidt和Alpan之靜止土壓力係數研究...............7
2-1-6 Mayne和Kulhawy之靜止土壓力係數研究...............8
2-1-7許澤善和陳君源之靜止土壓力係數研究................9
2-1-8 許澤善和郭東陽之靜止側向土壓力研究...............9
2-1-9許澤善和盧耿逸之剛性擋土牆土壓力分佈與剪力帶型式之探討.....................................................10
2-2 動態土壓之相關研究11
2-2-1 Das與Puri之擋土牆動態與靜態土壓研究..............11
2-2-2 Mander M. Dewoolkar與Hon-Yim Ko之擋土牆動態與靜態土壓研究.....................................................12
2-2-3 Jian-Min Zhang等人之擋土牆動態與靜態土壓研究.....................................................13
2-3洪如江之紅土礫石台地之風化與侵蝕研究................14
第三章 研究內容....................................15
3-1 試驗儀器........................................15
3-1-1剛性擋土牆與隧道側壁試驗設備..............15
3-1-2 地震模擬試驗台............................16
3-2 牆背土層之紅棕土礫石及其基本物理性質............18
3-2-1 紅棕土之基本物理性質......................18
3-2-2 牆背土層之性質............................18
3-3 試驗步驟........................................19
3-3-1 靜態擋土牆側向土壓力試驗..................20
3-3-2 靜態隧道側壁土壓力試驗....................21
3-3-3 動態擋土牆側向土壓力試驗..................22
3-3-4 動態隧道側壁土壓力試驗....................23
3-4 研究試驗項目....................................24
3-4-1 靜態擋土牆側向土壓力試驗..................25
3-4-2 靜態隧道側壁土壓力試驗....................25
3-4-3 動態擋土牆側向土壓力模擬試驗..............25
3-4-4 動態隧道側壁土壓力試驗....................26
第四章試驗結果與討論...............................27
4-1 靜態擋土牆側向土壓力試驗之試驗結果.............27
4-1-1 牆背土層為礫石含量60％之紅棕土礫石層之剛性擋土牆上靜止側向土壓力分佈之重現性試驗結果............................27
4-1-2 牆背土層為礫石含量80％之紅棕土礫石層之剛性擋土牆上靜止側向土壓力分佈之重現性試驗結果............................29
4-1-3 牆背土層為礫石含量100％之紅棕土礫石層之剛性擋土牆上靜止側向土壓力分佈之重現性試驗結果...........................30
4-2 靜態隧道側壁土壓力試驗之試驗結果................32
4-2-1 牆背土層為礫石含量60％之紅棕土礫石層作用在隧道側壁上之土壓力隨施加之垂直壓力之變化的結果.........................33
4-2-2 牆背土層為礫石含量80％之紅棕土礫石層作用在隧道側壁上之土壓力隨施加之垂直壓力之變化的結果.........................34
4-2-3 牆背土層為礫石含量100％之紅棕土礫石層作用在隧道側壁上之土壓力隨施加之垂直壓力之變化的結果....................35
4-2-4 牆背土層礫石含量對隧道側壁上之土壓力的影響36
4-3 動態擋土牆側向土壓力試驗之試驗結果..............36
4-3-1 牆背土層為礫石含量80％之紅棕土礫石層在地震下所得剛性擋土牆上側向土壓力........................................37
4-3-2 牆背土層為礫石含量100％之紅棕土礫石層在地震下所得剛性擋土牆上側向土壓力............40
4-4 動態隧道側壁土壓力試驗............................43
4-4-1 牆背土層為礫石含量80％之紅棕土礫石層在地震下所得隧道側壁上側向土壓力.........................................44
4-4-2 牆背土層為礫石含量100％之礫石層在地震下所得隧道側壁上側向土壓力.........................................47
4-4-3 試驗土樣之土壓力在地震力下的反應..........50
4-4-4土壓計位置對地震力放大效應的影響..........51
4-4-5 礫石含量對地震力放大效應的影響............54
4-4-6 地震前後土壓力的比較......................54
第五章結論.........................................56
參考文獻..............................................59

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