臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討不同構圖所引起的感性反應，藉設計領域中的感性工學方法，分析構圖的感性語意效果。以語意認知實驗模式進行，有三項主要步驟，分別為選擇感性語意尺度、製作構圖範例測試圖片、構圖之感性語意評估實驗。由攝影相關的形容詞組選出代表性之雙極形容詞，五組形容詞為(1)隨性的－莊嚴的、(2)協調的－失調的、(3)正面的－負面的、(4)動態的－靜態的、(5)愉悅的－哀傷的。研究結果
發現：1.以場景中物件擺放位置不同，所產生的各個構圖，對受測者在感性語意的判斷上，有顯著影響。如：物件放置在正中間，會引起較為莊嚴的效果、物件放置在圖片上方則是具有較為失調的印象；2.物件本身的屬性，也會顯著影響受測者的感性反應，如：實驗物件中，手機與杯子（人造物）這兩項物件，會引發偏隨性的及愉悅的感受，花（非人造物）這項物件，則會引發較為莊嚴及哀傷的感受；3.攝影經驗也會對於構圖的部份感性語意判斷產生顯著影響。研究結果應用於發展構圖修改時之感性語意引導機制，譬如，使用者在修改構圖的過程中，將物件位置資料輸入於迴歸模型後，可參考感性語意評價，輔助使用者對影像內容的修改任務。未來如能結合物件辨識及影像內容編輯技術，便可能建立一整合性之自動化修改構圖方法。

This dissertation presents a Kansei-based affective study on photographic compositions. It investigates how a viewer responds affectively to a series of images with different compositions. From over a hundred adjectives collected from photography and design literatures, five representative pairs of bi-polar adjectives were selected through a KJ-sorting session with 3 experienced photographers.The selected pairs of adjectives are: Casual-Regular, Harmonic-Inharmonic, Positive-Negative, Dynamic-Static, and Pleasant-Melancholy. The variation of composition is achieved by changing the positions of the objects in focuses according to one common composition rule - The Rule of Thirds. This results in a total of 30 images. We then recruited 60 participants (male:26, female:34,age:18~37) to rate the images with the 7-point Likert scale attached to each pair of adjectives. After the experiment, each participant was also requested to fill out a questionnaire surveying his/her demographic profile and photography experiences. The results show that the different placements of the objects in the images (i.e. different compositions) do invoke significantly different levels of affective responses. The outcome of this study provides the semantic guidelines to support casual digital photographers on composition editing tasks.

目錄
指導教授推薦書
口試委員會審定書
誌謝 ................................................................................iii
中文摘要 .............................................................................iv
英文摘要 .............................................................................v
目錄 ................................................................................vi
圖目錄 ...............................................................................viii
表目錄 ...............................................................................x
第一章 緒論 .................................................................... - 1 -
1.1 研究背景及動機 ............................................................... - 1 -
1.2 研究目的與研究假設 ........................................................... - 5 -
1.3 研究流程...................................................................... - 6 -
第二章 文獻探討 .................................................................. - 7 -
2.1 視覺.......................................................................... - 7 -
2.2 視空間知覺 ................................................................... - 10 -
2.3 構圖的定義 ................................................................... - 17 -
2.4 平面構圖法則 ................................................................. - 19 -
2.5 影像構圖編輯 ................................................................. - 23 -
2.6 感性工學 ..................................................................... - 26 -
第三章 研究方法 ................................................................. - 29 -
3.1 研究步驟 ..................................................................... - 29 -
3.1.1 選擇感性語意尺度 ........................................................... - 29 -
3.1.2 製作構圖範例測試圖片 ....................................................... - 31 -
3.1.3 構圖之感性語意評估實驗 ..................................................... - 32 -
3.1.4 試作” 感性語意回饋之構圖介面”............................................ - 32 -
3.2 樣本選取 ..................................................................... - 33 -
3.3 研究工具 ..................................................................... - 33 -
3.3.1 問卷設計 .................................................................... - 33 -
3.4 實驗結果分析方法 ............................................................. - 34 -
3.4.1 單因子變異數分析 ........................................................... - 34 -
3.4.2 線性迴歸模型－物件位置為例 ................................................. - 34 -
第四章 結果與討論 ............................................................... - 35 -
4.1 主要因素 ..................................................................... - 35 -
4.1.1 物件位置在構圖形容詞選擇偏好之相關探討 ..................................... - 35 -
4.1.2 物件種類在構圖形容詞選擇偏好之相關探討 ..................................... - 42 -
4.2 其它因素 ..................................................................... - 50 -
4.2.1 攝影經驗在構圖形容詞選擇偏好之相關探討 ...................................... - 50 -
4.2.2 性別在構圖形容詞選擇偏好之相關探討 ......................................... - 54 -
4.3 線性迴歸模型－物件位置為例 ................................................... - 59 -
第五章 結論與建議 ............................................................... - 70 -
5.1 結論 ......................................................................... - 70 -
5.2 後續研究建議 ................................................................. - 74 -
中文文獻 .......................................................................... - 75 -
英文文獻 .......................................................................... - 76 -
附錄 .............................................................................. - 80 -
(附件一)構圖之感性語意評估問卷..................................................... - 80 -
圖目錄
圖 1-1 鏡頭聚焦不同所產生之構圖影響(Präkel, 2006)..................................- 2 -
圖 1-2 構圖型式造成不同的視覺焦點(Präkel, 2006)....................................- 2 -
圖 1-3 Adobe Photoshop 自動調整影像功能.............................................- 3 -
圖 1-4 研究流程圖..................................................................- 6 -
圖 2-1 電磁光譜....................................................................- 7 -
圖 2-2 眼球的解剖圖................................................................- 8 -
圖 2-3 天使報喜圖(Sider, 2007)....................................................- 12 -
圖 2-4 雙眼視差與雙眼聚合.........................................................- 13 -
圖 2-5 完形法則(Köhler, 1929).....................................................- 14 -
圖 2-6 依據黃金比例原則建立之平面構圖佈局.........................................- 19 -
圖 2-7 三分點構圖.................................................................- 20 -
圖 2-8 三分構圖...................................................................- 21 -
圖 2-9 內田式構圖分類(內田廣由紀, 2010)...........................................- 22 -
圖 2-10 人接收物件資訊之流程(飯田健夫, 1995)......................................- 26 -
圖 3-1 問卷局部擷取圖.............................................................- 34 -
圖 4-1 隨性－莊嚴.................................................................- 37 -
圖 4-2 協調－失調.................................................................- 38 -
圖 4-3 正面－負面.................................................................- 39 -
圖 4-4 動態－靜態.................................................................- 40 -
圖 4-5 物件位置在構圖形容詞選擇偏好之圖例.........................................- 41 -
圖 4-6 隨性－莊嚴.................................................................- 44 -
圖 4-7 協調－失調.................................................................- 45 -
圖 4-8 正面－負面.................................................................- 46 -
圖 4-9 動態－靜態.................................................................- 47 -
圖 4-10 愉悅－哀傷................................................................- 48 -
圖 4-11 物件種類在構圖形容詞選擇偏好之圖例........................................- 49 -
圖 4-12 動態－靜態................................................................- 52 -
圖 4-13 愉悅－哀傷................................................................- 53 -
圖 4-14 隨性－莊嚴................................................................- 56 -
圖 4-15 協調－失調................................................................- 57 -
圖 4-16 動態－靜態................................................................- 58 -
圖 4-17 本研究三分點構圖交點之 x、y 值............................................- 60 -
圖 4-18 模擬原型及使用情境........................................................- 63 -
圖 4-19 Polar area charts 各向度說明圖.............................................- 64 -
圖 5-1 Henri Cartier-Bresson 攝影作品..............................................- 71 -
圖 5-2 蜷川実花攝影作品(蜷川実花).................................................- 71 -
表目錄
表 2-1 視知覺的完形法則............................................................- 15 -
表 3-1 問卷施測圖片...............................................................- 31 -
表 4-1 ANOVA 分析五組形容詞組，根據三分點構圖交點，不同的放置位置是否有顯著性差異.- 36 -
表 4-2 ANOVA 分析五組形容詞組，根據三分點構圖交點，放置不同的物件是否有顯著性差異.- 43 -
表 4-3 根據受測者不同的攝影經驗，ANOVA 分析五組形容詞組是否有顯著性差異...........- 51 -
表 4-4 根據受測者的性別，ANOVA 分析五組形容詞組是否有顯著性差異...................- 55 -
表 4-5 五組形容詞的線性迴歸模型...................................................- 61 -
表 4-6 範例圖片及說明、Polar area charts..........................................- 65 -

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