臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文之主要目的在於探討如何設計一個地景生態取向的城市規劃研究。有關「都市永續發展」或者「生態城市規劃」的觀念，概念模糊且具爭論性。本研究首先在生態取向城市規劃理論的光譜中，藉由鋪陳兩個生態規劃理論發展的線索，包括「規劃論述走向生態與永續發展取向」以及「生態學思維向都市及空間化的方向移動」，以定位自己的理論位置並選擇所採取的研究方法，並論證生態取向規劃理論的應用，需面對當代都會區環境空間走向「第二自然空間」，城市與自然已密切交織且無法斷然分割的空間現實。從設計一個具體的經驗研究著手，本論文應用數位化地圖資料及GIS工具，以基隆河流域1980-2000的空間過程及規劃，作為主要的研究對象。從一個都市發展密度已經相當高的河谷作為空間軸的地理範圍，以約莫一個人類世代的二十年左右作為的時間軸的變遷範圍，同時分析其地景、水文以及都市變遷的過程，探討催動這個空間過程的作用力、地景空間形式的變化及其生態影響。本研究以地景生態指標來測度基隆河流域河谷段的土地嵌合體空間形式變化，發現包括10公頃以上大型森林斑塊數量、城市及自然斑塊形式與地景分異化等幾項地景生態指標與水文系統的變化具有高度的相關性。並進一步論證，基隆河河谷段的都市發展對於土地嵌合體的擾動持續了約十年左右，逐漸改變水文系統的性質，終於超越了系統的極限門檻值，使水文系統產生不可回復或難以回復的變化。極限門檻值的論證提供了規劃介入的時間空間策略，由於各項地景生態指標均提供量化的改變以及空間形式變化的訊息，使得適時適地的規劃介入，可避免土地嵌合體受到超限利用或過度擾動，並引導都會區的空間發展及地景回復過程。本論文在最後強調一種「都市化的生態學」(ecology for urbanization)的研究意圖。基隆河流域經驗研究的設計，即嘗試為這種新的生態取向城市規劃研究勾勒出一種可操作的研究方法。

The purpose of the dissertation is to design an urban planning research based on landscape ecological approach. Facing the vagueness of the current debate about "sustainable urban development" or "ecological city planning", a spectrum of ecology-oriented planning discourses is delineated by two theoretical trajectories. One the one hand, more planning theories and practices are shifting their focuses to ecological and sustainable issues; on the other hand, many ecological studies are beginning to emphasize spatial analysis and redirect their attention from natural areas to more human-disturbed areas. The dissertation argues that because more areas are becoming human-impacted or even human-made nature, ecology has to face the almost entirely human induced "second nature". Based on digital geographic data and GIS tools, an empirical study is designed to show the spatial process of Taipei''s Keelung river basin in 1980 to 2000. The scope of the research extends across a kilometers-wide region and over 20 years, which is about intensive environmental transformations over a time period roughly equal to one human generation. A holistic perspective is adopted here by integrating the three processes: urban development disturbance, land mosaic change and its hydrological effect. Using landscape ecological indices as the major mediator, the research verifies that some landscape ecological indices are highly correlated to the hydrological effects, including 10 hectare and larger forest patch numbers, indices of city form, indices of natural shape and indices of landscape heterogeneity. Furthermore, the data show that hydrological system has changed dramatically after 10 years of urban disturbance. It is argued that there exists a threshold point in the natural system. When the magnitude of urban development goes beyond that limit, the original hydrological system became "irreversible" or "less reversible". The evidence of the threshold point indicates the possibility for planning intervention at strategic timings and spatial locations. The quantitative and spatial information by landscape ecological indices and GIS visualization provides the basis for planning a more adequate development pattern and process of landscape recovery. Finally, a new approach of "ecology for urbanization" is showed more operational and plausible in this case study.

封面
壹 研究問題
1.1 本論文之研究問題
1.2 研究架構
貳 理論時勢　
2.1 全球環境議題及永續性的迷思
2.2 當代都會區空間做為「第二自然空間」
2.2.1 全球人口的都市化與都會區蔓延　　
2.2.2 城市生態足跡的全球化
2.2.3 地景碎裂化與第二自然空間
2.3 生態取向規劃論述的發展脈絡
參 生態取向規劃論述
3.1 規劃論述走向生態與永續發展取向　　
3.1.1 二十世紀規劃史的歷史遺產
3.1.2 規劃的歷史考掘：1900年代「自然引入城市」的的規劃觀念及之後的發展
3.1.3 疊圖城市：1960年代以後的環境科學與生態規劃方法發展
3.1.4 九○年代以後的生態都市主義論述風潮
3.2 生態學思維向都市及空間化的方向移動　
3.2.1 生態系統論的思維及其轉變
3.2.2 生態系統論的都市研究　　
3.2.3 生態系統論的工業研究　　
3.2.4 生態學的空間化及可能的研究出路　　
肆 基隆河流域之空間過程
4.1 研究設計：試提整合水文、地景及都市變遷之研究架構
4.1.1 都市發展過程與自然環境變遷的整合
4.1.2 土地嵌合體結構及變遷理論
4.1.3 嵌合體變遷的研究設計　　
4.1.4 地景生態指標的選擇與效度
4.2 研究方法及程序
4.2.1 資料選擇及資料品質　　　
4.2.2 地理資訊系統應用的技術條件及限制　　　
4.2.3 空間資料處理過程產生的誤差或影響　　　
4.3 基隆河流域土地嵌合體的變遷、動力與效應　
4.3.1 空間單元之區劃與地景階層　
4.3.2 斑塊的數量改變及分佈　　　
4.3.3 廊道及網絡的連接性程度　　
4.3.4 自然斑塊與城市斑塊形式變化
4.3.5 地景碎裂化與分異化過程　　
4.3.6 擾動：都市發展擾動力　　　
4.3.7 效應：水文效應及極限門檻值
4.4 規劃介入的可能取徑　
4.4.1 規劃介入的時間策略
4.4.2 規劃介入的空間策略
4.4.3 地景生態規劃的實施
伍 結論及理論反省　　　-
5.1 基隆河流域經驗研究的幾點發現
5.2 從科學生態學到都市化的生態學

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