臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

軸向磁通馬達具備了高扭力、高力矩密度及高效率等優點，適合應用在車輪馬達上。本文主旨將針對直流無刷馬達力矩漣波做探討，並以降低力矩漣波，同時提昇馬達力矩為設計目標。首先，依據既有的車輪馬達建構磁路及力矩漣波模型，並在降低力矩漣波的目的下，設計驅動電流波形，其次，由馬達尺寸設計的角度改變定轉子部分尺寸後，使其反電動勢波形接近正弦波，藉此降低馬達力矩漣波。本研究並進一步建立一個新型直流無刷馬達設計流程，利用3-D有限元素電磁分析軟體結合多目標最佳化設計軟體，在特定空間及材料特性限制下，針對馬達特定目標進行最佳化設計。最後在嚴格的車輪力矩和轉速的規格下，新型馬達的設計建議定轉子極數比為16：12，使用新型磁鐵銣鐵硼-鈷鐵釔，並建議馬達驅動電壓為60伏特。

Axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motors can be designed to achieve a higher torque-to-weight ratio and motor efficiency, and are suitable for wheel motor applications. This thesis discusses the reduction of torque ripples for a brushless DC motor, and its optimal design by minimizing the torque ripple and maximizing the output torque. First, the equivalent magnet circuit model governing the relationship between alignment torque, phase current, and back EMF of the DC brushless motor are established depending on the real wheel motor geometry. The reduction of torque ripple is then discussed by the design of current waveform through harmonics analysis, as well as by the shape design of the motor to achieve a sinusoidal backemf. Second, the new procedure of an optimal design of brushless DC motor is developed by integrating the 3-D finite element analysis software and a multi-objectives optimization system tool. The optimal shape of the wheel motor is determined by main objectives under various constraints of space and materials. Finally, a novel design of the wheel motor with a new magnet, which has high magnetic energy, is proposed. To meet rigorous specifications on torque and speed, the pole ratio of stator and rotor is designed at 16:12, and the driving voltage 60 Volt is suggested.

第 1 章 導論 1
1-1 研究動機與目的 1
1-2 文獻回顧 2
1-3 各章摘要 5
第 2 章 電磁模型 6
2-1 本文研究之馬達簡介 6
2-2 磁場及磁路 8
2-3 感應電動勢及電感 11
2-4 氣隙磁通 14
2-4-1 磁導之計算 14
2-4-2 氣隙磁通之計算 20
第 3 章 馬達設計方程式的建立 25
3-1 複激磁場系統之能量及力矩 25
3-2 具有永久磁鐵系統之能量及力矩 28
3-3 對正力矩 31
3-4 銅損、鐵損及馬達效率 32
3-4-1 銅損計算 32
3-4-2 磁鐵工作點及鐵損計算 33
3-4-3 馬達效率與重量 39
第 4 章 馬達力矩漣波的探討 40
4-1 力矩漣波之產生原理 40
4-2 驅動電流波形與反電動勢波形之關係 42
4-3 最大平均力矩 49
4-3-1 最大平均力矩的條件 49
4-3-2 最大平均力矩之數值分析驗證 52
4-4 降低力矩漣波 59
4-4-1 設計驅動電流波形降低力矩漣波 62
4-4-2 設計馬達尺寸使反電動勢波形近似正弦波 75
第 5 章 軸向磁通馬達的最佳化設計 90
5-1 最佳化分析軟體 (MOST) 簡介 90
5-2 結合有限元素分析軟體 93
5-2-1有限元素軟體簡介 93
5-2-2介面環境設定 96
5-3 目標函數及限制條件 104
5-3-1目標函數 107
5-3-2限制條件 109
5-4 靈敏度分析 113
5-5 最佳化設計結果 135
第 6 章 馬達性能修正再設計 151
6-1 磁鐵斜角 24:18 151
6-2 新型磁鐵 24:18 161
6-2-1工作點探討 163
6-2-2轉子磁鐵最佳化設計 174
6-2-3定轉子最佳化設計 183
6-3 定轉子極數16:12 195
6-4 新型馬達的比較與抉擇 195
第 7 章 結論 209
7-1研究結果與討論 209
7-2未來展望 211
附錄A 馬達外蓋散熱鰭片設計 212
附錄B 最佳化設計尺寸圖 220
參考文獻 226

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