臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究乃一探索性研究，利用網路型系統產品理論、競合理論與網路經濟學來探討無線區域網路產業之發展，並依據策略分析之結論進行經營模式之研究，得出以下結論。
無線區域網路產業（WLAN）是建構在互補資產皆屬標準化界面，整個網路是公開接取的，各價值層間呈現水平發展、市場整合，整個系統的協調成本較低較3G系統低。WLAN系統的擴散動力將會落在端點的運算層與終端設備層。從競合理論分析得知，若System Operator考量無線區域網路將會推動數據與語音傳輸服務，不兼營ISP數據業務的行動通訊系統服務商並不會有誘因推動兩系統跨網漫遊。基於交易成本與擴散動力的考量，本研究提出未來無線區域網路產業發展的兩種可能情境。情境一：WLAN靜態local area使用；二、情境二：WLAN動態wide area使用。
在無線區域網路產業中，WISP廠商現階段身處系統最後一段距離，提供使用者接取網路服務。在3G系統中，行動系統服務廠商（System Operator）已佔據閘道位置。對WISP廠商來說，若無法具有Super power進而佔據閘道位置，且不能整合包裝層及內容層，將淪為連網的路徑。
針對傳輸層廠商本研究提出兩種經營模式，分別為WLAN Aggregator經營模式與WISP整合包裝層與內容層經營模式。運算層將出現作業系統的標準競爭，競爭重點會在互補應用程式與服務的多寡和現有網際網路多數的資料格式是否相容，從作業系統廠商的角度來看，有兩種做法，一種為自行開發重要或關鍵的應用程式，另一種為開放作業系統的API與其他應用程式開發廠商聯合開發或委外開發。 終端設備層為使用者的連網設備，競爭重點將會放在終端設備的功能性與使用情境所造成的需求。
VoIP服務模式屬於點對點雙向網路型態，擴散動力仍在用戶端設備。可行的策略分成兩類：一為提供VoIP軟體與作業系統整合，配合連網設備，另一做法為直接提供有VoIP功能的硬體設備。依據本研究分析，VoIP以軟體形式擴散將比以整合性硬體裝置擴散來的快。

This is an exploratory study. We will exercise the network system product theoty, co-opetition theory and the concept of network economics to discuss the development of Wireless LAN（WLAN）. Along with the results of the strategic analysis, this research will proceed with a business model of WLAN and propose our conclusions as follow.
The infrastructure of the WLAN is built on standard complementary assets, open network, and each value layer shows that horizontal development and market integration. Therefore, we can get the idea that coordination costs of WLAN are lower than 3G systems and the diffusion of WLAN will depend on the motive power of the manipulation layer and terminal layer of point end. From the results of the co-opetition analysis, we propose that if system operators consider WLAN, they would provide data and voice transmission services. In the other hand, the System Operator without ISP business would not have the incentive to provide the roaming service between two systems. Under the consideration of transaction costs and diffusion motivations, this research proposes two possible scenarios of the future development of WLAN:
Scenario one: WLAN are posited as static local-area usage.
Scenario two: WLAN are posited as dynamic wide-area usage.
Based on the analysis before, we realize that WISP firms which provide network connecting service to users are now situated in the last mile within the WLAN industries. Contrarily, system operators have occupied the gateway in 3G systems. Therefore, as WISP firms were concerned, if they neither have enough power to occupy gateway, nor integrate content and package layers, they will just become the Internet connecting route.
In the light of transmission layer firms, this research proposes two business models: WLAN aggregator business model and WISP integrated content and package layers business model. From the viewpoint of our study, we suggest that there are coming out standard competition of operating systems in the manipulation layer, and the competition will focus on the number of complementary application functions and whether most Internet data format are compatible. Standing at the point of operating system firms, we propose tow way for them to against the competition. One is to develop key application functions by themselves. The other way is to open the API of operating systems to cooperate with other firms or outsource their works. Next, we discuss the competition of terminal layer that provides the Internet connecting facilities for users. Its key points will focus on the functionality of terminal device and the demand of every different using situation.
Finally, we will discuss the VoIP. The type of VoIP service mode is classified to two-way peer to peer network, and its diffusion motive still depends on client side device. We propose two types of feasible strategies. One is that WISP operated with Internet connecting facilities integrates the VoIP software with operating systems. The other way is that WISP constructs the hardware facilities with VoIP function directly. According to the analysis before, the research conclude that the diffusion of VoIP will be faster in the form of software than integrated hardware facilities.

目 錄
論文摘要………………………………………………………………………I
目錄 ………………………………………………………………………IV
圖次 …………………………………………………………………………VI
表次 …………………………………………………………………………VI
第一章 緒論.................................................1
第一節 研究背景與動機.....................................1
第二節 研究問題定義.......................................2
第三節 研究方法 ...........................................2
第四節 章節架構 ...........................................3
第二章 文獻探討.............................................5
第一節 系統產品理論.......................................5
壹、系統產品關連性.......................................7
貳、系統產品擴散機制.....................................9
第二節 標準的制定與標準的種類.............................12
第三節 網路外部性.........................................14
第三章 無線區域網路（WLAN）產業分析.........................16
第一節 無線區域網路介紹...................................16
壹、無線區域網路演進.....................................16
貳、無線區域網路架構.....................................17
參、無線區域技術應用問題.................................19
第二節 無線區域網路成為數據傳輸主流之關鍵因素.............20
壹、Hot Spot尚在建置中：.................................20
貳、安全機制： ...........................................20
參、移動性（Mobility）需求：.............................21
肆、射頻干擾：...........................................23
伍、頻譜使用問題：.......................................24
第三節 無線區域網路對3G之影響.............................25
壹、無線區域網路與3G之比較...............................25
貳、無線區域網路與3G之競爭關鍵...........................30
第四節 VOIP的興起對語音傳輸的影響.........................34
壹、VoIP 技術標準發展演進................................34
貳、VoIP 產品介紹與發展分析..............................35
參、VoIP 市場走向與廠商發展策略..........................37
肆、本節小結.............................................40
第五節 無線區域網路的五層價值層...........................41
壹、內容層...............................................41
貳、包裝層...............................................41
參、傳輸層...............................................43
肆、運算層...............................................43
伍、設備層...............................................49
陸、本節小結.............................................51
第六節 本章總結...........................................52
第四章 無線區域網路產業策略分析.............................55
第一節 無線區域網路（WLAN）與無線廣域網路（WWAN）之擴散分析 ....................................................55
壹、統制結構之比較.......................................55
貳、交易成本分析.........................................56
參、擴散動力之比較.......................................58
肆、本節小結.............................................60
第二節 無線區域網路（WLAN）與無線廣域網路（WWAN）之競合分析 ....................................................63
壹、價值網與競合關係.....................................63
貳、從競合關係的改變探討異質多接取網路的可能性...........65
參、本節小結.............................................67
第三節 本章總結...........................................68
第五章 無線區域網路產業經營模式分析.........................71
第一節 傳輸層廠商經營模式分析.............................72
壹、WLAN Aggregator經營模式：............................73
貳、WISP整合包裝層及內容層：.............................75
第二節 運算層廠商經營模式分析.............................76
第三節 終端設備層廠商經營模式分析.........................80
第四節 本章總結...........................................81
第六章 結論與建議...........................................84
第一節 研究結論...........................................84
第二節 研究限制...........................................88
第三節 後續研究建議.......................................89
參考文獻.....................................................90

中文部分
洪嘉良，“系統產品之架構競爭與擴散機制－以無線通訊系統為例”， 國立台灣大學商學研究所博士論文，2000
陳勇維，“資訊產品之架構標準策略”，國立台灣大學商學研究所碩士論文，1997
陳慶蔚，“網路系統架構之競爭策略─ 以Web Services與Microsoft .NET為例”，國立台灣大學商學研究所碩士論文，2002
張正蔚，“行動網路系統業者之策略定位”，國立台灣大學商學研究所碩士論文，2002
柯獻堂，“異質網路整合環境下公共無線區域網路服務之投資決策研究－以行動電信系統業者之觀點為例”，國立台灣大學商學研究所未出版碩士論文，2003
英文部分
Afuah, Allan（1998）, Innovation Management：Strategies , Implementation , and Profits, Oxford University Press, New York Oxford.
Brandenburger, A.M. and B.J. Nalebuff（1995）, “The Right Game：Use Game Theory To Shape Strategy”, Harvard Business Review.
Brandenburger, A.M. and B.J. Nalebuff（1998）, Co-opetition, Currency & Doubleday, New York, NY.
Gawer, Annabelle and Michael A (2002), Cusumano, Platform Leadership: How Intel, Microsoft, and Cisco drive industry innovation, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.
Kalakota, Ravi, and Robinson, Marcia.（2001）, M-Business－the Race to Mobility, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Katz, Michael L. and Carl Shapiro（1994）, “System Competition and Network Effects”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.8, Issue 2, pp.93-115.
Rohlfs, Jeffrey H（2003）, Bandwagon Effects in High Technology Industries, MIT Press.
Shapiro, Carl and Hal R. Varian（1998）, Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.
Shy, Oz（2001）, The Economics of Network Industries, Cambridge University Press, UK.
其他資料來源
http://www.ieee.com
Kwon, T. T., Mario Geria, Sajal Das, Subir Das (2002/10), “Mobility Management for VoIP Service: Mobile IP vs SIP”, IEEE Wireless Communication.
http://www.gartnet.com
Chapman, Jason, and Milanesi, Carolina,（2002/11/18）, “Wireless LAN and Mobile Network Infrastructure Vendors”, TCMC-WW-FR-0122.
Rolfe, Andy,（2002/10/2）, “Wireless LAN Equipment Market: Strong Growth Set to Continue”, TELC-WW-DP-0228.
Hiller, Kimberly,（2002/10/17）, “Wireless LANs: An Overview”, DPRO-89978.
Byrne, Joseph, and Bruederle, Stan, （2002/3/7）, “Managing Possible Interference Between Bluetooth and Wireless LANs”, SEMC—WW—DP- 0107.