臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

我國職災資料顯示大多數的重大職災都屬於營造業墜落職災。因此，本研究分析我國2001至2005年營造業重大墜落職災，整理每件個案的個人因素（年齡、性別、工作經驗）、作業因素（作業別）、環境因素（墜落地點）、管理因素（公司規模、安全措施及個人安全裝備）、發生原因與其他相關因素進行編碼。接著以基因演算法與決策樹演算法找出顯著影響墜落地點的因素，用這些顯著因素來發展可預測墜落地點的決策樹。所得結果分為8種災害類型：(1)從施工架墜落主要原因為在4.5公尺以上從事外牆作業且缺乏個人安全裝備或不安全護欄；(2)從鋼樑墜落主要原因為從事水電作業但護欄或安全網不安全或缺乏個人安全裝備；(3)從地板開口墜落主要原因為從事組裝或拆除施工架、安裝運輸設備、電機作業、管理監督、吊掛搬運、室內裝修、清潔或鋼構作業，又缺乏個人安全裝備、不安全護欄或被機具或重物拉扯；(4)踏穿屋頂天窗墜落主要原因為從事屋頂作業但缺乏個人安全裝備、未設置踏板或安全網；(5)從梯子墜落的主要原因為勞工體力不繼或精神不集中，在高度不超過4.5公尺的地點作業，又缺乏個人安全裝備、且未設置安全的上下設備或符合規定之施工架；(6)從屋頂邊緣或開口墜落主要原因為從事屋頂或混泥土作業，又缺乏個人安全裝備或未設置護欄；(7)從地板或地面邊緣墜落的主要原因為從事模版作業，又缺乏個人安全裝備、護欄、施力不當或被機具重物拉扯；(8)從平台墜落的主要原因為施力不當或被機具或重物拉扯。本研究最後針對上述情況提出更有效的防災策略（安全訓練、安全措施以及作業流程），以期降低墜落職災發生率。

The current study analyzed 414 falling fatalities of construction industry from the years 2001 to 2005 since falling fatalities was the first leading cause of occupational fatality in Taiwan. Each accident was analyzed in terms of individual factors (age, gender, experience level of the victim), task factors (performing tasks), environmental factors (falling site), management factors (the company size measured by number of workers, safety equipment and use of personal protective equipment), cause of fall, and other relevant factors were coded for the analysis. Genetic algorithm based decision tree was used to derive significant contributing factors for predicting different falling site and classify falling fatalities into eight accident patterns: (1) Fall from scaffold was mainly caused by performing outer wall task 4.5m above the ground without appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE) or unsafe guardrails; (2) Fall from building girders or other structure steel was mainly caused by plumbing without appropriate PPE, guardrails or safety nets, (3) Fall through existing floor opening was mainly caused by performing scaffolds assembly and disassembly, setting up transportation equipment, electrical work, management and supervision, transportation and hoisting, interior decorating, cleaning and housekeeping, steel structure work, without appropriate PPE, guardrails, or pull down by machine or other equipment; (4) Stepping through roof surface was mainly caused by performing roofing task without appropriate PPE, and platform or safety nets; (5) Fall from ladder was mainly caused by unfit workers performing tasks below 4.5m above ground without appropriate PPE, climbing equipment, or lack of complying scaffold ; (6) Fall from roof edge was mainly caused by performing roofing or concrete task without appropriate PPE or guardrails; (7) Fall from floor edge was mainly cause by formwork without appropriate PPE, guardrails, overexertion, or pull down by machine or other equipment; (8) Fall from loading dock was mainly caused by overexertion, or being pull down by machine or other equipment. The result from the analysis could lead to more effective safety training, protective equipment and devices, and compliance with established procedures.

摘要
Abstract
目錄
表目錄
圖目錄
第一章 緒論
第一節 研究動機與目的
第二章 文獻探討
第一節 營造業墜落職災
第二節 墜落的致災因素
第三節 防墜措施
第四節 基因演算法及決策樹
第三章 研究方法
第一節 個案資料變項定義
第二節 資料分析方法
第四章 資料分析結果
第一節 次數及SMR分析
第二節 基因演算法及決策樹分析
第五章 營造業墜落職災防災對策探討
第六章 結論
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