臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

大杓鷸(Numenius arquata orientalis)屬於中大型的水鳥，為台灣地區局部普遍的冬候鳥。大肚溪口溼地的大杓鷸族群為台灣地區最大的度冬族群。由於台中火力發電廠的興建，迫使該族群之棲息地點由大肚溪口北岸向南遷移，近五年來在彰濱工業區的線西海岸聚集。監測的數據顯示此度冬族群數量有下降的趨勢。由於工業區的開發與人為干擾壓力的增加，該族群的保育具有必要性與迫切性。本研究針對該族群之日間活動模式，做初步的觀察，分析其行為模式與非生物因子﹙abiotic factors﹚之間的關係，討論人為干擾所產生的影響，並藉此研究提出保育的初步構想。
觀察日期自公元2000年10月5日至公元2001年3月25日止，共收集25天資料。實驗採用scanning method進行白天之行為模式觀察。選取潮水、風速與溫度作為環境因子的測定項目。
結果顯示，鳥群在漲潮時段之間絕大部份族群依水而立並且隨著潮水漲入而移動，但是大杓鷸在退潮時並未隨著潮水退去而隨時移動，而是分為三到四次大距離整群的移動到潮水邊。調查期間休息行為比例平均在80％以上，顯示休息是該族群在白天最主要的行為。鳥群在漲退潮時段相較於全部日間時段表現出較為明顯的行為模式。理羽和休息兩種行為在不同風速級數下有極顯著的差異（p<0.01）而且這兩種行為與風速之相關係數（Spearman’s rho）分別為-0.53與0.24。空間性、維護性與覓食行為在漲潮與退潮時段各呈現兩種不同模式並在統計上都有極顯著之差異（p<0.01）。鳥群所遭受的人為壓力主要來自漁民、遊客與釣客，對於噪音的干擾有逐漸適應的趨勢。
覓食行為與溫度呈現正相關﹙r=0.20，p<0.01﹚。度冬前、中、後期的覓食行為在不同溫度等級有極顯著的差異（p<0.01）。覓食行為在小潮期間相較於中、大潮有較高的百分比。而由於日間覓食的比例偏低，因此推測該族群在大肚溪口溼地有夜間覓食的可能性。

The Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata oreintalis) is one of the uncommon wintering shorebirds in Taiwan, and the biggest population is at the Da-Tu Estuary. Because of the construction of the Tai-Power Generator, this population moved southward from the Da-Tu River mouth, and were found along the coastline at the Changhua Coastal Industrial Park during the last five years. Meanwhile, the counting data show that this population growth is decreasing. Due to the increase of reclamation and human disturbance, the conservation issues for this population are necessary and urgent. This research presents the daytime activity pattern and its relation with the abiotic factors of the Eurasian Curlew.
The census proceeded from 5 October, 2000, to 25 March, 2001, and 25 days were successfully measured. The scanning method was used to collect data on different behaviors, and tide height, wind speed and temperature were selected as the abiotic factors.
The Eurasian Curlews stood near the tide edge and moved with the tide during the high tide period. But the birds did not move with the tide as a group during the low tide period, but each individual moved from the group to the tide edge three or four times. The average percentage of rest was over 80%, showing that rest was the predominant behavior of daytime activity. The pattern is obviously much more correlated with the tidal cycle than with the day-night cycle. Both preening and resting proportions of time showed significant variation (p<0.01) with the wind scale; wind speed showed strong correlation (Spearman’s rho) with preening (r = -0.53) and resting (r = 0.24). The spatial, maintenance and feeding behavior showed a significant difference (p<0.01) between high tide and low tide periods. The human disturbance was mainly due to aquaculture, tourism and fishing, and the birds appeared to gradually get used to the noise.
Feeding behavior and temperature are positive correlation ( r=0.20, p<0.01). The proportion of feeding showed significant variation (p<0.01) with temperature between the early-, mid- and late-winter. The proportion of feeding at low tide was higher than at high and mid tide. According to the low proportion of feeding during daytime, we suggest that the Eurasian Curlew may have nocturnal feeding at the Da-Tu Estuary.

中文摘要……………………………………………………………………… 1
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………… 2
一、前言
(一) 研究動機………………………………………………………………3
(二) 文獻回顧………………………………………………………………4
二、研究地點與方法
(一) 研究地點………………………………………………………………7
(二) 野外採集方法…………………………………………………………8
(三) 統計分析…………………………………………………………… 10
三、結果………………………………………………………………………12
四、討論
(一) 活動模式…………………………………………………………… 18
(二) 日間與夜間覓食討論……………………………………………… 21
(三) 干擾的影響………………………………………………………… 22
(四) 大杓鷸的保育問題………………………………………………… 23
五、參考文獻………………………………………………………………. 25
圖……………………………………………………………………………. 30
表……………………………………………………………………………. 45
附錄一、大杓鷸總活動比例與調查時間關係圖
附錄二、行為觀察的方法
附錄三、行為的分類

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