臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

PART ONE :汽電共生廠燃燒不同燃料之整體運轉成本研究
本研究以抽汽冷凝式蒸汽渦輪發電機組之汽電共生廠為研究探討對象，由於各種燃料之熱值與成本的差異，如何使得煤油混燒之汽電共生廠在最低的成本下運轉，以節省成本，則是本研究最主要之目的。本研究之研究資料係以業界實際運轉之汽電共生廠，所取得之設計與實際運轉資料，找出其鍋爐及汽渦輪機組的入出力曲線（I/O Curve），作為機組成本運算的基礎。再將汽電廠的燃料、售電與補給水各成本併入整體運轉成本計算，找出在不同的燃料運轉情況下，其最佳的鍋爐產汽量及蒸汽渦輪發電機發電量，使運轉成本達最低。結果可知，在離峰時，以目前燃煤價格1.7 NT$/kg，其最佳產汽量在高負載運轉，即盡量發電，其售於台電的電力，可以降低成本，減少開支；同理，重油價格在4.1NT$/kg時，其最佳產汽量可能在中負載運轉，即產汽量在某一特定值運轉下，有最低成本值；同理，天然氣價格為9NT$/kg，其最佳產汽量都在低負載運轉，即售於台電不划算，故不售台電電力。此外本研究亦採用模擬汽電共生廠的熱平衡計算之GateCycle 5.2軟體，並分析汽電廠實際運轉中的整廠循環機組效率，以建立運轉或維修之參考資料。
PART TWO :不滴水冷氣機之可用能分析
本研究為不滴水冷氣機之可用能分析，主要探討蒸發器凝結水噴灑至高溫冷凝器之可用能與風速的改變所造成之可用能分析。其結果可由兩狀態之間的可用能損失量之差值而得，即是蒸發器凝結水不噴灑至高溫冷凝器之可用能損失，減蒸發器凝結水噴灑至高溫冷凝器之可用能損失。而風速的改變所造成之可用能，可由低風速運轉之可用能損失，減高風速運轉之可用能損失。依此法節約能源，降低可用能損失，使得能效比EER提高，冷氣機的性能指數COP增加。所以綜合以上結果，可知運轉在高風速的冷氣機，將所排放出的凝結水，噴灑至高溫冷凝器上再蒸發，能使可用能損失降至最小最為省電。此法是能源的有效利用，即不浪費能源，且妥善運用能源於需要散熱的冷凝器上，以提高冷凝器之散熱效果，增加冷氣機的冷氣能力，同時可以減少一般滴水冷氣機排放出來的凝結水所造成的環境污染與生活不便。

PART ONE :The Study of Total Operational Cost with
Different Fuel Prices in the Cogeneration System
The thesis deals with cogeneration system of extraction-type steam turbine generator. Under taking into account of operational cost and enthalpy for fuel, it is an interesting place that how the cost is obtained as minimum by mixing coal and oil while cogeneration system is running. Based on the real design and industrial application, the attempt of the investment is to find the I/O curve for boiler and steam turbine from output data. Furthermore, it is possible to determine the optimum values from boiler and electric power with the lowest cost for fuel, water feeding, and benefits of selling power to Taiwan Power Company. The results show that the best way to save the operational cost is to generate and sell power from the extra steam with high loading at off-peak time while the price for coal is down to 1.7 NT$/kg. Instead, while oil price is up to 4.1 NT$/kg, the optimum value of steam generation can be determined as system is mid-loading. Consequently, it is not worthy to generate and sell the extra power to Taiwan Power Company when the cost of gas is up to 9 NT$/kg in low loading. Meanwhile, in addition, GateCycle 5.2 software is used for analyzing efficiency of whole system. And the output data can be applied as reference.
PART TWO : The Exergy Analysis of Air-Conditioner
without Condensed Water
This part of thesis focuses on the air-conditioner without condensed water. In order to save power energy, the exergy loss of air-conditioner must be reduced. Meanwhile, how to deal with the condensed water is also a puzzle. Numerous attempts have been made by scholars for many years. However, extracted water jet tool, the instrument designed for solving these problems, has never been tried. This equipment utilizes theorem of water evaporation to save energy. First, this mechanism sucks condensed water from the base of evaporator by screw liked channel, and then water is spayed out all over the hot condenser. As a result of high temperature makes the water evaporate and take the heat away. Thus, more heat can be removed; the higher EER and COP values are obtained. As expected, the exergy is also decreased. Another more efficient approach suggested in this paper is to increase the speed of rotation for fans. Experiment shows that high speed of air to condenser can also save the exergy. Finally, both of the two efficient ways will be performed in Tables and proved later.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
CHINESE ABSTRACT Ⅰ
ENGLISH ABSTRACT Ⅲ
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Ⅴ TABLE OF CONTENTS Ⅵ
LIST OF FIGURES Ⅸ
LIST OF TABLES XIV
NOMENCLATURE XVI
PART ONE
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Literature Review 2
1.3 Scope of the Present Study 2
CHAPTER 2 COGENERATION SYSTEM INTRODUCTION
AND UNITS’ I/O CURVES ANALYSIS 4
2.1 Cogeneration System Introduction 4
2.2 Units’ I/O Curves Analysis 23
2.2.1 I/O Curve of Boiler 23
2.2.2 I/O Curve of Steam Turbine 30
CHAPTER 3 OTAL OPERATION COST OF
THE COGENERATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS 38
3.1 Total Operation Cost of the Cogeneration System 39
3.2 Operational Model of Total Operation Cost 40
3.3 Every Extraction Flow of Turbine Analysis 43
CHAPTER 4 ASES SIMULATION 48
4.1 Case 1：Designing Operation Model 48
4.1.1 Cost of Designing Operation Model Analysis 48
4.1.2 Study of Each Kind of Fuel Prices for
Designing Operation Model 63
4.2 Case 2：Real Operation Model 67
4.2.1 Cost of Real Operation Model Analysis 67
4.2.2 Study of Each Kind of Fuel Prices for
Real Operation Model 79
4.3 Case 3：sale steam operation model 83
4.3.1 Cost of sale steam operation model Analysis 83
4.3.2 Study of Each Kind of Fuel Prices for
Sale Steam Operation Model 95
4.4 GateCycle softeware simulateing the cogeneration system 99
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 102
PART TWO:The Exergy Analysis of Air-Conditioner
without Condensed Water
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 105
1.1 Introduction 105
1.2 Literature Review 107
1.3 Scope of the Present Study 107
CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL ANALYZE 109
2.1 Quality decay in the energy 109
2.2 The Exergy Analysis 114
2.3 The Exergy Loss of Equipment Component 117
2.4 EER and COP 122
CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENT APPARIMENT AND MEASUREMENT 123
3.1 Equipment Device 123
3.2 Measurement of Window-Mould Air-Conditioner 124
CHAPTER 4 THE EXERGY ANALYSIS AND STUDY 142
4.1 The Exergy Analysis of Spraying Condensed Water for Evaporator to the High Temperature Condenser 142
4.1.1 The Exergy Loss of Air-condition
without Extracted Water Jet 142
4.1.2 The Exergy Loss of Air-condition
with Extracted Water Jet 146
4.1.3 The Exergy Study of Spraying Condensed Water for
Evaporator to the High Temperature Condenser 147
4.2 The Exergy of Wind Velocity's Change Analysis 142
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 159
REFERENCES 162 APPENDIX 166

REFERENCES
PART ONE:The Study of Total Operational Cost with
Different Fuel Prices in the Cogeneration System
[1]涂寬,“進入汽電共生的世界”全華科技圖書，1997
[2]K. Moslehi, M. Khadem, R. Bernal and G. Hernadez, ”Optimization of Multiplant Cogeneration System Operation Including Electric and Steam Networks,” IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 484-489, May 1991.
[3]N. N. Bengiamin, ”Operation of Cogeneration Plants with Power Purchase Facilities,” IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. PAS-102, no. 10, pp. 3467-3472, Oct. 1983.
[4]B.K. Chen and C.C. Hong, ”Optimum Operation for Back-Pressure Cogeneration System Under Time-of-Use Rate,” IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1074-1082, May 1996.
[5]C.C. Wang, ”The Optimal Operation Scheme for a Back-Pressure Cogeneration System by Dynamic Programming Based Method,” Master Thesis Electrical Engineering Department, Tatung Institute of Technology, June 1996.
[6]J.M. Huang, ”Study of Optimal Economic Operation for Extraction-Type Cogeneration System,” Master Thesis Electrical Engineering Department, Tatung Institute of Technology, June 1995.
[7] B.K. Chen and T.Tsai Liu, ”Optimum Operation Strategy of
Cogeneration System For Chinese Petroleum Corporation,” Master Thesis Department of Electrical Engineering Tatung Institute of Technology, June 1998
[8] B.K. Chen ,“Optimal Operation for Cogeneration Systems by Successive Approximations Dynamic Programming Based Method” Master Thesis Department of Electrical Engineering Tatung Institute of Technology, June 1998
PART TWO :
[1]Prof.Hong-sen Kou & Prof.Ji-Jen Lee , “Research of Cooling Effect for Four Kinds of Window —Type Air Conditioners” Master Thesis Department of Mechanical EngineeringT atung Institute of Technology ,June 1995.
[2]Prof.Hong-sen Kou & Prof.Ji-Jen Lee , “The effect of guide vane in the wind-channel of the air-conditioner on the range of wind” Master Thesis Department of Mechanical EngineeringT atung Institute of Technology ,June 1994.
[3]Prof.Hong-sen Kou & Prof.Ji-Jen Lee , “The analysis on indoor temperature field with air conditioner including guid-vane’s effect” Master Thesis Department of Mechanical EngineeringT atung Institute of Technology ,June 1994.
[4]Prof.Hong-sen Kou & Prof.Ji-Jen Lee , “Research of Air Quality in an Air-conditioned Room” Master Thesis Department of Mechanical EngineeringT atung Institute of Technology ,June 1992.
[5]Prof.Hong-sen Kou & Prof.Ji-Jen Lee , “Performance Analysis of a cooling Room and Thermal Effect of Inside a Heat Body” Master Thesis Department of Mechanical EngineeringT atung Institute of Technology ,June 1996.
[6]Prof.Wen-Mei Yang & Mu-Szu Chen , “Test and Analysis of Room Air Conditioners on Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio ” 國立交通大學機械工程研究所碩士論文,June 1998
[7]鄭榮軍, “冷氣機季節性能源效率比值之實驗與分析 ” 國立交通大學機械工程研究所碩士論文,June 1998
[8]Prof.C.S.Lin & Jung-Chin Chuang , “Computer Simulation of Energy Conservation & Comfort Control for an Air-Conditioning Room” 私立元智大學機械工程研究所碩士論文,June 1997
[9]林誠興&郭建華、陳傳真，“窗型冷氣之舒適感控制”，中華民國機械工程學會第13屆全國學術研討會，1996
[10]Prof.Long-Jeng Chen & Hsin-Lung Kou, “Thermodynamics and heat simulation and analysis for air-conditioning systems” 國立中山大學機械工程研究所碩士論文,June 1997
[11]Pro.Cha’o-Kuang Chen & Kuei-Peng Lee “The finite-time thermodynamic analysis of refrigeration Cycles with inter-cooling ” 國立成功大學機械工程研究所碩士論文,June 1994
[12]Hans C.Ohanian,“Physics”, Norton,New York,1989
[13]Yunus A Cengel “Thermodynamics: A Practical Approach”, McGraw-Hill,1998