臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

農作廢棄物以及動物排泄物經過適當處理，當作土壤肥料避免長期耕作導致土壤肥力喪失。廢棄物經腐植化處理後，形成堆肥(compost)。人工濕地也是一種生物處理程序，可以改變溶解性有機質(DOM)的特性。本研究探討雞糞經堆肥處理以及濕地進出流水，堆肥腐植質(HS)與溼地DOM之光學化學特性與金屬濃度。另外堆肥HS分離為3種分子量以及濕地DOM分離為6種分子量溶液，分子量>1 kDa稱為膠體、< 1 1 kDa稱為真溶解相，HS與DOM各分子量溶液量測DOC與金屬濃度和光學性質，分析金屬不同分子量與真溶解相之分佈與分配。堆肥隨腐植程序演進大部分金屬全量上升。溼地進出流水部分金屬濃度的改變趨勢相反。堆肥HS與溼地DOM之OC質量以大分子量與真溶解相較高，而金屬Fe、Mn分配在大分子量( >100kDa)為主，其餘金屬則以真溶解相( <1kDa)為主。濕地DOM與堆肥HS金屬分配係數值> 1，代表金屬較容易分配於膠體上。
金屬與光學性質之趨勢堆肥與冬季濕地之相關性有相同之趨勢，顯示兩者DOM與金屬之分配特性與有機物變化趨勢相同。

With appropriate treatment, agricultural waste and animal manure can be used as soil fertilizer, which avoids the loss of soil fertility during long-term cultivation. The humified wastes generate compost. In addition, a constructed wetland (CW) treatment is regarded as one of several biological treatment processes that can beneficially change the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM). This study investigated optical characteristics and metal concentrations of composted humic substances (HS) in chicken manure as well as DOM in a CW.
The composted HS solutions were separated into three molecular weights (MWs); the CW water samples were separated into six MWs. Molecular weight >1 kDa for HS and DOM was called the colloids and MW < 1 kDa was called the truly dissolved phase. Bulk and individual MW HS and DOM were measured for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), metal concentrations, and optical characteristics. The metal distribution and partition coefficients were calculated between colloids and the truly dissolved phases. The metal concentrations increased following compost evolution, but metal concentrations after CW evolution had the opposite tendency. The high molecular weight phase had a high OC mass fraction in the composted HS whereas the truly dissolved phase had a high OC mass fraction in CW DOM. Metals Fe and Mn were mainly distributed in the high molecular weight fraction (>100 kDa), but other metals were distributed in the truly dissolved phase (<1 kDa). The metal distribution coefficients were > 1 for CW DOM and the composted HS, which suggested metals were likely to distribute on the colloids. The correlation of metal with optical characteristics had the same tendency for composted HS and CW DOM in winter, which demonstrated HS and DOM change and metal distribution had the same tendency.

摘要 II
Abstract III
謝誌 V
目錄 6
表目錄 10
圖目錄 12
第一章前言 15
1.1研究緣起 15
1.2研究目的 16
第二章文獻回顧 17
2.1堆肥簡介 17
2.2人工溼地 18
2.3溶解性有機質 19
2.4 腐植質 19
2.5分配係數 20
第三章材料與方法 21
3.1樣品來源 21
3.2實驗藥品與器材 24
3.2.1藥品與器材 24
3.2.2實驗儀器設備 24
3.3實驗流程 25
3.4實驗方法 29
3.4.1 pH值測定 29
3.4.2 溶氧測定 29
3.4.3懸浮固體（Suspended solid,SS） 29
3.4.4總懸浮固體（Total Suspended Solids,TSS） 29
3.4.5 固體有機質（OM） 30
3.4.6 水中總有機碳測定(溶解性有機碳，DOC) 30
3.5堆肥中有機質的萃取與分離程序 30
3.5.1 NaOH萃取 30
3.5.2 物理性分離 30
3.6濕地分離程序 31
3.7螢光光譜儀分析 31
3.8螢光區域積分法（Fluorescence regional integration, FRI） 33
3.9金屬元素分析 36
3.9.1 王水消化法 36
3.9.2 金屬濃度測定 36
3.10數據統計與分析 36
第四章結果與討論 37
4.1基本性質測定 37
4.1.1堆肥溫度、pH值、OM測定 38
4.1.2 濕地溫度、pH值、DO、SS及TSS測定 38
4.2溶解性有機碳(DOC)特性測定 39
4.2.1 堆肥DOC特性測定 39
4.2.2 濕地DOC特性測定 40
4.3金屬濃度分析 42
4.3.1 堆肥金屬濃度分析 44
4.3.2 濕地金屬濃度分析 50
4.4堆肥HS萃取液與濕地金屬與有機碳分佈分析 53
4.4.1 堆肥HS萃取液金屬與有機碳分佈分析 53
4.4.2 濕地金屬與有機碳分佈分析 61
4.5金屬分配係數 67
4.5.1 堆肥金屬分配係數 68
4.5.2 濕地金屬分配係數 70
4.6螢光指標 72
4.6.1堆肥螢光指標 72
4.6.2 濕地螢光指標 74
4.7螢光物種測定與螢光區域積分法 77
4.7.1 堆肥HS萃取液螢光物種測定與FRI區域變化 79
4.7.2 濕地溶液螢光物種測定與FRI區域變化 84
4.8金屬有機碳分佈、螢光指標及螢光區域相關性分析 91
4.8.1 堆肥金屬有機碳分佈、螢光指標及螢光區域相關性分析 91
4.8.2 濕地金屬有機碳分佈、螢光指標及螢光區域相關性分析 94
第五章結論與建議 104
5.1 結論 104
5.2建議 105
參考文獻 106
作者簡介 111

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